Scientists have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes， worries over smoking， eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern.   The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death， scientists say. However， the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ， which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes， which are found in 10 percent of young people， but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York， led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old， and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (變異) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan. Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases， allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems， a researcher at University College London， believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (長(zhǎng)壽) then we can... target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing，” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that， then we are obliged to take it.”
小題1:Which genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age？ (No more than 3 words) (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________　
小題2: Whom did Barzilai’s team study？ (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________
小題3: What can greatly increase a person’s lifespan？ (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________
小題4:What can scientists do if they are aware which genes control longevity？(No more than 6 words) (3 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________.　

閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)要求完成文章后的題目。
Chatting online can be great fun，but remember, you never really know who you are talking to online．It could be someone trying to trick you，some kind of weirdo（古怪的人），or someone really dangerous．Here are some tips to help you keep safe：
●  1. Never use your real name in chat rooms．
●  2. Never tell anyone personal things about yourself or your family—like your address or telephone number ，or the school or clubs you go to．That goes for sending them photos as well（that way if you don’t want to hear from them again，you only have to log off.） Remember, even if somebody tells you about themselves，never tell them things about you.
●  3. If you arrange to meet up with someone you’ve only spoken to once, remember that they might not be who they said they were，so only meet people in public places and take along an adult.
●   4. Never respond to nasty（淫穢的）or rude messages，and never send any either! If you feel uncomfortable about the way a conversation is going，or if it’s getting really personal，save a record of it and stop the conversation．That way you can show someone and ask what they think．
●  5. Be careful with any emails or links that people send you，they might contain nasty （淫穢的）pictures，or computer “viruses” that could ruin your computer．So if you____________                    , don’t open it．
71．小題1:What is the best title of the passage? （Please answer within 10 words）
__________________       ___________________________________________
72．小題2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
The person you are talking to online may mean to do harm to you．
_____________________________________________________________________
73．小題3:Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（Please answer within 10 words．）
_____________   ____________________________________________________
74．小題4:Which of the suggestions do you think is the best for you? Why? （Please answer within 30 words．）
_____________________________________________________________________
75．小題5:Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese．

閱讀下面短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文后的要求進(jìn)行答題。（請(qǐng)注意問題后的字?jǐn)?shù)要求）
[1] When it comes to protecting the privacy of their children，US parents give social networks a failing grade.
[2] Three out of four parents believe social networks are not doing a good job of protecting kids’online privacy. The survey was conducted for Common Sense Media，a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping families surf the world of media and technology. 92 percent of parents said they are concerned that children share too much information online，and 85 percent said they are more concerned about online privacy than they were five years ago.
[3] The poll found a great deal of concern about geo-location services which pinpoint someone’s whereabouts.91 percent of parents said search engines and social networking sites should not be able to share the physical location of children with other companies until parents give authorization.
[4] The results present a clear divide between the industry’s view of privacy and the opinion of parents and kids. Common Sense Media chief executive and founder James Steyer said：“American families are deeply worried about how their personal information is being used by technology and online companies. However， the companies appear to be keeping their heads deep in the sand.”
[5] Technology companies need to step up but parents，children，schools and government also need to do more，he said.“Parents and kids have to educate themselves about             ，”he said.“Schools should teach all students and their parents about privacy protection. And finally， policymakers have to update privacy policies for the 21st century.”
小題1:What is the main idea of the passage？(within 10 words)
                                                                               
小題2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one？
The survey shows that common people and the industry have different opinions about privacy.
                                                                              
                                                                              
小題3:Please translate the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese.
                                                                               
小題4:Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words to make the sentence complete.（with in 10 words）
                                                                               
小題5:Please give the readers at least three tips on protecting their privacy on line.（within 30 words）
①                                                                             
②                                                                             
③                                                                             

閱讀下面的短文，并將答案寫在答卷上。
Chat rooms and messaging can be great fun，but remember, you never really know who you are talking to online．It could be someone trying to trick you，some kind of weirdo（古怪的人），or someone really dangerous．Here are some tips to help you keep safe：
●  Never use your real name in chat rooms—pick a special online nickname．
●  Never tell anyone personal things about yourself or your family—like your address or telephone number ，or the school or clubs you go to．That goes for sending them photos as well. Remember, even if somebody tells you about themselves，never tell them things about you.
● If you want to meet someone you’ve only spoken to once, remember that they might not be who they said they were. Only meet people in public places and take along an adult—they should do this too，because they don’t know who you really are either!
●     Never respond to nasty（淫穢的）or rude messages，and never send any either! If you feel suspicious or uncomfortable about the way a conversation is going，or if it’s getting really personal，save a record of it and stop the conversation．That way you can show someone and ask what they think．
●  Be careful with any email attachments（附件）or links that people send you，they might contain nasty images，or computer “viruses” that could ruin your PC．So if _______ who it’s from，don’t open it．
小題1:What is the best title of the passage?（Please answer within 10 words）
_________________________________________________________________
小題2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
The person you are talking to online may mean to do harm to you．
_____________________________________________________________________
小題3:Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（Please answer within 4 words．）
_________________________________________________________________
小題4:Which of the suggestions do you think is the best for you? Why?（Please answer within 30 words．）
                                                                          
