Fifty–eight percent of the teachers interviewed in the Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) questionnaire had come across copying among their pupils. Gill Bullen from Itchen College in Southampton, for example, said, "Pieces handed in by two students were identical and significantly better than either of them could have done. Not only that, the essays handed in didn't quite answer the title question I had set". A teacher from Leeds said, "I had one piece of work so bravely cut and pasted that it still contained ads from the web page."

Connie Robinson from Stockton Riverside College said, "With less able students it is easy to spot copying as the writing style changes in the middle of the assignment, but with more able students it is sometimes necessary for tutors to carry out Internet research to identify the source of the copy."

Mary Bousted, general secretary of the ATL, said," Teachers are struggling under a mountain of cut-and-pasting to spot whether work was the student's own or copy." She called for policies to stop copying, and asked for help from exam boards and the government in providing resources and techniques to detect cheats.

But there was another side. "I have found once students clearly understand what copying is, its consequences and how to reference correctly so they can draw on published works, copying becomes less of a problem," said Diana Baker from Emmanuel College, Durham.

"I think the majority of students who engage in copying do it more out of ignorance than the desire to cheat. They really want to succeed on their own."

53. The passage mainly wants to tell us ____________.

54. The underlined word “identical” (Paragraph 1) probably means ____________.

55. What is TRUE according to Connie Robinson?

56. What’s the writer’s attitude towards “copying”?

British and American scientists are raising genetically modified(轉基因的) pigs in the hope of providing organs for transplant(移植) to humans, the project leader wrote in a newspaper Sunday.

Scientists in London and California have begun conducting the genetic experiments to find a solution to record–long waiting lists for organ transplants, Robert Winston said in an opinion piece written for Britain's Sunday Times.

In Britain alone, around 8,000 patients are waiting for a transplant.

"People needing a new heart or liver are waiting for someone else to die – usually a violent death in a traffic accident," Winston wrote in the newspaper. He said his team was "trying to modify pigs so their organs might save the lives of humans."

The scientists are introducing human genes into the animals to reduce the chances of the organs being rejected by patients, as has been common in previous attempts to use animal tissues, said Winston, who heads the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology at London's Hammersmith Hospital.

Working with Dr. Carol Redhead of the California Institute of Technology, Winston's team has injected human genes directly into male piglets(豬仔), adding them to the animal's sperm(精子).

He said that pigs involved in experiments had successfully produced transgenic sperm, but acknowledged that British and European laws had prevented the team from using the pigs to mate.

The Sunday Times newspaper reported that the experiments would be moved to the United States following difficulties with funding and regulations in Britain. It said the pigs would be bred in Missouri.

"Our U.S. friends will benefit from our technology and the income we might have produced for Britain will be lost," Winston wrote.

Some scientists have previously blamed the idea of using animal organs for human transplant, saying the technique risks spreading animal viruses to humans. Winston said his research project is attempting to breed virus-free pigs.

49. Scientists are introducing human genes into the animals to ____________.

50. Some scientists have blamed the idea of using animal organs for human transplant because ____________.

51. According to Winston, it seems ___________ to Britain to move the experiments to the United States.            

52. It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.

TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010

Frequently Asked Questions

What is TEENSGIVING?

TEENSGIVING is an exciting event where hundreds of New York City teens gather together annually for a remarkable day of community service. This year, TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010 participants will once again better New York City and impact thousands of lives!

When is TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010?

SUNDAY, APRIL 25, 2010

Where is TEENSGIVING?

All over New York City. Everyone will meet at the 92nd Street Y (92nd and Lexington) at 9:00 AM for the event kick-off. Then, all TEENSGIVING volunteers will disperse across the city to work with our partnering agencies where they will make a HUGE difference (and have fun!).  

Who participates in TEENSGIVING?

Hundreds of teenagers from around the city. Teens come from the 92nd Street Y, various city schools, youth groups, and organizations in the area. In addition, many adult volunteers (ages 21 and older) will donate their time to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010.

What projects do participants do at the agencies?

Sample projects include painting park benches, planting gardens, visiting and playing with underprivileged children, assembling craft kits for children in hospitals, assisting at animal shelters, working at soup kitchens, delivering meals and celebrating with families at homeless shelters.

Do I get anything for participating in TEENSGIVING?

Yes! Everybody benefits! Teen volunteers will receive *6 hours* of community service credit, good towards honor society, high school graduation and college application requirements. Adult volunteers will be “thanked” with a light breakfast, a gift certificate for their troubles, and the satisfaction of helping our city’s youth contribute to their community. In addition, all teen and adult volunteers will receive a cool TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010 T-shirt.

This sounds awesome! How do I register for TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010?

Interested teens and/or adults should e-mail the TEENSGIVING Coordinator Josh Hyman at jhyman@92Y.org (subject: TEENSGIVING) to receive more information and to register for this fantastic event!   

**Teens can also contact their school’s Community Service Advisor**

TEENSGIVING is sponsored by the 92nd Street Y.

