(10·全國Ⅱ E篇)

How words came into being is unknown.All we assume is that some early men invented cortain sounds,in one way or another,to express thoughts and feelings,actions and things,so that they could talk with each other.Later they agreed upon certain signs,called letters,which could be put together to show those sounds,and which could be written down.Those sounds,whether spoken or written in letters,are called words.

The power of words,then,lies in their associations-the things they bring up to our minds.Words become filled with meaning for us by experience;and the longer we live,the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past;and the more we read and learn,the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings.This clever use of words is what we call literary style.Above all,the real poet is a master of words.He can express his meaning in words which sing like music,and which by their position and association can move men to tears.We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly,or they will make our speech silly and common.

58.We learn from the text that language might have begun with(    )

A．expressions    B．actions    C．signs    D．sounds

59.What is mainly discussed in Faragraph 2?

A．The ……of new words      B．The importance of old words

C．The relation of human experience with words  

D．The gradual change and development of words

60.In the last paragraph,what does the anthor suggest that we should do?

A．Use words skilfully    B．Make musical speeches  

C．Learn poems by heart   D．Associate with listeners

 (10·遼寧B篇)

I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, '“I’m  having a dinner party' means: "I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can't afford and we'll be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat." Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: "Where are you going?" And it's not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone know I have nowhere to go.

    But in London, dinner parties are in people's homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India. Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations in New York. The mix is less striking. It's like a gathering at Bloomingdale's, a well-known department store.

    For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club

 60. What does the word "shot" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

    A. Choice.       B. Try          C. Style.            D. Goal

61. What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?

    A There is a strange mix of people.       B. The restaurants are expensive.

    C. The bill is not fairly shared.           D. People have to pay cash

62. What does the author think of the parties in London?

  A. A bit unusual     B．Full of tricks.    C．Less costly.     D More interesting.

63. What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience？

    A. Easy-going.    B. Self-centred.    C. Generous.    D. Conservative.

 (10·江西C篇)

Kong Zi , also called Confucius (551-479 B.C) , and Socrates (469-399 B. C) lived only a hundred years apart , and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas , and how these ideas in turn ,shaped their societies.

Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars un Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service.

Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:” Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some bad more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下層的)classes.

For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.

Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.

64. Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?

A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common,

B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.

C. The societies ware influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.

D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.

65. Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that           .

A. all men were equal when they were born

B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class

C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom

來源：高考資源網 D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to

66. What made some people different from others according to Confucius?

A. Family.           B. Potential.        C. Knowledge.            D. Community.

67. This passage is organized in the pattern of          ,

A. time and events

B. comparison and contrast

C. cause and effect

D. definition and classification

 (10·湖北C篇)

This brief book is aimed at high school students , but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.

  Its formal ,serious style closely matches its content ,a school-masterly book on schooling .The author , W .H . Armstrong ,starts with the basics : reading and writing . In his opinion , reading doesn’t just mean recognizing each word on the page ; it means taking in the information,digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself .The goal is to bring the information back to life , not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees . Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other ; in fact ,the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text .I’ve seen it again and again ：some-one who can’t express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn’t read it at all.

Only a  third of the book remains after that discussion ,which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages ,math , science and history . He generally handles these topics thoroughly(透徹地) and equally ,except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion(激情) regarding history to his students , that was a  hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across .To my disappointment , in this part of the book he ignores the arts .As a matter of fact ,they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do,though the study differs slightly in kind .Although it’s commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired ,actually ,learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.

My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s—none of the references(參考文獻)seem newer than the late 1950s. As a  result, the discussion misses the entire computer age.

These are small points, though, and don’t affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student.

63. According to Armstrong, the goal of reading is to________.

  A. gain knowledge and expand one’s view

  B. understand the meaning between the lines

  C. experts ideas based on what one has read

  D. get information and keep it alive in memory

64. The author of the passage insists that learning the arts_________.

    A. requires great efforts

    B. demands real passion

    C. is less natural than learning maths

    D. is as natural as learning a language

65.  What is a shortcoming of Armstrong’s work according to the author?

   A. Some ideas are slightly contradictory.

   B. There is too much discussion on studying science.

   C. The style is too serious.

   D. It lacks new information.

66. This passage can be classified as________.

  A. an advertisement

  B. a book review

  C. a feature story

  D. A news report

 (10·湖北C篇)

They wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessorise(配飾).Yet these are girls in their teens or twenties but  women in their sixties and seventies.A gengration which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now favouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.

Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert , said ,“Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s .In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter . It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years — now you can pick one up at the supermarket  whenever you wish to .Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly . ”

Professor Twigg analysed family expending（支出）data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same—and 5 or 6 per cent of spending—the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply.

The professor said,“Clothes are now 70 per cent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East.In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from,but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere.Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them.”

Fashion designer Angela Barnard ,who runs her own fashion business in London ,said older women were much more affected by  celebrity(名流) style than in previous years .

She said ,“When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties ,they want to follow them . Older women are much more aware of celebrities .There’s also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look,and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties . When I started my business a few years ago .my older customers tended to be very rich, but now they are what I would call ordinary women .My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten years ago.”

59. Professor Twigg found that ,compared with the 1960s,_______.

A. the price of clothes has generally fallen by 70%

B. the spending on clothes has increased by 5% or 6%

C. people spend 30% less than they did on clothes

D. the amount of chothes bought has risen by 5% or 6%

60. What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion？

A.They are often ignored by fashion designers .

