Bush, before Barack Obama, _______ Brown a similar gift, a leather bomber jacket．

       A．gave               B．have given      C．would give      D．had given

When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．

       The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which was named after Catherine Kitty Genovese, a．young woman who was murdered on March 13, 1964．Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed（刺）by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．Despite Genovese]s repeated cries for help , none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called the police for help ．The attach first began at 3:20 , but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted the police．

       There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion（分散）of responsibility．Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．

       The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation, is ambiguous^ R^E^?）．In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnessing reported that they believed that they were witnessing a " lovers' quarrel" , and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．

The passage seems to suggest that Genovese might not have been murdered if there had been_____．

       A．no observer                 B．fewer observers 

       C．more observers ．   D．younger observers

Genovese was murdered                    .

       A．while she was going out        B．in her apartment

       C．halfway home           D．in front of her apartment ?

The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph probably refers to ____．

       A．not doing anything to help      B．behaving in correct ways

       C．taking action           D．murdering

We can learn from the passage that Genovese's neighbors didn't lend a hand partly because they ____．

       A．were afraid of being attacked by the murderer

       B．thought someone else might come to her rescue．

       C．didn't get along well with her

       D．were sure it was murdering

Scientists believe that conditions on Mars around 3.8 billion years ago were very similar to those of the early earth, when primitive organisms were spreading through our oceans. At that time, Mars would have been much warmer and wetter than it is today, with an atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, just like that of the earth at the time. Under these conditions, it is highly probable that life may have arisen on Mars as well.

  But, even if life did not arise naturally on Mars, it does not mean that it could not have existed there. According to Professor Paul Davies of the University of Adelaide, Australia, life forms could have been transferred between the earth and Mars in wreckage (broke pieces) created by the impact of comet(彗星) and small planets on the surface of the two planets.

  Even today, about 500 tons of material from Mars lands on earth every year. It is mainly in the form of the dust but occasionally a larger chunk(厚片，大塊) strikes the earth. In 1911, a piece of Martian rock crashed in Egypt, killing a dog. According to Professor Davies, it is in these chunks of rock, which were much larger and more frequent in the past that life forms could have been transported from planet to planet.

  “But how could these life forms have survived their journey through space?” says Paul Davies, “The difficulty in believing this theory is that a bacterium on its own in space has to struggle itself not only against cold but also against deadly cosmic (宇宙的) radiation. But wrapped in a rock the situation is different. A rock ten meters across would shield life inside it from a lot of radiation and the temperature might only be minus 10 or 20 degrees, the sort of thing we have on earth.”

Where do some scientists suppose life probably come from? (2’) (No more than 6 words)

What does Professor Paul Davies believe? (2’) (No more than 6 words)

Why could life survive when transferred from one planet to another? (3’) (No more than 12 words)

List at least two differences about Mars between the past and now. (3’) (No more than 16 words)

–Have you received Jack’s plan?

 –Yes, but I don’t think his plan is ____.

A. worth being considered                                   B. worthy to be considered

C. worthy of considering                             D. worth to be considered

Jack, it’s your fault. You must ____ your differences and get down to the task.

A. put away        B. put off               C. put out                   D. put aside

He glanced over at her, ____that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.

A.noting     B. noted      C. to note      D. having noted

Robert is said ___________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in .

       A. to have studied         B. to be studying           C. to study      D. to have been studying

－Do you have the time?

－Sorry, I have no watch.

－_____________.

A．What a shame.        B．Thanks anyway.      

C．It doesn’t matter.     D．Why not buy one?

8:30 PM

Outlook

Outlook is back with a new series of reports to keep you up date with all that’s new in the world of entertainment．Stories go all the way from the technical to the romantic, from stage to screen．There will be reports of the stars of the moment, the stars of the future and the stars of the past．The director with his new film, the designer with the latest fashion, and the musician with the popular song are part of the new Outlook．The program is introduced by Fran Levine.

9:00 PM

Discovery

When a 10-year-old boy gets a first class degree in mathematics or an 8-year-old plays chess like a future grand master, they are considered as geniuses．Where does the quality of genius come from? Is it all in the genes or can any child be turned into a genius? And if parents do have a child who might become a genius in the future, what should they do? In this 30-minute film, Barry Johnson, the professor at School of Medicine, New York University, will help you discover the answer.

10:00 PM

Science / Health

Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers．After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months, those devoted to weight loss-exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food lost about 13 pounds and became fitter．Plus, 35% of them dropped into the normal category （范疇）．This week, Dr．Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to what’s achieved with Hypertension drugs.

The main purpose of writing these three texts is ______.

       A．to invite people to see films

       B．to invite people to topic discussions

       C．to attract more students to attend lectures

       D．to attract more people to watch TV programs

From Outlook, you can get a great deal of information about ______.

       A．story tellers                   B．famous stars          

       C．film companies    D．music fans

Who will be most probably interested in Discovery?

       A．Parents who want to send their children to a school of medicine.

       B．Children who are good at mathematics.

       C．Parents who want their child to become another Albert Einstein.

       D．Children who are interested in playing chess．

According to the third text, which of the following has almost the same effect as Hypertension drug?

       A．Exercise plus a healthy diet.

       B．Loss of thirteen pounds in weight.

       C．Six months of exercise without drugs.

       D．Low-salt and low-fat food.

下列每個(gè)句子中均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。

We don’t know that we can do about it.

Could you tell me how I could get to the nearest post office?

The old man said he had joined the army in 1965.

Mary said she did not heard from her old classmate since September.

Charles asked he could use my car.

Mother asked me where I will go the next day.

Do you have a friend whom you could tell everything, like your deepest feelings and thoughts.

Don’t look at someone else paper, John. You should do it by yourself.

In order to improve your English, you can try writing an English diary every day.

The teacher gave a series of example in her lecture in order that everybody could understand.