Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations．They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago． 小題1:  
The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly．Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses．  小題2:  So they are called "diseases of civilization"．Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none． 小題3:  However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.
Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones．They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits．They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains．小題4:  We eat six times more salt than our ancestors．We eat more sugar．We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.
  小題5: But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.         

A．Stone Age people lived a simple life. B．But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these. C．In that case, they would live much healthier. D．Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise. E．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. F．People today probably don't want to live like our ancestors. G．Modern people used to suffer from "diseases of civilization".

Today there are policemen everywhere, but in 1700, London had no policemen at all. A few old
men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid.
In 1750, Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people to stop thieves. They were like
policemen and were called "Bow Street Runners" because they worked near Bow Street.
Fifty years later, there were 120 "Bow Street Runners", but London had become very big and
needed more policemen. So in 1829, London Police Force was started with 3,000 officers. Until
1920 all the police in London were men.
小題1:Who protected London in 1700?  (回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)4個(gè))
小題2:When was London Police Force started?  ( 回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)2個(gè))
小題3:Are all the London police men now?  (回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)1個(gè))

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
A debate is a discussion about a subject on which people have different views. It’s a nice way of gaining a lot of knowledge and views on a topic, or situation that we aren’t either aware of, or haven’t really looked into in detail. It makes you more able to think critically and more confident in speaking. In addition, it helps in appreciating tolerance of others’ opinion and improves your listening skills.
A debate requires one to know how to use words and intelligence to overcome his or her opposing team members. To give great arguments during a debate, first you need to get your facts right. To make what you have in material for a debate contain facts, don’t just depend on the Internet, especially avoid just referring to one website for all your information. You are also required to refer to books, and make sure they’re authors of a high degree, since their materials have reference notes and extensive research projects done on what they are covering.
Second, you should be full of confidence. You need to show that you’re sure of what you’re saying , and point out how flawed their comeback arguments were. The only way to do this is to thoroughly know your material before heading on out to a debate session. Know your statistics, know your statistics, know your history and above all know names, dates and places. Make key notes to refer to. Don’t stammer (口吃), and also don’t level your gaze with your opponent or the rest of them. All this will help you keep confident.
At last, by no means should you lose your calmness, but keep your voice firm and raised enough to sound calm. A good team member should know how to keep his emotions in control as well as keep others under control in his/ her team.

閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題(請(qǐng)注意問(wèn)題后字?jǐn)?shù)要求)。
Giving gifts is not a normal part of Britain business culture．Indeed，British business colleagues are qoite likely to feel embarrassed to receive any gift at all．The only exception would be at the conclusion of a desl when it might be appropriate to give a unique souvenir to mark the occasion. Such items might be gold，silver，or porcelain with a suitable inscriptiop．A-gain，to avoid embarrassment on the part of the recipient，the object must be restrained, tastefuI，and not too expensive．
Small gifts such as a lpen Or a book would be suitable gifts of genuine gratitude，and flowers or wine suffice to thank junior colleagues for their services．
Ahernatively，it will often be appreciated if you invite your hosts，or others yoU wish to thank，out for a meal or tO the theatre．
It is always good form to buy a round of drinks for your colleagues after work．This is also the most common way of celebrating someone's birthday．
Business gifts are never exchanged at Christmas but it may be appropriate to send a card，particularly as an．expression of thanks to your business associates but also as a means of maintaining valuable contacts．Bear in mind that the UK postal services was founded at about the same time as the old railways so ensure that your cards are mailed in good time．
If you are invited to a British home，it is standard practice to bring wine，flowers or chocolate for your hosts．The usual European warnings apply when giving flowers：no red roses or white lilies．
If you know that you are going to stay with a family，it is a good idea to bring something             ．If you are unprepared，then your time in your host's house should allow you to think of something they would really appreciate even if you have to mail it from home on your return．
小題1:What's the best title of the passage?(within 8 words)
                                                                        
小題2:How do colleagues often celebrate each other's birthday in Britain based on the passage?(within 15 words)
                                                                       