45. TEENSGIVING is an event held ____________.

46. Teenagers may do the following in the event EXCEPT ____________.

47. An adult volunteer may get ______ for his time devoted to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010.

48. The writer’s purpose in writing the passage is to __________.

I'm from the South Bronx. At 7, my neighborhood was the beginning and end of my universe. It was a small town to me. Everyone knew each other, so if you got into trouble in school, your mom knew about it before you got home. I felt watched over and safe.

But just before I turned 8, things began to change. I watched two buildings on my block burn down. I remembered seeing my neighbor Pito go up and down the fire to get people out. Where were the firemen? Where was the truck? Somebody must have called them.

That same summer, after serving two tours in Vietnam, my brother was killed in the South Bronx. He was shot above the left eye and died instantly.

People moved out of the neighborhood, and all I wanted to do was to get out, too. I used education to get away from there and got good at avoiding the topic of where I was from. To be from the South Bronx meant that you were not a good person. It felt like a stain.

After college, I didn't want to come back to the South Bronx, but in order to afford to graduate from school, I had to. I was almost 30 and could only afford to live at my parents' home. It felt like a defeat, and I hated it.

At the same time, the city was planning a huge waste facility here, and no one seemed to care — including many of us who lived here. They thought, "Well, it's a poor community; what's the difference?"

I was very angry. It drove me to act. It moved my spirit in a way that I didn't know it was possible. And it changed my beliefs — it changed the way I felt about myself and my community. I worked hard with others who felt the same way, and together, we defeated the plan.

After that, I realized it's just as important to fight for something as it is to fight against something. So we dreamed up a new park on the site of an illegal waste dump — and after many community clean-ups, along with $3 million from the city, we have one. And it's a glory. It was the seed from which many new plans for our community have grown.

Today, the South Bronx is no longer a stain; it's a badge(象征) of honor for me. I believe that where I'm from helps me to really see the world. Today, when I say I'm from the South Bronx, I stand up straight. This is home, and it always will be.

41. Paragraphs 2 and 3 make the readers believe ____________.

42. The author went back to the South Bronx after college because ____________.

43. The underlined sentences(Paragraph 2) imply that ____________.

44. What does the author want to convey in the passage?

It has been difficult to sit on the bench to spend the majority of my high school basketball career. To watch my team from the sideline and 　21 ?why I am not good enough to be on the floor. 22

endless hours of work and devotion, pushing myself through drill after drill, the 　23 thing I want is to be a cheerleader. The feeling of being 　24 is sometimes too much and drives me to

25 on the spot. I often feel as though my efforts are wasted and my time is eaten away, devoted to 　26　 .

It is heartbreaking to be a spectator(旁觀者) for the game I love, knowing that no one has enough 　27 to give me the chance to 　28 on the floor. Tears will up, but I hold them back. I shouldn’t be so 　29 over something so silly.

Away from the game, it’s easier to put my thoughts together, 　30 letting my emotions drive my reasoning. I consider 　31 I am where I am. I have played basketball my whole life. I have a passion for the 　32 and always have. There is nothing like the excitement of 　33 : the swish of the net, the sweat rolling off my cheeks, even the bruises(青腫) are battle wounds worn 　34 after every game.

Even if I don’t play much, I participate in every 　35 . I am part of a team of girls who

36　 together like a family. I am there for them, 　37 they are for me.

Should I move on? Or should I stay with my team and pursue my passion just a little longer?
The decision isn’t difficult when I consider the 　38　 that being a part of a team brings me— and not just any team, 　39 my team. I love basketball and my teammates. When I think about that, my view from the bench really isn’t so bad 　 40　 .

21. A.consider B. wonder C. think D. hesitate

22. A. Since B. During C. After D. Before

23. A. other B. next C. first D. last

24. A. worthless B. hopeless C. helpless D. careless

25. A. fight B. quit C. transform D. retire

26. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything

27. A. sympathy B. encouragement　 C. permission D. faith

28. A. respond B. perform C. promote D. practice

29. A. scared B. nervous C. upset D. amazed

30. A. less than B. more than C. other than D. rather than

31. A. why B. how C. whether D. what

32. A. bench B. sport C. drill D. battle

33. A. waiting B. watching C. learning D. playing

34. A. proudly B. bravely C. unfortunately D. painfully

35. A. decision B. plan C. game D. project

36. A. compete B. stick C. live D. represent

37. A. because B. if C. as D. though

38. A. joy B. patience C. challenge D. position

39. A. so B. as C. but D. like

40. A. above all B. after all C. at all D. all in all

 Almost everyone is ________ bringing down the price of housing because it’s too high now.

A. in favor of   B. in charge of     C. in honor of       D. in search of

Oh, Zhongxue ! We shouldn’t keep him waiting long, for he is not a person of ________.

A. courage　　 B. determination C. patience　 D. responsibility

 His promise ________ he would give away half of the year’s income to the disabled turned out a lie, ________ made the public feel cheated.

A. which; what B. that; which       C. what; which      D. which; that

 Only by communicating with each other more frequently ________ clear away the misunderstandings and solve the conflict.

A. they can     B. they will be able to  C. can they   D. will they can

 Knowing they couldn’t understand what I had said, I gave several examples and ________ I got my idea across.

A. eventually   B. occasionally     C. constantly D. generally