Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(癡呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷爾蒙) , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.

Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(早老癡呆癥). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.

“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(懷孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保護(hù)神經(jīng)的) effects,” Kinsley said.  

“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”

Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.

“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.

“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic changes to the brain.”

51. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?      

A. They know it by experimenting on rats.    B. Many women say so.

C. Some researchers have told them.         D. They know it through their own experience.

52. What does the phrase “l(fā)itters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?

A. Old rats.    B. Animals.    C. Baby rats.          D. Grown-up rats.

53. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?       

A. Estrogen.                            B. Taking care of children.  

C. More exercise.                     D. The hormones of pregnancy.

54. “It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?         

A. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.

B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.

C. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.

D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.

55. Which title is the best for this passage?        

A. Do You Want to Be Smarter?           B. An Important Study

C. Mysterious Hormones                D. Motherhood Makes Women Smarter

 Is this _____ ?

 A. you are looking for                  B. that you are looking for   

C. what are you looking for              D. what you are looking for

第三部分  閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Dear Mr. Barton,

I am writing for the residents’ association (業(yè)主協(xié)會(huì)) to inform you of our feelings about your act. We’ve really had enough of you. Although we have tried to speak to you politely on several occasions, you have always answered with a stream of verbal abuse(辱罵).

Ever since you moved in three months ago, you have shown very little consideration for the other residents of this building, though many residents expressed their unhappiness with you. For the past six weekends, you have held very noisy parties, which have not finished until early the next morning. As you know, most of the people here are elderly or have very young children, and the noise keeps them awake all night. You don’t have to be so noisy, do you? Last weekend the situation deteriorated when two of your friends fought with each other on the first floor. The fighting was so bad that the police had to be called. What’s more, your friends left the stairs in a terrible state --- they even broke two windows on their way out! We feel that we can’t bear this type of act.

We strongly demand that you pay for this damage to the window soon. If you don’t and you carry on being a nuisance(令人討厭的人或物). We will kick you out! Legal steps will be taken if necessary.

Yours sincerely

61. What does the writer feel? 

A. Excited          B. surprised               C. Angry            D. Happy

62. What does the word “deteriorated” mean?

A. Changed        B. Improved              C. Moved           D. Worsened

63. What is the main purpose of the letter?

A. To ask Mr. Barton to leave the building for the peace.      

B. To inform Mr. Barton of the noise he made.

C. To talk about what Mr. Barton did.          

D. To give a warning to Mr. Barton.

64. Why were the police called?

A. Because Mr. Barton broke two windows.                  

B. Because Mr. Barton made too much noise.

C. Because Mr. Barton’s friends fought.                                        

D. Because Mr. Barton beat a child and an old man.

65. What is true according to the letter?

A. Mr. Barton paid no attention to the others’ unhappiness.     

B. Mr. Barton never replied to the others’ unhappiness

C. Mr. Barton always said sorry to those unhappy with him.    

D. Mr. Barton never apologized to the other residents.

There is no doubt        the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg,        was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.

  A. whether, which          B. that, where             C. that, that         D. that, which

 A new cinema ______ here now. They hope to finish it next month. 

 A. will be built     B. is built     C. has been built    D. is being built

 —Your daughter looks so thin.

—Yes, she is so _____ about what she eats.

  A. particular      B. especially           C.  specially       D.   particularly

第II卷

第一節(jié):單詞拼寫(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

根據(jù)下列句子及所給單詞的首字母，寫出單詞的正確形式（每空限寫一詞）。

1. They are to put on an e_____________ of French paintings in the Oriental Hall next week.

2. My father used to smoke a lot but he has q___________ smoking since last year.

3. It is a_____________ true that the sun rises in the east.     

4. She has received formal keyboard training. C_____________, she can type much faster than I.

5. Can you t_____________ this English poem into Chinese?

6. The a___________ temperature in summer in Quzhou is about 20℃. 

7. The soldier was awarded a medal for his b____________ in the war.

8. The temperature is above n_____________ all over the world and it’s time we took measures.

9. Who is to b____________ for the fire in the kitchen?

10. I felt n___________ and uncertain because it was my first travel abroad.

She finally got a high mark in writing. Never in all her life ____ so happy!

  A. did she feel     B. she felt     C. she had felt    D. had she felt

 It’s a pity that you________leave so soon. It’s been so nice having you here.

   A. should                 B. could              C. can              D. might

   Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the Bug-eyed Monster, embodying every feature that most people find unpleasant. This is unfortunate because it degrades a worthwhile literary endeavor. Instead, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and the aspects of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for no other literary form does quite the same things. What is science fiction? To begin, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates(以…為前提) a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion.?

   The first point that science fiction is a literary subgenre is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked. Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction(小說) is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.

   Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, characters, setting, and language. The themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man’s nature and experience around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result to a particular combination of a narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel.?

51.From the first paragraph, we can infer that science fiction has been most popular in the 20th century because ____.?

A with the growth of literacy, the size of the reading public has increased?

B competition from television has created a demand for more exciting fiction?

C science fiction is easier to understand than other kinds of fiction?

D the increased importance of technology has given science fiction an increased relevance

52.According to the definition in the passage, a fictional work that places human beings in a prehistoric world inhabited by dinosaurs____.?

 A cannot be called science fiction because it does not deal with the future?

 B cannot be called science fiction because it doesn’t deal with technology?

 C can be called science fiction because it deals with man’s relation with the world?

 D can be called science fiction because it places people in an environment different from the one we know?

53. Science fiction is called a literary subgenre because____.?

 A it is not important enough to be a literary genre?

 B it cannot be made into a dramatic presentation?

 C it shares characteristics with other types of prose fiction?

 D it has its limits?

54.One implication of the final sentence in the passage is that____.?

 A the reader should turn next to commentaries on general fiction?

 B there is no reason for any reader not to like science fiction?

 C the reader should compare other novels and stories to science fiction?

 D those who can appreciate prose fiction can appreciate science fiction?

55.An appropriate title for this passage would be____.?

 A Man and the Universe?

 B Toward a Definition of Science Fiction?

 C A Type of Prose Fiction?

 D The Bug-Eyed Monster??