2009高三英語詞法類復(fù)習(xí)
一. 冠 詞
1. 冠詞的泛指和特指用法
泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修飾語在其后加以限定意義的人或事物．也可以是指說話者雙方心目中所默認(rèn)的特指的人或事物。冠詞的泛指和特指用法可歸納為下表：
單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞一定要用冠詞 泛指單一，每一，仁義事物
指類別
特指 上文提到過的事物
被限制性修飾語所限定的事物
說話雙方所默認(rèn)的事物
世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物
指類別
復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 特指 上文提到過的事物
被限制性修飾語所限定的事物
說話雙方所默認(rèn)的事物
零冠詞 泛指的一些事物
指類別
不定冠詞修飾可數(shù)名詞．其意思為"一個"；定冠詞既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，往往表特指．其意思相當(dāng)于"這個"，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞只要不用在抽象化的語境中，一定要加冠詞(或者加不定冠詞，或者加定冠詞)。這時不妨可用"一個"或"這個(種)"來檢驗。
（1）---Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.
---Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
（2）Most animal have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; /
2．不定冠詞a(n)的幾種特殊用法
（1）不定冠詞a(n)用于有或沒有形容詞修飾的抽象名詞前。
Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
許多人都持相同的看法，在當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易交往中，英語知識是必備的知識。
（2）不定冠詞s(n)用于有形容詞修飾的一日二餐前。
Before I go to work every morning, I've a light breakfast.
我每天早晨上班前．吃點(diǎn)簡單的早餐。
（3）不定冠詞a(n)用于有形容詞修飾的季節(jié)、日期前。
The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.
車禍?zhǔn)?月底的一個星期天發(fā)生的。
（4）不定冠詞a(n)用于序數(shù)詞前，表示一次，又一。
How important it is to learn a second language!
再學(xué)一門語言是多么重要啊!
（5）不定冠詞a(n)表示"per"的意思。
His income is one thousand yuan a month.
他的月收入是1000元。
（6）不定冠詞a(n)用于有g(shù)ood／great many修飾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。
I've visited the Great Wall a good many times.
我參觀過長城好多次。 '
（7）不定冠詞a(n)用于形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義仍為單數(shù)的名詞前。
A thousand miles is a good distance.
一千英里是相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的距離。
（8）不定冠詞a(n)用于一些原來是動詞的名詞前。
Let's have a walk around the playground after supper.
晚飯后，讓我們圍著操場散步吧!
（9）有一些抽象名詞：advice(忠告)，behavior(行為)，fortune(運(yùn)氣)，fun(娛樂)，information(情報)，progress(進(jìn)步)，damage(損害)，harm(傷害)等，即使被形容詞修飾，也不加不定冠詞。
Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign language well.
卡爾?馬克思就怎樣學(xué)好外語，提出了許多建議。
（10）用在某些固定詞組中。
A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(實際上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(簡言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(幫忙), pay a visit to(訪問), as a rule(慣例), as a whole(總之), in a day or two(一兩天), in a way(在某種程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(與…交談), make a living(謀生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座)), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遺憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(頭痛、發(fā)燒)), many a(許多), catch a cold(感冒).
3．用冠詞與不用冠詞的差異
在某些習(xí)慣用語中，用還是不用冠詞，意義不同，有時甚至差別很大，使用時要特別注意。
at table 進(jìn)餐
at the table 在桌子旁
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里
by sea 乘船（由海路）
by the sea 在海邊
go to sea 當(dāng)水手
go to the sea 去海邊
in future 從今以后，將來
in the future 未來
on earth 究竟
on the earth 在地球上，在世上
go to school (church…) 上學(xué)（做禮拜…）
go to the school (church…) 到學(xué)校（教堂）去
in front of 在…（外部的）前面
in the front of 在…（內(nèi)部的）前面
on horseback 騎著馬
on the horseback 在馬背上
take place 發(fā)生
take the place of 代替
two of us 我們當(dāng)中的兩人
the two of us 我們兩人（共計兩人）
out of question 毫無疑問，一定（巧記：無the無問題）
out of the question 不可能（巧記：有the有問題）
on the whole = in general 大體上，一般地
as a whole = altogether 全部地，整體
A most important meeting 一個重要的會議
the most important meeting 最重要的會議
A third time 又一次
the third time 第三次
at a distance 稍遠(yuǎn)一些
in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處
A number of 許多
the number of …的數(shù)目
for a moment 一會兒
for the moment 目前，暫時
be in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)…
be in the charge of 由…負(fù)責(zé)，在…掌管之下
by day 在白天
by the day 按日計算
in possession of 擁有
in the possession of 為…所有
in sight of 能看見
in the sight of 據(jù)…的見解
in place of 代替
in the place of 在…的地方
be of age 成年
be of an age 同齡
take advice 征求意見
take the advice 聽從勸告
He is still in office. 他仍在執(zhí)政
He is still in the office. 他仍在辦公室里
1. Paper money was in _____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _____thirteenth century.
A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /
2. It is not rare in _____ that people in _____ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s; their B. the 90s; / C. 90s; . D. the 90s; their
3. Summer in _____ south of France are for _____ most part dry and sunny.
A. /; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the
4. Most animals have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they hunt
them for food.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; he
5. Mr. Smith, there's a man at _____ front door who says he has _____ news for you of great
importance.
