Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊貓）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多樣化飲食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modem life.
【小題1】We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.

A．depend on one sense in choosing food

B． are not satisfied with their food

C．choose food in similar ways

D．eat entirely different food

【小題2】Which of the following eats only one type of food?

A．The white butterfly.	B．The small bird.
C．The bear.	D．The fox.

【小題3】Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.

A．the season changes

B．the food color changes

C．they move to different places

D．they are attracted by different smells

【小題4】We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.

A．food is chosen for a good reason

B．French and British food is good

C．some people have few choices of food

D．some people care little about healthy diet

Nowadays, the food we eat seems to have great effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.
That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
【小題1】What is the best possible title of the passage?

A．Drug and Food	B．Food and Health
C．Cancer and Health	D．Health and Drug

【小題2】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals

B．Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for about sixty-eight years.

C．Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons

D．Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.

【小題3】How has science done something harmful to mankind?

A．Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food have been virtually eliminated.

B．It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.

C．The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.

D．Because of the application of science, some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.

【小題4】What are nitrates used for?

A．They preserve the color of meats.

B．They preserve flavor in packaged foods.

C．They are the objects of research

D．They cause the animals to become fatter.

【小題5】The word “carcinogenic” most nearly means “_____”.

A．trouble-making	B．color-retaining
C．cancer-causing	D．money-making

FDA proposed the most sweeping food safety rules in decades, requiring farmers and food companies to be more cautious in the wake of deadly outbreaks in peanuts, cantaloupe (瓜），and leafy greens.
The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodbome illness. Just since last summer, outbreaks of listeria (李氏桿菌）in cheese and salmonella(沙門氏菌）in peanut butter, cantaloupe and mangoes have been linked to more than 400 illnesses and as many as seven deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The actual number of those sickened is likely much higher.
The FDA’s proposed rules would require farmers to take new precautions against contamination (污染）,to include making sure workers5 hands are washed, irrigation (灌溉） water is clean, and that animals stay out of fields. Food manufacturers will have to submit food safety plans to the government to show they are keeping their operations clean.
Many responsible food companies and farmers are already following the steps that the FDA would now require them to take. But officials say the requirements could have saved lives and prevented illnesses in some of the large-scale outbreaks that have hit the country in recent years.
In a 2011 outbreak of listeria in cantaloupe that claimed 33 lives ，for example, FDA inspectors found pools of dirty water on the floor and old, dirty processing equipment at the Colorado farm where the cantaloupes were grown. In a peanut butter outbreak this year linked to 42 salmonella illnesses ，inspectors found samples of salmonella throughout a New Mexico peanut processing plant and multiple obvious safety problems ，such as birds flying over uncovered trucks of peanuts and employees not washing their hands.
Under the new rules, companies would have to lay out plans for preventing those sorts of problems and how they would correct them.
“The rules go very directly to preventing the types of outbreaks we have seen/，said Michael Taylor, FDA’s deputy commissioner for foods.
【小題1】The main task of FDA is probably______

A．to protect and promote the public health

B．to help those sickened recover

C．to research on food safety measures

D．to deal with water pollution

【小題2】According to the passage, the new rules focus on_____.

A．inspecting the whole process of food production

B．improving food processing equipment on farms

C．preventing water pollution in food production

D．urging food companies to lay out plans

【小題3】What does the word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Inspectors.	B．Farmers
C．Manufacturers.	D．Workers.

【小題4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The new regulations should have come into practice earlier.

B．The 2011 outbreak of listeria is the most serious ever.

C．Farmers and food companies are strongly against the new rules.

D．Colorado and New Mexico are worst hit by food pollution.

Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he has sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then, consider this: you might be in a state of sub-health. Sub-health, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline（界限）state between health and disease.
According to the investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of sub-healthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.
Symptoms include a lack of energy,depression,slow reactions,insomnia,anger,and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath,sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health,according to some medical experts,is to from good liwing habits,alternate work and rest,exercise regularly,and take park in open air activities.
As for meals,people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables,fruits,fish because they are rich in nutritional elements—vitamins and other elements that are important to the body.Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract. They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.
【小題1】According to this passage, which of the following is true?

A．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should stay at home and keep silent.

B．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine.

C．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should have yourself examined in foreign countries.

D．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.

【小題2】It may be easy for middle-aged people to get sub-healthy because _________.

A．they have used up their energy

B．they have lost their living hopes

C．they have more pressure in life and work

D．they begin to get older

【小題3】The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is that you should ________.

A．work hard	B．sleep more
C．form good living habits	D．take more medicine

【小題4】The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to _________.

A．a(chǎn)rrange by turns	B．cause to take place
C．keep oneself busy with	D．get tired of

WASHINGTON－School lunches have been called many things, but a group of retired military officers is giving them a new label: national security threat.
That's not a reference to the mystery meat served up in the cafeteria line either. The retired officers are saying that school lunches have helped make the nation's young people so fat that fewer of them can meet the military's physical fitness standards, and recruitment will be difficult.
A new report being released Tuesday says more than 9 million young adults, or 27 percent of all Americans ages 17 to 24, are too overweight to join the military. Now, the officers are advocating for passage of a wide­ranging nutrition bill that aims to make the nation's school lunches healthier.
The military group acknowledges that other things keep young adults out of the armed services, such as a criminal record or the lack of a high school diploma. But weight problems that have worsened over the past 15 years are now the leading medical reason that recruits are rejected.
Although all branches of the military now meet or exceed recruitment goals, retired Navy Rear Adm. James Barnett Jr., a member of the officers group, says the obesity trend could affect that.
“When over a quarter of young adults are too fat to fight, we need to take notice，” Barnett said. He noted that national security in the year 2030 is “absolutely dependent” on reversing child obesity rates.
This isn't the first time the military has gotten involved in the debate over school lunches. During World War Ⅱ， military leaders had the opposite problem, reporting that many recruits were rejected because of stunted growth and inadequate nutrition. After the war, military leaders pushed Congress to establish the national school lunch program so children would grow up healthier.
Today, the group is urging Congress to eliminate junk food and high­calorie beverages from schools, put more money into the school lunch program and develop new strategies that help children develop healthier habits.
【小題1】What is the main problem of the lunches in schools according to the military officers?