小題5:Translate the underlined sentence in the third tip into Chinese．
                                                                    

Lang Lang is a world-class young pianist who grew up in Shenyang. He went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight. “You need luck,” his father said. “But if you don’t work hard, no fortune will come.”
What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didn’t like him. “You have no talent. You will never be a pianist.” As a nine-year-old boy, Lang Lang was badly hurt. He decided that he didn’t want to be a pianist any more. For the next two weeks, he didn’t touch the piano. Wisely, his father didn’t push, but waited.
Luckily, the day came when his teacher asked him to play some holiday songs. He didn’t want to, but as he placed his fingers in the piano keys, he realized that he could show others that he had talent after all. That day he told his father what he had been waiting to hear---that he wanted to study with a new teacher. From that point on, everything turned around.
He started to win competitions and then became famous at home and abroad. Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune finds him, and lets him shine.
 
小題1: Which city is Lang Lang’s hometown? （用完整句子回答）
__________________________________________________________________
小題2: Which word has the same meaning as “l(fā)uck” (in the first paragraph) in the article?
__________________________________________________________________
小題3:Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________
小題4: Lang Lang’s father is a ________ father, who is different from other fathers. (此空填一詞）
小題5:How do you understand “a good teacher”? （用定語從句回答）
__________________________________________________________________

The computer makes doing schoolwork easier for me than it was for my mom and dad. For example, when writing book reports and stories, I use Microsoft Word instead of a pen and paper. That way, after my teacher checks my work, I can go back and make revisions without having to rewrite the whole thing. And Microsoft Word has a spell check! I use it all the time.
For English class, we are reading The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton. As pre-reading homework, my teacher asked us to research teenage groups on the Internet. I tried Google, Encarta, and Yahoo first, and finally found an article on Time. com .
For geography homework on the United States, I used Encarta to learn about the Mississippi River. I needed to find out how deep the river is, how its widths and depths are different, what states it runs through, and what kinds of fish live in it. I used the information to show how the geography of a country influences its economy. For example, the river’s trade paths, the number of fish caught in it and the tourists it attracts directly affect Southerners’ jobs and incomes.
I never go to the library to do research. It takes too much time. Since I live in New York City and both my parents work, getting to the library isn’t always easy. For a big task or research project, I used to stay at the library to read, or sign out whatever books or magazines I needed. Now being able to find the information in my own living room makes everything a lot simpler. Online dictionaries and encyclopedias (百科全書) also save time.
Sometimes, I think the computer spoils my generation because it is so easy --- at least physically. But computers are not like television, which does the thinking for you. You still have to use your mind. I prefer using a computer, easy, fun, and fast.
小題1:What does the writer use when he writes book reports and stories? (no more than 3 words)
小題2:Why doesn’t the writer go to the library to do research? (no more than 6 words)
小題3:How does the writer complete a big assignment or research project at present? (no more than 10 words)
小題4:Why does the author prefer using a computer? (no more than 11 words)

Walking in any high school during the first class in the morning, you will find many students are struggling to stay awake.
“They’re sitting in the classroom, but their heads are at home on the pillows,” said a teacher from a high school.
Don’t blame them; blame the clocks in their brains. A research suggests that biological clocks make teens stay up at night and sleep in the morning.
During the first several weeks of school, students are more likely to lack sleep. In the holidays, students can sleep eight hours a night, but during the school days, they sleep only about six hours on average. Students lose 10 hours’ sleep a week. This may affect their school performances and leads to poor health.
Scientists in the US did research to reset teenagers’ biological clock to help them fall asleep earlier. They found the brain can produce a chemical that helps sleep. But it comes out only in the dark. So they use a special light in the classroom to try to force a reset of the students’ biological clock.
The research failed in the end. So some schools in the US tried to reset their school time from 7:25 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. The results seemed to be good.
小題1:What can you see while walking in high schools in the early morning ? (no more than 7 words    2 分)
小題2:Why are students so sleepy in the first class ? ( no more than 6 words  3分)
小題3:During the school days, how many hours of sleep do the students lose every month?
( no more than 2 words   2分)
小題4:What suggestion will the scientists give to high schools? ( no more than 4 words 3分)

Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
In tomorrow’s offices, there will be more bosses and fewer assistants. New technologies have made clerical work so efficient that fewer workers are necessary, so one assistant may serve bosses.
Bosses in the United States are spending twice as much time resolving employee disputes as they did just a decade ago. Corporate downsizing has made workers more insecure and competitive, increasing the number of personality conflicts that managers are forced to settle.
Fighting age bias(偏見) may be a critical workplace issue of the future. As companies depend on older, more experienced workers to solve labour shortages in the next century, managers will need to overcome the view that older workers are less productive, less flexible, and more expensive.
Electronic networking will give more power to workers at the bottom of the corporate pecking order(等級(jí)排序). Computer networks allow employees to skip over chains of command and communicate directly with senior managers. The relative anonymity(匿名) of electronic communications will make low-status individuals more relaxed about expressing their points of view and offering valuable new ideas.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN ELEVEN WORDS.)
小題1:Fewer workers are necessary in the future due to
                                                                                                                                 .
小題2:Employee disputes mainly arise from the fact that
                                                                                                                                 .
小題3:What kind of view do many managers hold about older workers now?
                                                                                                                                 .
小題4:How could electronic networking give more power to low-status workers?
                                                                                                                                 .

Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words:
Just Ask Grandma
We read and hear a lot about healthy eating in newspapers and on TV nowadays. Experts and nutritionists tell us what to eat, when to eat and how to eat to stay healthy, Some of the their advice seems reasonable. Some just sounds strange. Who can we rely on?
Well, ask yourself another question: How did people choose foods and stay healthy before there were nutrition experts? We relied on culture, which is another way of saying: on tradition and common sense.
All of us carry around rules of thumb about eating that have been passed down in our families or plucked（采集） from culture. Earlier this year, US writer Michael Pollen posted a request about these rules on The New York Times website. Within days, he received more than 2,500 responses. Not all of them have stood the test of time or been confirmed by science, but all of them have something to teach us, Pollen said.
Here are some of Pollen’s favorites:
My parents are both from Italy, and one of our family rules was that you could not leave the table until you had finished your fruit. It was a great way to put fruit into our diets and also helped satiate（滿足）our sweet tooth, keeping us away from less healthful sweets. – Marta C. Larusso
From my Romanian grandmother: “Breakfast, you should eat alone. Lunch, you should share with a friend. Dinner, give to your enemy.” – Irina A. Dumitrescu
Don’t eat anything that took more energy to ship than to grow. – Carrie Cizauskas
“It’s better to pay the grocer（食品商） than the doctor” was the saying that my Italian grandmother would frequently use to remind us of the love and attention to detail that went in to her cooking – John Forti
If you are not hungry enough to eat an apple, then you are not hungry. – Emma Fogt
“Make and take your own lunch to work.” My father has always done this, and so have I. It saves money and you know what you are eating. – Hope Donovan Rider
Never eat something that is pretending to be something else, e.g.: chocolate-flavor sauce that doesn’t contain chocolate. – Sonya Legg
小題1:Other than health experts, which other sources are there for us to turn to for advice on diet?
小題2:What does the underlined sentence imply?
小題3:According to Marta C. Larusso, we can both satiate our sweet tooth and keep away from less healthful sweets by_________________________________
小題4:What did John Forti’s grandmother mean when she said, “It’s better to pay the grocer than the doctor.”?

Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Indian’s snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlife teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being lost. The charmers， who make snakes dance to the sound of flutes， used to be a traditional feature of Indian life， performing in towns and villages， until they were banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.
The government is now considering a plan to train the saperas， as they are known， to visit schools and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a proposal to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with unwelcome intruders.
“For generations they have been a feature of Indian life but now they can’t earn a living for fear of arrest，” said Behar Dutt， a conservationist behind the plans， “if a policeman doesn’t catch them， animal rights activists report them.”
Many snake charmers have continued to work clandestinely(暗中地) since the ban， despite the threat of up to three years in jail. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets， hung from a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders， make them an easy target for police.
The fate of Shisha Nath， 56， from Badarpur， a village just outside of New Delhi， is typical of practitioners(從業(yè)者) of the dying art. “I used to earn enough to support my family and send my children to school，” he said. “Now it’s hard to earn even $1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It’s our identity. We love the work. But it’s become impossible.”
Next month Dutt’s project to train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune， western India， where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.
More than the law， though， it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countrymen that anger many snake charmers.
“We’re disturbed all the time but when people want a snake removed from the house， they rush to us，” said Prakash Nath， who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia Gandhi， the Congress party leader.
小題1: What do snake charmers usually do in India？ (no more than 8 words) (2 marks)
小題2: How long will a saperas be in prison if he is caught during the ban？ (no more than 3 words) (2 marks)
　
小題3:For what purpose will snake charmers in India be retrained as wildlife teachers？(no more than 10 words) (3 marks)
　
小題4:According to the passage， what will make snake charmers angry？ (no more than 11 words) (3 marks)