A. file: / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; the
6. The warmth of _____ sweater will of course be determined by the short of _____ wood used.
A. the; file B. die; / C. /; / D. /;/
7. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _____ leg.
A. a B one C. the D. his
8. I don't like talking on _____ telephone. I prefer writing _____ letters.
A. a; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; /
9. Jumping out of _____ airplane at ten thousand that is quite _____.exciting experience.
A. /; the B. /; an C. an; an D. the; the
10. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basic word
formation.
A. / B. the C. a D. one
11. The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have _____ third one because _____ second one is rather too
small
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
12. There' s _____ dictionary on _____ desk by your side.
A, a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
13. ---Where is my blue shirt?
---It' s in the washing machine. You have to wear _____ different one.
A. any B. the C. a D. other
14. The sign reads "In case of _____ fire, break the glass and push _____ red button.
A. /; a B. /; the C. the; the D. a; a
15. I earn 10 dollars _____ hour as _____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the
二.名詞
一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1.可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)變化形式
（1）規(guī)則變化。
①單數(shù)名詞詞尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh結(jié)尾的單詞一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。
特例：stomach - stomaches。
③以"輔音字母 + y"結(jié)尾的變"y"為"i"再加"-es"。如：
baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。
④以"o"結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以兩個元音字母結(jié)尾的名詞和部分外來詞中以o結(jié)尾的詞只加-s。 如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。
⑤以"f"或"fe"結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變"f"或"fe"為"v"，之后再加-es。如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。
⑥改變元音字母的。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet,
woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。
⑦復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。（A）在復(fù)合詞中最后名詞尾加-s。如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - book-
stores。（B）man和woman作定語修飾另一個名詞時，前后兩個名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women dri-
vers。（C）與介詞或副詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)在主體名詞部分加-s。如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。
⑧有的名詞有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：zero - zeros 、zeroes, deer -
deers 、deer。penny的兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式含義有所不同。如：pence（便士的錢數(shù)），pennies(便士的枚數(shù))。
（2）不規(guī)則變化。
①單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,
Japanese, sheep, works（工廠）,cattle。
②合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中間人)，grown-up - grown-ups。
③有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：glasses眼鏡，clothes衣服，goods
貨物，trousers褲子，belongings所有物,wages工資，riches財富, surroundings環(huán)境，ashes灰塵, campasses圓規(guī)，cattle家畜，congratulations祝賀，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高熱情地，give one's regards to sb.向某人問侯，in rags衣衫破爛，It is good manners to do sth.有禮貌做某事。
④集體名詞的數(shù)。有些集體名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：people,
cattle, police; 有些名詞只用作單數(shù)，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)看做整體，復(fù)數(shù)看做集體的各個成員。如：The crew is large.船員人數(shù)很多（指整體）；The crew are all tired.船員們都累壞了（個體）。
2、不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)
（1）一般說來抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的東西時，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類型如下：
①抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如：
抽象名詞（不可數(shù)） 具體化（個體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）
in surprise驚訝地 a surprise一件令人驚訝的事
win success獲得成功 a success一個(件)成功的人(事)
win honor贏得榮譽(yù) an honor一個(件)引以為榮的(事)
Failure(失敗)is the mother of success a failure失敗者
失敗是成功之母。
by experience靠經(jīng)驗 an experience一次經(jīng)歷
youth青春 a youth一個青年人
have pity on sb.憐憫某人 a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure樂意 a pleasure樂事
②抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?
It is waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類之多時，可以用作可數(shù)名詞。如：
①物質(zhì)名詞有形或數(shù)的相應(yīng)物體，有單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些飲料, a drink一杯飲料，three drinks三杯飲料，his hair他的頭發(fā)，a few grey hairs幾根白發(fā)，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物質(zhì)名詞有前置后置修飾時，前面要使用不定冠詞。
have breakfast The road is covered with snow.
have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
(3)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞
①有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，起到一種豐富語言感情色彩或強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。如：
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow's meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.
②有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
3.名詞所有格
（1）"'s"所有格的特殊表示形式有：
3 用于表示時間、距離、價格、重量等的名詞后，如：today's
newspaper,five minutes'walk(drive),five pounds'weight, tend
ollars'worth of coffee。
②用于表示國家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后。如：the earth's planet, the word's population, China's industry, New York's parks。
（2）"of"所有格的特殊表示方式有：
①表示"部分"時，一般在所修飾的名詞前有一個表示數(shù)量的詞（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：Some students of Mister Zhang's have gone to college.
