How much can environment affect intelligence? In one study, striking increases in IQ occurred in 25 children who were moved from an orphanage(孤兒院) to more stimulating environments. The children, who were all considered mentally retarded and unadoptable, were moved to an institution where they received personal attention from adults. Later, these supposedly retarded children were adopted by parents who gave them love, a family ,and a stimulating home environment. The children gained an average of 29 IQ points. For one child, the increase was an amazing 58 points. A second group of initially less “retarded” children, who stayed in the orphanage, lost an average of 26 IQ points.

Other encouraging results can be found in early childhood education programs, which provide stimulating intellectual experiences for disadvantaged children. In one study, children from low-income families were given enriched environments from early infancy(嬰兒期) through preschool. By age 2 their IQ scores were already higher than those in a control group. More important, they were still 5 points higher seven years later. High-quality enrichment programs such as Head Start can prevent children from falling behind in school.

A particularly striking environmental effect is the fact that 14 nations have shown average IQ gains of from 5 to 25 points during the last 30 years. These IQ boosts, averaging 15 points, occurred in far too short a time for genetics to explain them. It is more likely that the gains reflect environmental forces, such as improved education, nutrition, and living in a technologically complex society.

1．What’s the main idea of this passage?

       A．Retarded children cannot improve their IQ’s.

       B．Orphanages are full of mentally retarded children.

       C．Environmental factors influence a child’s IQ.

       D．Early childhood education programs are important.

2．What does the underlined word “retarded” in the first paragraph most probably mean?

       A．Undeveloped.       B．rejected.              C．Ignored.              D．Deserted.

3．The author is in favor of _____________ according to the passage.

       A．putting retarded children into institutions

       B．providing early childhood education programs

       C．keeping children in orphanages

       D．keeping retarded children with others like themselves

4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an environmental factor that affects IQ?

       A．Good nutrition.                                    B．Improved technology.

       C．Better education.                                  D．Food pollution.

5．What can we conclude from the passage?

       A．Attention from parents has little effect on a child’s IQ.

       B．Head Start programs are a waste of money.

       C．Increases in IQ have happened in the US more rapidly than elsewhere.

       D．Genetics are less important than environment in gaining one’s IQ

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Do you know about a series of books that say they are “for dummies”? These American self-help books have been translated into more than thirty-nine languages including Chinese, Arabic, Russian, French, German, Greek and Spanish.

“Dummy” is a word for a stupid person. The dummies books are not really for stupid people. They are designed to show people how to do something they may never have tried before, like painting a house or learning a language. The books all say in a funny way that they are for dummies, such as World History for Dummies, Rabbits for Dummies, Chinese Cooking for Dummies, and Wedding Planning for Dummies. The first such book, DOS for Dummies, was published in 1991. it helped people learn how to use the DOS operating system for computers. Since then, more than one hundred fifty million dummies books have been sold.

The dummies.com website explains the idea behind the books. It says that they show that people can be taught to do anything. First they can make fun of ideas that are difficult to understand. Then they show how the information can be interesting and easy. The publishers say that the books do not provide more information than necessary. They give readers just enough information to do what they want. They say that the dummies books give the best and easiest way to do something. And the books use simple and easy language.

There are more than one thousand different dummies books. A report in New York Times says that the top-selling dummies books are those that explain technology and personal finance.

The publishers say that the best-selling dummies books are those providing information many people need-like information about diseases, education and cooking. People interested in opera, car repair and wine can also find dummies books to help them. And there are even more dummies books to come. The publishers say that they publish about two hundred new dummies books every year.

1．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

       A．Books for Dummies                             B．The Easiest, the Best

       C．Self-Help Books                                   D．New Ideas behind the Books

2．According to the dummies. com website, people can _______ with the help of dummies books.

       A．simplify some personal things

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       B．do anything they want

       C．become expert in any field

       D．learn any foreign language

3．The dummies books have been popular because __________.

       A．they provide just what is needed and are easy to understand

       B．they provide abundant information on the concerning subject

       C．people can learn to do anything with just one copy

       D．people can save lots of money through self-teaching

4．According to New York Times, we know that books on __________ sell best.

       A．technology and personal finance

       B．opera and car repairing

       C．diseases and education

       D．cooking and world history

5．What can we learn from the passage?

       A．The first dummies book was on Chinese cooking.

       B．The dummies books will continue to be popular.

       C．Fifty million different dummies books have been published.

       D．The simple language was intended for child readers.

閱讀所給短文，并根據短文后題目的要求進行簡答。

A long car journey can be a nightmare(噩夢) for everyone, whether they are adults or children, passengers or drivers. The driver at least has something that he or she needs to concentrate on but for the other occupants of the car, the journey can be boring, uncomfortable, and can make you feel sick. Moreover, passengers who suffer during car journeys can cause stress and anxiety to the driver, who may therefore lose concentration and cause an accident.

With this problem in mind, doctors and child psychiatrists have recommended a series of things to do and not do to make these journeys less stressful.

◆Surveys suggest that a major cause of arguments on car journeys is _________, and evidence shows that drivers operate better if they are listening to something of their own choice. This means that, especially when different generations are traveling, everyone except the driver who wants to listen to music should be equipped with their own source of music or radio.

◆By far the most successful strategy, especially if there are children in the car, is to turn the journey into a fun task of some kind. For example, children can be issued with an illustrated worksheet, offering them the chance to tick off things that they see－a blue motorway road sign, for example, or a particular kind of tree.

◆It is of course important to have sufficient provisions(儲備物) for the trip, with water on the top of the list. However, doctors are now warning parents against giving their children fast food items and fizzy(起泡的) drinks, the kind of things that cause hyperactivity and can create tension and problems.

1．What is the main idea of this passage? (Please answer within 10 words)

    _________________________________________________________________________

2．Fill in the blank in the third paragraph of the passage to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)

    _________________________________________________________________________

3．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

    For children passengers, the most efficient way is to make the journey more enjoyable.

_________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________

4．Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into proper Chinese.

    _________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________

5．What do you think are the needed sufficient provisions for children during the trip? (Please answer within 20 words)

    _________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________

He said he would________ me to Professor Mcrae as his postgraduate student．

A．comment       B．suggest    C．command    D．recommend

--She decided to _____the kidney(腎)of her dying son to a sick boy in the hospital．

--She is a great mother．

A．contribute    B．donate    C．subscribe   D．sell

--What took you so long?

--I got lost．I have no ________of direction．

A．sense         B．idea      C．feeling     D．ability

China opened its door to the outside world in 1978．______that had far-reaching effects．

A．Did a new development come then    B．Came then a new development

C．Then came a new development        D．Then did a new development come

_____and we’ll get everything ready for the taking off．

A．Have one more hour                 B．One more hour

C．Given one more hour                D．If I have one more hour

Doctors are concerned that the children ___________too much time in front of the TV don’t get enough exercise．

A．those spend    B．who spend    C．to spend     D．spend

The next moment，_____she had time to realize what was happening，she was hit over the head．

A．since          B．when         C．before        D．after