小題3:Fill in the black in the last paragraph with proper words．(within 5 words)
                                                                        
小題4:Is it always appropriate to bring flowers when you visit a British home?Why?(within 15words)
                                                                        
小題5:Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 into Chinese．
                                                                        

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 12 words.
The first fast food restaurants opened in the United Sates at the end of the 1950s. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the fast food industry continued to expand across the United Sates. Two aspects of American society that helped the fast food industry take off were teenagers and cars. Teenagers were the best workers to fill the low-skill jobs needed to work in fast food restaurants putting together hamburgers, taking orders and frying potatoes. Fast food chains also marketed themselves to people with cars by having drive-thru order windows and car hops. Car hops were waitresses who usually wore roller skates and brought the food outside the restaurant so that people could eat in their cars.
The trend of fast food chains hiring teenagers continues today. One out of every eight Americans has worked at McDonald’s, the largest fast food chain in the United States. Fast food chains used to be found only along highways or in business areas where people need to grab a quick lunch before returning to work. Today, however, fast food restaurants can be found in sports stadiums, airports, gas stations, malls; on college campuses, cruise ships; at K-Mart, Wal-Mart; and in hospital cafeterias.
The popularity of fast food in the United States is related to the idea that people would rather eat in a place they are familiar with rather than try a new place they know nothing about. This is the philosophy behind franchises(特許經(jīng)營(yíng)). When a person buys a franchise, they are paying for the use of the company’s name. This system has advantages and disadvantages for the person starting the restaurant. The new franchise owner is called the “franchisee”. The company selling its name is the “franchiser”. The franchiser brings experience, equipment, and a business plan to the deal. The franchisee puts up the money and does all the work. On the negative side, the franchiser gives up some control by not owning each restaurant or store directly. The franchisee gives up her or his ability to make personal decisions because she or he has to obey the rules of the company.
(Note: Answer the question or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS.)
小題1:Fast food chains hire teenagers because ________________________________________.
小題2:Fast food restaurants used to find its location according to _________________________.
小題3:According to the author, what’s the philosophy behind franchises?
小題4:What is the advantage of franchise to the franchisee?

Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for just three days!
The first day would be a busy one. I should call to me all my dear friends and look long into their faces, imprinting(銘記) upon my mind the outward evidences of the beauty that is within them, I should let my eyes rest, too, on the face of a baby, so that I could catch a vision of the eager, innocent beauty which precedes the individual's consciousness of the conflicts which life develops.
And I should like to look into the loyal, trusting eyes of my dogs--the serious, clever little Scottie, Darkie, and the strong, understanding Great Dane, Helga, whose warm, tender, and playful friendships are so comforting to me.
On that busy first day I should also view the small simple things of my home. I want to see the warm colors in the carpets under my feet, the pictures on the walls, the lovely small furniture that transforms a house into home. My eyes would rest respectfully on the books in dot-raised type which I have read, but they would be more eagerly interested in the printed books which seeing people can read, for during the long night of my life the books I have read and those which have been read to me have built themselves into a great shining lighthouse, showing me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit.
In the afternoon of that first seeing day, I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate (使陶醉) my eyes on the beauties of the world of Nature trying desperately to absorb in a few hours the vast brilliance which is presenting itself to those who can see. On the way home from my woodland trip, my path would lie close to a farm so that I might see the patient horses ploughing in the field and the peaceful content of men living close to the soil. And I should pray for the glory of a colorful sunset.
When dusk had fallen, I should experience the double delight of being able to see by artificial light which the genius of man has created to extend the power of his sight when Nature brings darkness.
In the night of that first day of sight, I should not be able to sleep, so full would be my mind of the memories of the day!
(by Helen Keller)