②表示"其中之一，其中一部分"的意思時，用：a friend of Tom's
湯姆的一個朋友（許多朋友中的一位）。
③表示贊揚(yáng)、批評或厭惡等感情色彩時，應(yīng)該用：that/this/these/
those + 名詞（單、復(fù)數(shù)）of Mary's/yours/his/hers。如：
That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那項發(fā)明是屬于全世界的（表贊賞）。
4、名詞作定語
英語中有些名詞沒有其對應(yīng)的同根形容詞，這些名詞可以直接用來作定語修飾另一個名詞。
（1）分類意義。
air pollution 空氣污染 boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得稅
tennis ball網(wǎng)球 song writer歌曲作家
body language身體語言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize諾貝爾獎
（2）時間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克醫(yī)生 Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music鄉(xiāng)村音樂
village people村民 school education學(xué)校教育
China problem中國問題
（3）表目的、手段、來源，所屬意義。
reception desk接待臺 sports field田徑場
stone table石桌 color TV彩電
weather report天氣預(yù)報
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案為D。當(dāng)名詞前有what、so、as、too、quite等詞修飾時，其形容詞被這些詞修飾，組成下列結(jié)構(gòu)，如：What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，應(yīng)采取too/how + 形容詞（副詞）+ a(an) + 名詞的形式。要記住一些類似的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，并加以分析。
2. The police are offering a _________to anyone who can give information about the lost key.
A.price B.prize C.reward D.money
解析：答案為C。price 價格，價錢；prize獎金。Ｄ項是錢，屬不可數(shù)名詞，題中所要填的是"酬金，報酬"。注意正確理解名詞的含義及其搭配是活用語言的基礎(chǔ)，在復(fù)習(xí)備考中要熟練掌握考綱中一些名詞的詞義、搭配、習(xí)慣等，才能更好辨析名詞，從而選擇最符合句意的選項。
3.You'll find this map of great ___________in helping you to get round London.
A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness
解析：答案為C。本題考查特定語境中名詞的詞義及"be of + 抽象名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。Price (價格)，cost（價錢，費(fèi)用，成本）不符合題意，value作"quality of being useful or desirable"解時，常與of搭配，在句中作表語或補(bǔ)語，意為"有用，有價值"。故選擇value。注意名詞詞義辨異及慣用法表達(dá)，題中"of + 抽象名詞"相當(dāng)于該名詞的形容詞形式。
練習(xí).名詞
1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves
2. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor
3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?
A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. potatoes, tomatoes
4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.
A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief's
B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief's
C. editors-in-chiefs, editor's-in-chief's
D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief's
5. The ant has two ____.
A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs
6. He doesn't like ____ for supper.
A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks
7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.
A. so B. such C. so as D. such a
8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound
10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.
A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattles
11. A number of soldiers ____ at the camp gate.
A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was
12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.
A. deal B. amount C. number D. size
13. ____ work has been done to improve the people's living standard.
A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of
14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.
A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands
15. Two ____, please.
A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee
16. I can't pay as ____ as he asked for.
A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price
17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly.
A. Man's B. Men's C. Mens' D. Person's
18.I stayed at ____.
A. Xiao Wang's B. Wang's home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang
19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory.
A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe's
20. Have you ever read ____?
A. today newspaper B. newspaper today
C. newspaper of today D. today's newspaper
21. Two ____ walk didn't made me tired.
A. hour B. hours C. hour's D. hours'
22. The mother over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary's
C. Julia's and Mary's D. Julia's and Mary
23. Li Ming's handwriting is better than ____ in the class.
A. anyone's B. anyone else C. anyone's else's D. anyone else's
24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.
A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand
25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____.
A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days.
A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel
27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.
A. information B. news C. message D. flash
28. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.
A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing
29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.
A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.
A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened
C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place
31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.
A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking
32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.
A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man
33. He was an ____ in the government ____.
A. office, official B. official, office
C. officer, office D. official, officer
34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.
A. character, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character
35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital.
A. every other days B. each other day
C. every other day D. every two day
36. My friend will return in ____.
A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days
37. ____ is always difficult for me.
A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation
38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.
A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation
39. The police ____ looking into the matter now.
A. be B. is C. are D. are going to
40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people.
A. the B. a C. / D. one
41. No news ____ good news.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.
A. looks B. seems C. is D. are
43. "Where ____ my trousers?" the boy asked.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.
A. in nice spirits B. in nice spiritC. in high spirits D. in high spirit
45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.
A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses
46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
47. We are ____ and they are ____. A. Englishmen, Germans
B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen
48. ____ are made of ____.
A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass
C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses
49. I'll have to buy ____ trousers.
A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of
50. There are two ____ in our class.
A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu's D. Lius'
51. ____ is needed in cold countries.
A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing
C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes
52. They are ____.
A. mathematics student B. mathematic students
C. students in mathematics D. mathematics students
53. The laboratory assistant recorded the ____ reactions（反應(yīng)）.
A. mouses' B. mice C. mices' D. mice's
54. This letter was sent by ____.
A. my father friend B. my father friend's
C. a friend of my father's D. a friend of my father
55. Ten years had passed. I found she had ____.
A. a little white hair B. some white hair
C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs
56. I have made ____ with Billy.
A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend
57. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi'an. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small
58. There are thirty-two ____ in our school.
A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers
59. He had tried everything but it made little______ .
A. use B. good C. difference D. result
60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no______ in sending the blood to the dying man.
A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry
61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______ .
A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value
62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my ______of spare time.
A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention
63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the______ .
A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course
64. One splendid mountain______ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.
A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene
65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
66. When you play' football, what ______do you play?
A. situation B. place C. part D. position
67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the______in language studies.
A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation
68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness.
A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation
69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good______ .
A. sight B. scene C. view D. look
70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______are widely used in the country.
A. energy B. force C. power D. materials
71. ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.