A．The meat in the lunches is mysterious.

B．The lunches are too expensive.

C．The lunches contain too much fat.

D．There is inadequate nutrition in the lunches.

【小題2】The underlined word “obesity” in Paragraph 5 means ________.

A．slow in mind	B．state of being fat
C．quick in movement	D．lack of confidence

【小題3】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．The lunches in American schools are not very healthy.

B．During World War Ⅱ，many people could not join the army because of overweight.

C．According to the author , overweight was the key reason why many recruits were rejected.

D．By now, Congress hasn't eliminated junk food and high­calorie beverages from schools.

【小題4】Which of the following is the best title for the article?

A．School lunches: a national security threat?

B．National security in danger ?

C．Retired officers tired of school lunches

D．The recruitment of 2030

Tui Na and Your Emotional Health
In Traditional Chinese Medicine the body, mind and spirit cannot be divided and so the unique whole-body treatment in Tui Na can also be a use­ful treatment correcting any imbalances in the body's energy before symptoms and disease can de­velop. It also works to restore emotional harmony as well as physical health. This is why after a Tui Na treatment many people "feel good". Many peo­ple in China use Tui Na regularly to keep healthy and to deal with some specific illnesses.
Tui Na is performed on the clothed body and the patient is either lying on a couch or sitting on a chair. Therapists using a variety of strokes or movements will control the intensity and direction of pressure in an exact way. The unique rolling movement in Tui Na is one of the most difficult strokes to learn and students have to practice sometimes for many months on a rice bag before they are allowed to practice on the human body.
Stress
Tui Na is of course very useful for treating stress.
It distributes the energy around the whole body. It is be­lieved that Tui Na moves the strong energy in the tense muscles to the weaker areas, thus making a more balanced body. When your Qi （energy in the body） flow is balanced you feel relaxed and comfortable.  Tui Na is especially useful for stiff shoulders and tense neck muscles.
Emotions
In Traditional Chinese Medicine each major organ is linked to an emotion. By balancing the energy in the organ, the relevant emotion will be calmed. When your emotions are out of control, you would usually turn to your doctor or perhaps a psychotherapist. But perhaps some people would not like to be seeing a psychotherapist or feel nervous about discussing their problems with others. With Tui Na one does not need to tell the therapist anything one does not want to. The treatment of Tui Na can deal with the problem itself — although if one does need to talk, then the safe space is there to do so. An active dialogue between the therapist and the patient will help to get a better effect.
How the major organs rule your emotions
Each major organ — the heart, the stomach, the spleen, the liver, the bladder, the kidneys, the lungs, etc. — is linked to a relevant emotion.
The heart is linked to joy, excitement and sadness. If the heart is out of balance, the patient may dream a lot at night and often forget something important in the day.
The stomach and spleen are connected with too much thinking or wor­rying — over anxiety. When the stomach is out of balance there is often a lack of energy. The patient often feels very tired and has no interest in do­ing anything at all.
The liver and gall bladder are linked to anger. In Chinese Medicine the eyes are connected with the liver, and many people who suffer from an­ger often suffer from eye problems. The gall bladder rules decision-making and too much energy here can lead to rashness, while if there is too little it can bring about indecision. Where there is a history of depression, the therapist would look to the liver.
The bladder and kidneys are linked to fear of all kinds, from simple anxieties and phobias to vague fears and worries.
The lungs are connected with feelings of grief and sadness. When there is a history of grief, the therapist would look to the lungs.
Tui Na is used in almost all the hospitals in China and very popular among Chinese people. It is a useful and valuable method of restoring Qi balance, when emotional and physical health is out of balance. Tui Na is one of the remaining secrets of Chinese Medicine.
【小題1】According to the passage, which statement is TRUE about Tui Na?

A．Tui Na is a whole-body treatment and can't be divided into different parts.

B．Tui Na can be used to balance the diseases before they can develop in the body.

C．Tui Na can bring back not only physical health but also emotional health.

D．Tui Na only makes people "feel good" but do not actually cure disease.

【小題2】How can the emotion be calmed?

A．By linking the organ to an emotion.

B．By telling the therapist anything one does not want to.

C．By discussing their problems with others.

D．By balancing the energy in the relevant organ.

【小題3】When the stomach is out of balance,   .

A．the patient will have a stomachache

B．the patient will have a lot to worry about

C．the patient will have nothing to do

D．the patient will not feel like doing anything

Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods (天然健康食品) ? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid (酸) accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is overweight. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive system, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods (加工食品) contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陳代謝) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive system makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach. One effective way is to choose raw and whole foods appropriately according to your health conditions and personal preferences.
【小題1】It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.

A．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods

B．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit

C．it is important for people to protect their vital organs

D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle

【小題2】Processed foods are unhealthy because they __________.

A．destroy body’s cells	B．harm your stomach
C．may lead to obesity	D．stop body’s natural function

【小題3】What is the main purpose of this passage?

A．To warn people of the problem of overweight.

B．To inform people of the harm of processed foods.

C．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods.

D．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods.

【小題4】What is likely to be talked about following the last paragraph?

A．Different causes of acid accumulation.

B．Correct ways to cook raw foods.

C．Active approaches to avoid acid.

D．Suitable types of raw and whole foods.