B. They are now more easily influenced by stars .

C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion .

D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age .

61. It can be concluded that old women tend to wear the latest fashions today mainly because     

A. they get tired of things more quickly

B.TV shows teach them how to change their look

C. they are in much better shape now

D. clothes are much cheaper than before

62. Which is the best possible title of the passage ?

A. Age Is No Barrier for Fashion Fans

B.The More Fashionable ,the Less Expensive

C.Unexpected Changes in Fashion

D.Boom of the British Fashion Industry

 (10·全國ⅠB篇)

EDGEWOOD—Every morning at Dixie Heights High school, customers pour into a special experiment :the district’s first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs.

Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes, Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, during the first period, teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries.

By closing time at 9.20 a.m. , the shop usually sells 90drinks.

“whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schatzman says it was good, ”Christy McKinley , a second year student , announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher.

The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.

They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks , which they keep in check registers.

Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.

Not that it was easy. Chevalier’s first problem to overcome was product-related. Should schools be selling coffee? What about sugar content?

Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non-fat milk, fell within nutrition（營養(yǎng)）guidelines.

The whole school has joined in to help.

Teachers agreed to give up their lounge(休息室)in the morning. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The basketball team helped pay for cups.

59.What is the text mainly about？

  A.A best-selling coffee.

  B.A special educational program.

  C. Government support for schools.

  D.A new type of teacher-student relationship.

60.The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to     .

  A. raise money for school affairs

  B. do some research on nutrition

  C. develop students’ practical skills

  D. supply teachers with drinks

61.How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schatzman’s opinion of the chi tea？

  A. She met her in the shop.

  B. She heard her telling others.

  C. She talked to her on the phone.

  D .She went to her office to deliver the tea.

62.We know from the text that Ginger Gray       .

  A. manages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton County

  B. sees that the drinks meet health standards

  C. teaches at Dixie Heights High School

  D. owns the school’s coffee shop

 (10·江蘇A篇)

Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.

Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.

The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter  —a person who made pots and pans.

The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

56. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

A. Places where people lived.     

B. People’s characters.

C. Talents that people possessed.  

D. People’s occupations.

57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.

A. owned or drove a cart         

B. made things with metals

C. made kitchen tools or contains  

D. built houses and furniture

58. Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______.

A. Beatrice Smith         

B. Leonard Carter

C. George Longstreet      

D. Donald Greenwood

59. The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s _____.

A. later generations         

B. friends and relatives

C. colleagues and partners    

D. later sponsors

 (10·福建E篇)

In the United States, there were some well-constructed houses for native Indians, ranging from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo.

 In the eastern United States, one of the existing types was that commonly know under the Algonkian name of wigwam in which the Iroquois Indians lived. The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends, made by bending young trees to form the round shape. Over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the Indians from bad weather. Over the bark dried grass was added. A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. Doorways at each end served also as windows, The Iroquois Indians built trunk walls all around their villages. The wall had only one opening, They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near.

  Interestingly, the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive(原始的) construction, but different from those of the Iroquois Indians. The Choctaw Indians’ wigwams, made from mud, cane and straw, were in the form of a bee-hive. The covering was made of a long, tough grass. A post in the centre supported the roof. A hole in the top admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out.

  The tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with poles set lightly in the ground, tied together near the top, and covered with bark and grass in the lake country. It was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour.

  The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes (部落) along the Missouri built solid ring-shaped structures of trunk, covered with earth and dried grass, housing a dozen families.

  The Wichita and other tribes of the Texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass.

  Apart from the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.

72.Which of the following pictures shows the house for the Iroquois Indians？

73. According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _____.

A. with openings in the trunk walls    B. large enough for several families 

C. in a ring shape with bark and mud   D. by bending young trees to form the shape

74. All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_____.

A. of the same shape            B. covered with grass 

C. built with a post in the centre   D. built with doorways at each end

75. The passage suggests that ________

   A. all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses 

B. all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together

C. the Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their wigwams

D. the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends

 (10·福建C篇)

Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.

Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.

This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.

Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”

Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.

The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（標識）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.

64．What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.

B．Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.

C．Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.

D．Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.

65．The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“       ”.

A．affect        B．change       C．disturb        D．reject

66．According to Harry Morrison, businesses          .

A．will benefit from cutting carbon emissions

B．should buy carbon allowances for shoppers

C．are required to make up for their carbon emissions

D．have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere

67 ．We can learn from the passage that businesses will         .

A．have a strong desire to reduce costs

B．use the same logo in their marketing

C．gain advantages by taking early action

D．attract more shoppers by storing goods

 (10·福建B篇)

Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地區(qū))of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.

Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S. , where are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）,which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013——pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.

Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant(有意義的) improvement in their reading skills.

Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.

60. The underlined word “outlawed” in paragraph 2 probably means “        ”.

   A. allowed          B. banned          C. offered            D. refused

61.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

   A. Americans used to get access to the Internet easily.

   B. The world’s TV sets will total 150 million by 2013.

   C.45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005.

   D. Over two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013.

62. The author intends to             .

   A. stress the advantages of TV to people’s lives

   B. persuade women to become more independent

   C. encourage people to improve their reading skills

   D. introduce the readers some websites such as Google

63.What would be the best title for the passage?

   A.TV Will Rule the World                  B.TV Will Disturb the World

   C.TV Will Better the World                 D.TV Will Remain in World