A. Contrast B. Competition
C. Contact D. Combination
72. We all know that______speak louder than words.
A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
三.代詞
1)人稱代詞：
人稱代詞分主格和賓格兩種，前者在句子中擔(dān)任主語，后者擔(dān)任動詞或介詞的賓語。They study German. / Please pass me the ruler.
①人稱代詞的用法：
a.當(dāng)代詞成對地使用或一個代詞與一個名詞搭配使用時，兩個部分的句法功能必須一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday.
It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me.
注:人稱代詞的排列一般為：第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱。
you, he and I them and us
如有其他代詞時，其他代詞排列于人稱代詞之后，如：he, I and some others
b.人稱代詞用作表語時，如說明主語，一般要用主格，如說明賓語則要用賓格。
If I were she, I would take your advice.
I would share the room with you if you were him.
②"It"的用法。
a.用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物。
Where is the cat? It's in the kitchen.
Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?
My book is missing. I can't find it anywhere.
b.用以代替指示代詞this, that。
What's this? -- It's a frog. /Whose pen is that? -- It's mine.
c.表示時間，天氣，距離等。
A lovely day, isn't it? /It's two o'clock.
It's about two li from here to our school.
d.用作形式主語，形式賓語，代替不定式短語，動名詞或從句。
It's no use talking with him about that.
It took me twenty minutes to get there.
We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.
e.用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分（通常是主語，賓語或狀語），常用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)"It is (was) + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + that(或who)…"。
It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.
It was in the classroom that he told me about it.
2)不定代詞：
①all / both
a.both用于兩個人或事物，all用于兩個以上的人或事物，均可作主語。
All (of us) like fruits. /Both (of them) are good at English.
b.用作同位語。作主語同位語時須注意它們的位置不同，位于行為動詞之前；位于be動詞之后。
They all (或both) agreed with me. /They are all (或both) very healthy.
I know them all (或both).
②one / it（人稱代詞）
one 代替可數(shù)名詞，表示上面所提到的那一類人或物中的一個，其復(fù)數(shù)形式帶定語時用ones，不帶定語時用some。而it則用于指代上文提到的那個表示物的名詞本身，既可指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞也可指不可數(shù)名詞。
I don't have a watch but I'm going to buy one（或some）.
I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.
③no one / none
no one 只用于指人，而none 既可指人也可指物。如果說"若干人（物）之中一個也不"，用"none of",后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語可以用復(fù)數(shù)，也可用單數(shù)；后接不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：
No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.
None of them have（或has）arrived yet.（不用no one）
None of the money is mine.
④some / any /no /every +（thing, one, body等。）
some 類用于肯定句，any類用于否定和疑問句。
I know nothing of what had happened to him.
I have little rice, so I can't lend you any.
She is going to buy some new dresses.
注:everyone和every one
前者意思是"每個人"，與everybody同義，后面不可跟of短語，后者意思是每個人或物，后面跟of短語。試比較：
everyone in the classroom（教室里的所有的人）
every one of the children（這些孩子中的每一個）
every one of the books（這些書中的每一本）
⑤部分否定與全部否定：
當(dāng)all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整體意義的代詞與否定詞連用時，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部否定，應(yīng)該用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.
All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有學(xué)生上課都遲到的。
(現(xiàn)代英語中常寫成：Not all the students were late for the class.）
None of the students were late for the class.沒有一個學(xué)生上課遲到的。
3)疑問代詞：
用于構(gòu)成特殊疑問句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容詞特征，可以和名詞連用。
What job do you want to find? /Whose girl is she?
Which subject is your best one?
所有疑問代詞都可以起名詞作用，在句子中擔(dān)任成分。
Who told you? /Whom are you waiting for?
Whose are those books?
在學(xué)習(xí)疑問代詞時，對以下幾組詞注意區(qū)別：
1 which和what
兩者均可與名詞連用，就人或物提問。但是which一般用于有一定選擇范圍的情況，what用于無選擇范圍或究竟是什么還不清楚的情況。
Which colour do you like-green, red, yellow or brown?
What colour is her dress?
What writers do you like best?
6 which和who 兩者都可作代詞，它們的區(qū)別是不管選擇的范圍是大還是小，which一般用作指物。
Which would you like to eat -steak or fish?
Who won the game -Smith or Johnson ?
當(dāng)有一定選擇范圍時，which one代替who作賓語.
Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?
Which of可和人稱代詞或指人的名詞連用,如：
Which of you has taken away my English book?
4)連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起連接作用外，還可以在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語，賓語，定語，表語等成分。如：
The question is who can operate the new machine.（引導(dǎo)表語從句--作主語）
They asked whose idea this was.（引導(dǎo)賓語從句--作定語）
When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.
（引導(dǎo)賓語從句--作定語）
I'll give my ticket to whoever wants it.
（這里whoever可看成"anyone who"，or"the person who"）.
試完成下列單項選擇題：
1.We couldn't eat in a restaurant because _______ of us had ______ money on us.
A.all, no B.any, no C.none, any D.no one, any
2.Few pleasures can equal ______ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A.some B.any C.that D.those
3.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A.where B.what C.how D.which
4.The Parkers bought a new house, but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.they B.it C.one D.which
5.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______.
A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
(答案1----
練習(xí) 代 詞
強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：
1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition.
A. any B. everyone C. either D. each
2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club.
A. each B. all C. every D. both
3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her.
A. It B. What C. That D. Such
4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now.