What Helen Keller would do on the first day (1) _________ given three days to see
In the morning	●  Look long into the faces of all her dear friends so that she would never (2) _______ the evidences of their beauty. ●  Catch a vision of the eager, innocent beauty of a baby by resting her  eyes on his face. ●  Look into the loyal, trusting eyes of her (3) _________ ●  View the small simple things of her home such as warm colors, pictures, trifles. ●  Fix her eyes with (4)_____ on the books in raised type she has read and the printed books for seeing people with interest.
In the afternoon	● (5) _________ in the woods; intoxicate her eyes on the beauties of the world of Nature and absorb in a few hours the vast brilliance of the world. ●  Walk (6) ________ a farm, see the patient horses ploughing in tile field and the peaceful content of men living close to the soil. ●  Pray for the glory of a colorful sunset.
In the (7)_______	Experience the double delight of being able to see, (8)___________ by man-made light.
At night	(9) _________ to sleep, so full would be her mind of the memories of the day!
From the passage we know in spite of her (10)____________ Helen Keller was still full of love for life.

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意:請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。
“Happiness Advantage” Effect
In July 2010 Burt’s Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex ( 大腦皮層), which is responsible for effective problem solving.
Burt’s Bees’s then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he’d send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. He’d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company’s values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang’s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.
That outcome shouldn’t surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set (思維模式), performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity, involvement— improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a promotion, I’ll be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit my sales target, I’ll feel great. ”But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last long.
In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the “ happiness advantage”—every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I’ve observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I’m not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.
Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one’s general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress—all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中由兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness?小題1:The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.
lMake a plan for achieving goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.
lSurround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively(消極地) when you are surrounded by people who think that way.小題2:
lWhen something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people don’t allow setbacks(挫折) to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the things back to their favor.
l小題3:These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.
l小題4:Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously(下意識(shí)地) putting yourself in a better mood.
lFinding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.
lKeeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 小題5:

A．What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.

B．On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy， their emotional state will be easily passed to you.

C．Being overweight or not eating foods containing nutrition have a negative effect on your mood.

D．These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves.

E.Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.
F.There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.
G.It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.

[1] Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
[2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too！“
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when _______, because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes’!”
小題1:For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead?(no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題2:What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ （no more than 6 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題3:According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down?(no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題4:How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company?(no more than 5 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題5:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.
_______________________________________________________________________________

閱讀下面短文并回答問(wèn)題
[1]Stamp collectors usually collect stamps only from certain countries or regions. The traditional method of stamp collecting is to organize stamp collection according to the issue dates.
[2]Of course, there are many ____________. You can collect stamps relating to a particular theme. For example, sport lovers may choose the Olympic theme. They try their best to find Olympic stamps issued by various parts of the world every four years. Some of them may want to concentrate on even more specific sport activities like ball games, gymnasium, swimming, etc.
[3]If you like astronomy, you may be keen on collecting stamps describing the stars, planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc. once you have fixed the topic, you no longer need to bother about stamps other than the theme you selected. Then, you can put all your effort to collect the stamps around it.
[4]China issues zodiac animal stamps (十二生肖郵票) every year to celebrate the Lunar New Year. They are extremely popular and a lot of collectors wait patiently for 12 years to collect a full set of them. Hong Kong’s Lunar New Year special stamp series began in 2000 with the Year of Dragon and the twelfth and final set was issued in 2011, the Year of Rabbit. Recently some Western countries have issued zodiac animal stamps, which attract a lot of attention as well.
[5]You may choose any theme you like. However, you should bear in mind an essential point. The topic you choose should not be too narrow. Otherwise, it is very difficult to accumulate stamps around the topic. You will be depressed and even lose your interest in collecting stamps.
[6]Collecting stamps with themes is especially popular among teenagers because there is a wide range of choices for them. The main challenge is how you organize and expand your collection around your theme.
小題1:What is the main idea of the passage? （no more than 5 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
小題2:Fill in the blanks in Paragraph 2 with proper words． （no more than 5 words）
Of course, there are many ____________________________________________.
小題3:What should you do if you want to collect a full set of zodiac animal stamps? （no more than 7 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題4:List the three general themes in collecting stamps mentioned in the passage． （3 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題5:What does the word "them" （Line2, Paragraph6） probably refer to? （1 word）
_______________________________________________________________________________