A. much B. some C. any D. very
5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ?
A. one B. other C. ones D. others
6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses.
A. much B. all C. neither D. none
7. I need some blue ink today but there is _____ at hand.
A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none
8. I found the very watch of mine _____ I had left _____ .
A. where, it B. that, it C. which, one D. where, one
9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to ____?
A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do them
10. -Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan. It can't be better than _____of him.
A. hers B. she C. that D. her
11. -Shall we introduce ____ fire-fighting equipment from abroad?
-Go ahead, if necessary.
A. other B. a few more C. another D. some other
12. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_____ at the other stores.
A. others B. it C. that D. the ones
13. -I dislike _____ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. -So do I.
A. them B. those C. it D. that
14. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_____. I prefer folk music.
A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither
15. Why don' t you trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _____ in the team.
A. nobody B. anybody else C. everybody D. somebody else
16. -Are the new methods taking any effect? -Yes,_____ articles are stolen from our supermarket.
A. few B. more C. some D. none
17. During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_____ brought the room to disorder.
A. it B. and which C. and that D. this
18. I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy_____ back.
A. one B. any C. it D. some
19. -Do you have _____ at home now? -No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables.
A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something
20. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes _____ will be a boy.
A. he B. that C. it D. there
21. Surely it's _____ with the big nose you mean, not ____!
A. he, I B. him, me C. him, I D. he, me
22. The temperature can fall to
A. Which B. It C. That D. This
23. -The exam was easy, wasn't it? -Yes, but I don' t think _____ could pass it.
A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody
24. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _____ half.
A. every B. each C. another D. either
25. _____ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _____ .
A. None, something B. Some, everything C. Few, something D. Few, nothing
26. -May I help you with some gloves, sir? -Yes, I'd like to try those blue ____.
A. one B. ones C. pair D. two
27. Of all my friends _____ will be able to persuade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it.
A. none B. nobody C. neither D. no one
28. -Is he content to accept our offered price?
-Yes. He cares more about the quality. Money is _____ to him.
A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
29. I have no idea which was better, so I took ____ of them.
A. both B. none C. all D. any
30. You mustn't always do _____ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
31. I'm no painter, and to me, one painting is much like .
A. another B. the other C. others D. one
32. I didn't want either of ____ hats and asked the salesman to show me_____.
A. those, another B. two, the other C. all, the others D. both, others
33. The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
34. Thank you very much indeed. That' s _____ of you.
A. kindest B. most kind C. the kinder D. the most kind
35. Jack is a very likable fellow, but I've learned to take _____ he says with a grain of salt.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
36. -I love you more than her, child. -You mean more than ____ love her or more than she loves ____?
A. you, me B. I, you C. you, you D. I, me
強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A
四.形容詞,副詞
要點(diǎn)1 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞時的語序
當(dāng)同時用幾個形容詞來修飾一個名詞時，一般可按照以下順序：限定詞-----描繪性形容詞-----大小、新舊、式樣-----顏色-----產(chǎn)地(國別)-----作定語的名詞----- 被修飾名詞。
如：
some lovely Chinese children
一些可愛的中國兒童(限定詞-----描繪性形容詞-----國別)
a small black leather handbag
一個小的黑色皮包(大小-----顏色-----作定語的名詞表示材料)
a red German sports car
一輛紅色的德國賽車(顏色-----國別-----作定語的名詞表示用途)
a small old stone bridge
一座老的小石橋(大小-----新舊-----作定語的名詞)
注意： 限定詞放在最前面，作定語的名詞緊靠被修飾詞；同種類的 形容詞，短在前、長在后，序數(shù)詞放在基數(shù)詞之前。如：
the first two books 最初兩本書
但是，這里所講的語序并不是一成不變的。
要點(diǎn)2 需放在被修飾語之后的形容詞
形容詞作定語，一般放在名詞的前面。但如果被修飾語是由some,any,every和no構(gòu)成的不定 代詞時，用作定語的形容詞必須放在它所修飾的詞后面，如：
There is nothing new in his report. 他的報告里沒有什么新東西 。
Is there anything important? 有什么重要的事情嗎?
He told me something very important. 他告訴我一些很重要的事。
There is nothing wrong with him. 他沒有錯。
So far nobody important has visited this place. 到目前為止，還 沒有重要人物來這兒看過。
注意： 英語中有些形容詞一般只能作表語，不能放在名詞前作定語 ，如以a-開頭的形容詞，afraid,asleep,alone,awake,alive。另外，ill,glad,sorry,sure,well也不能放在名詞前作定語。
注意： sick(患病)與ill不同，sick既可以作表語也可以作定語而ill則不能，試比較：
These children are ill/sick. 這些孩子病了。
The nurse is taking care of the sick children. 護(hù)士正在 照料患病的孩子們。(不能用ill)
另外，在度量衡用語中，形容詞通常放在度量單位之后。例如：
I'm 1.80 metres tall. 我身高
The room is 32 feet wide. 這間房子有32英尺寬。
要點(diǎn)3 三種要求形容詞作表語的系動詞
形容詞除與系動詞be連用作表語外，還可以與其他一些系動詞連用。
1) 表示一種特征、狀態(tài)、感覺的系動詞，如：
appear(顯得)，look(看似)，seem(似乎)，feel(覺得)，taste(嘗)，smell(聞)，sound(聽 )。
The meat tastes good. 這肉味道好。
He doesn't seem happy. 他似乎不高興。
I'm not feeling well today. 我今天不舒服。(well用作形容詞做 表語只能表示身體好)
2) 表示狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變的系動詞，意為"變得"、"變成"，如：become,get,grow,turn等。
It's getting(growing) dark. 天漸漸地黑了。
The hill has turned green. 山變綠了。
3) 表示保持某種狀態(tài)的系動詞，如：remain(仍然是)，keep(保持)等。
The problem remains unsolved. 問題仍然未解決。
Keep quiet,please! 請安靜!
要點(diǎn)4 某些以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
英語中有一些以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，不要誤以為是副詞。
deadly 致命的 friendly 友好的 lonely 孤單的
likely 可能的 lovely 可愛的 lively 愉快的
brotherly 兄弟般的 fatherly 父親似的 ugly 難看的
silly 愚蠢的
還有一些與時間有關(guān)的詞，雖以-ly結(jié)尾，但既可以用作形容詞又可以用作副詞，如：
daily 每日(的)
weekly 每周一次(的)
monthly 每月一次(的)
yearly 每年一次(的)
要點(diǎn)5 名詞用作形容詞
1) 名詞用來作定語修飾另一個名詞時，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，如：
ticket office 售票處
book store 書店
traffic accident 交通事故
table leg 桌子腿
2) 名詞用作形容詞修飾另一名詞時，一般都用單數(shù)形式，而且總是放在被修飾的名詞之前 。如：
shoe repairers 修鞋人
ring finger 無名指
wine glass 酒杯
cigarette lighter 打火機(jī)
也有一些是例外，如：
sports car 賽車
clothes shop 服裝店
arms production 武器生產(chǎn)?
注意： 名詞作定語與形容詞作定語意思相差較大。
gold ring 金戒指
golden ring 鍍金(金黃色)戒指stone wall 石墻
stony heart 鐵石心腸
colour TV set 彩色電視機(jī)
colourful life 多彩的生活
要點(diǎn)6 帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞
當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號連接時，其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式。主要有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1) 數(shù)詞+名詞。
a three-hour flight 一次三小時的飛行
a three-pound chicken 一個重
a two-hundred-metre bridge 一座二百米長的橋
a five-hundred-word letter 一封五百字的信?
2) 數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞。
a three-year-old boy 一個三歲的男孩
a fifty-metre-wide river 一條五
要點(diǎn)7 同形的副詞和形容詞
fast train 快車 hard workers 干活賣力的工人
run fast 跑得快 work hard 干活賣力，工作努力
right answer 正確的回答 enough food 足夠的食物
do everything right 樣樣事情做得對 large enough 足夠大
in the late afternoon 傍晚 in the early morning 一大早
work late 工作得晚 come early 來得早
其他如straight,wide,high,low也都能用作形容詞和副詞。例如：
He drew a straight line on the paper. 他在紙上劃了一條直線。
He went straight to the room. 他徑直朝那房子走去。
要點(diǎn)8 具有兩種形式的副詞
英語中有些副詞有兩種形式，但其意義不同。
The station is quite near. 車站就在附近。(near用作形容詞)
He lives near. 他就住在附近。(near用作副詞)
It's nearly nine o'clock. 將近九點(diǎn)鐘了。(nearly用作副詞，但其含義是：將近、幾乎)
The cake is hard. 這蛋糕太硬。 用作形容詞
The test is hard. 測驗太難。
He is a hard worker. 他是一個干活賣力的工人。
We all work hard. 我們都努力工作。(hard用作副詞)
I can hardly understand you. 我不太懂你的意思。 意為：幾乎不
There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空幾乎沒有云彩。
He is late. 他遲到了。(late用作形容詞)
He went to bed late last night. 他昨晚很晚才睡覺。(late用作副詞)
Have you seen her lately? 你最近看見過她嗎?(lately意為：最近)
注意： 除上述幾個詞外，英語中還有一些具有兩種形式的副詞。如：
deep 深--deeply 深深地
high 高--highly 高度地
wide 寬--widely 廣泛地
He jumps higher than I. 他比我跳得高。
We think highly of our teacher. 我們對我們的老師評價很高。
He opened all the windows wide to let the fresh air in. 他把所有的窗戶開得很大，好讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。
She is widely known in China. 她在中國的知名度很高。
要點(diǎn)9 形容詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成?
1) 單音節(jié)形容詞加-er和-est構(gòu)成其比較級和最高級。
strong--stronger--the strongest
new--newer--the newest
閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er和-est。
如：big--bigger--biggest，hot--hotter--hottest，thin--thinner--thinnest。
2) 三音節(jié)或三音節(jié)以上的形容詞前加more和most，構(gòu)成其比較級和最高級。
interesting--more interesting--the most interesting
important--more important--the most important?
3) 雙音節(jié)形容詞中，一般以-y,-er,-ow,-ple等結(jié)尾的詞加-er,-est。
pretty--prettier--the prettiest 漂亮的
clever--cleverer--the cleverest 聰明的
simple--simpler--the simplest 簡單的
narrow--narrower--the narrowest 狹窄的
常用的詞有：easy(容易)，lazy(懶)，happy(快樂的)，funny(有趣的)。
4) 以-ful,-ing結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞一般加more/most。
doubtful--more doubtful--the most doubtful
注意： 英語中，有些雙音節(jié)形容詞可以加more/most，也可以加-er ，-est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級，常見的詞有：friendly,clever,narrow,common。
要點(diǎn)10 副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成?
1) 副詞比較級和最高級形式通常由加more和most構(gòu)成。例如：
quickly--more quickly--most quickly
slowly--more slowly--most slowly?
2) 與形容詞同形的副詞，其構(gòu)成方式與相應(yīng)的形容詞相同。例如：
fast--faster--fastest
hard--harder--hardest
early--earlier--earliest
要點(diǎn)11 少數(shù)形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級是不規(guī)則的。
原級 比較級 最高級
good
}
well
better best
bad
}
ill
badly
worse worst
many
}
much
more most
little less least
oldest
eldest
要點(diǎn)12 同等程度比較的要點(diǎn)
1) as…as 之間一定要用形容詞或副詞原形，如：
I am as old as you. 我和你年齡一樣大。
Tom works as hard as Mary. 湯姆和瑪麗工作一樣努力。
注意："as……as"可用almost,quite,just,just about,nearly,twice,by no means(根本)修飾，置于"as……as"之前。
2) so用以替代第一個as時，只能用于否定句，如：
John is not as/so clever as Jack. 約翰不像杰克那樣聰明。
He doesn't read as/so clearly as she. 他讀得不像她那樣清楚。She didn't sing as/so well that night as she usually does. 她那天晚上唱得沒有平 時好。
3) as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as，而as many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as。
Bob has read as many books as Mary. 鮑伯和瑪麗讀了一樣多的書。
There is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle. 這瓶子里的水和那瓶子里的水一樣多。
4)as+adj.+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+as
German is as difficult a language as English.
as+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+as
Bread is as important food as rice.
要點(diǎn)13 不同程度比較的要點(diǎn)?
1) 要用"比較級+than"的結(jié)構(gòu)。
I am taller than Tom(is). 我比湯姆高。
Mary works harder than John(does). 瑪麗比約翰工作努力。
This city is more beautiful than that(city). 這城市比那城市更美麗。
You look younger than before. 你看起來比以前年輕。
2) 比較級前可用much,far,a lot,a little,a bit,rather，even,still,a great deal等表示程度，但比較級 前不能再用more。
She sings far/much better than the others. 她唱得比 別人好得多。(better本身就是比較級，不能用far/much more better)
Your book is far/much more interesting than his. 你 的書要比他的書有趣得多。 (其中more interesting是比較級，far/much用以修飾more interesting表示程度)
Now I read a little faster than before. 現(xiàn)在我讀得比過去稍快一點(diǎn)。
表示不同程度比較時，句子主語不能包括在比較對象的范圍之內(nèi)。
any other student
anyone else
all the other students
any of the other students
他比 班上其他學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)用功。(他本身也是學(xué)生不能用any students來表示比較對象 的范圍)
注意： any other加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，all the other加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 。試比較：
The moon is closer to us than any star/stars.月亮距離我們比任何恒星都近。 (月亮不是恒星，因此用any star/stars并沒有把主語包括在比較對象的范圍之內(nèi))
China is larger than any country/countries in Africa. 中國比 非洲的任何國家大。
Chi na is larger than any other country in Asia. 中國比 亞洲的任 何國家大。(中國是亞洲國家之一，因而不能用any country/countries)
3) 比較的對象要一致，一般說來同等的兩個事物才能比較，如： Tom's bike is more expensive than Jim's(=Jim's bike). 湯姆的自行車比吉姆的貴。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的天氣比上海 冷。(that指代天氣) His English is better than anyone else's in his class. 他的英語比班上其他人的都 好。
4) 英語中往往用that/those或the/that one/the ones代替上文提及的同等部分。但如果比 較的事物是不可數(shù)名詞，用that不能用the one/the ones/those。
The water in the glass is cleaner than that in the river.
杯子里的水比河里的水清。(water為不可數(shù)名詞，用that)
I like these pictures better than those/the ones on the wall.
我喜歡這些畫勝過墻上那些。(those,the ones指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a cat.
兔子的耳朵比貓長。 (與of短語一起用時，不能用the ones)
Your ruler is longer than that/that one/the one on the desk.
你的尺比桌上的尺長。(that/that one/the one指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))
5) 兩者之間的比較不能用最高級。
Who is more honest, Tom or Susan? 湯姆和蘇珊兩個人誰更誠實?
注意 ： 比較級范圍是由of引出兩者之間的比較，比較級前要用定冠詞 。
He is the taller of the two. 兩人中他高一點(diǎn)。
要點(diǎn)14 有些以?ior結(jié)尾的形容詞本身就含有比較的意思
以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞，不用"比較級+than"來表示比較，而是要用"原級+to"。常用的 詞有：superior(優(yōu)于)，inferior(次于)，junior(年少的)，senior(較年長的，較高級別 的)。
He is inferior to you in all respects. 他各方面都不如你。
This engine is superior in many respects to that. 這臺發(fā)動機(jī)在很多方面比那一臺要好。
要點(diǎn)15 最高級的用法?
1) 三者(或三者以上)的比較才能用最高級。
Mary is the tallest girl in her class/of the three. 瑪麗是她班上(三個里面)個子最 高的女孩。
Bill reads most clearly of all the students. 在所有這些學(xué)生中，比爾讀得最清楚。
2) 形容詞最高級要加the。
They're the biggest animals in the world. 它們是世界上最大的動物。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界最大城市之 一。(one of the+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示"最……之一")
He is one of the tallest students in the class. 他是班上個子最高的學(xué)生之一。
It is the second tallest building in the world. 它是世界上第二高的建筑物。
注意： 如不表示比較，也沒有表示比較范圍的狀語，最高級前不用t he時，作"十分"、"非常"解。
It is a most useful tool. 這是一種非常有用的工具。
He is a brightest student. 他是一個非常聰明的學(xué)生。
注意：最高級可用by far,easily,nearly ,by no means,序數(shù)詞等修飾，置于最高級之前。
He is the second tallest boy in our class.
注意：
要點(diǎn)16 幾個特殊的比較結(jié)構(gòu)
1) "the+比較級…，the+比較級…"結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"越……，越……"，表示程度的平行增 長，如：
The higher the temperature(is),the greater is the pressure.(=the greater the presure is.)
溫度越高，壓力就越大。
The older he gets,the wiser he becomes. 他越長越聰明。
The bigger,the better. 越大越好。
2) "比較級+and+比較級"結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"越來越……"，表示程度逐漸增長，如：
Our life is getting better and better. 我們的生活越來越好。
Our country has become stronger and stronger. 我們的國家越來越強(qiáng)大了。
He is running faster and faster. 他越跑越快。
注意： 當(dāng)形容詞需加上more變?yōu)楸容^級時，表示"越來越……"， 需用"more and more+形容詞原形"的結(jié)構(gòu)。
Shanghai is becoming more and more beautiful. 上海變得越來越美麗。
More and more people give up smoking. 越來越多的人戒煙。
3) "倍數(shù)詞+as+原級+as"構(gòu)成倍數(shù)比較結(jié)構(gòu).
This TV set costs twice as much as that one. 這架電視機(jī)的價格是那架電視機(jī)的兩倍 。
The truck is 3.5 times as heavy as that minibus. 這輛卡車有那輛小客車的三倍半重 。表示倍數(shù)也可以用以下的結(jié)構(gòu)：
The rice output of this region is about four times that of 1957. 這個地區(qū) 的大米產(chǎn)量相當(dāng)于1957年的4倍。
4) "大三歲"，"長
He is three years older than I. 他比我大三歲。
This river is 100 meters longer than that
one. 這條河比那條河長
5）"as…… as" 的比喻結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)表示"像……一樣（那樣）……"
It's as cold as ice in here. 這兒冷得像冰窖。
It's as dark as night in this room. 這屋子簡直就像晚上一樣黑。
常見的比喻結(jié)構(gòu)有：as free as a bird,as hungry as a wolf,as strong as a horse,as clever as a fox,as busy as a bee……
6）more than和less than，這2個固定詞組分別表示"多于"和"少于"，如：
There are more than three hundred pupils in the school.
這個學(xué)校有300多個學(xué)生。
They finished the work in less than a year.
他們不到一年就完成了這項工作。
7）no more than和no less than也是固定詞組，分別表示"只不過"和"有……之多"、"多達(dá)"。（帶有感情色彩）
I have no more than ten dollars. 我只有10塊錢。（有嫌少的意思）
In our school there are no less than 250 teachers.
我們學(xué)校里的教師有250位之多。（有夠多了的含義）
8）not more than和not less than，not more than(=at most)表示"不多于"、"至多"，not less than(=at least)表示"不少于"、"至少"。（表示客觀事情）
The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons.
做這個試驗的人不到5個。
There were not less than one hundred people at the meeting.
到會的至少有100人。
要點(diǎn)17 貌似同等程度比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些固定習(xí)慣用語
英語中有些看似是同等程度的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，實際上它們是一些固定的習(xí)慣用語/
1 as long as 只要；有……之久
I will work as long as Ilive. 只要活著，我就要工作。
He has been ill as long as five years. 他已經(jīng)病了5年之久。
3 as far as 到……地點(diǎn)；就……而言
I will go with you as far as the next bus stop.
我將和你一起走到下一個車站。
As far as I know,he is a reliable person. 就我所知，他是一個可靠的人。
4 as high as 高達(dá)……程度
The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400. 在那個國家里一天的平均住院費(fèi)用可高達(dá)400美元。
5 as soon as 一……就
I will ting you up as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就給你打電話。
5）as well as 既……又
He has experience as well as knowledge.他既有知識又又經(jīng)驗。（注意此句翻譯的順序）
要點(diǎn)18 表示相似、類同的幾種方法?
主語 alike
the same
similar
The two brothers are very much alike. 兄弟倆非常相像。
The two books are the same. 這兩本書是一樣的。
The methods used by the three teachers are similar. 這三位教師使用的方法相類似。
the same as
2) 主語+be+ { similar to } +名詞(代詞)
like
John's hat is very much like mine in style/size. 約翰的帽子的款式(尺寸)很像我的 。
Your opinion is similar to ours in many ways. 你的觀點(diǎn)在許多方面與我們相似。
The price is the same as last year. 這價格與去年相同。
age
3)主語+be+the same { size } +as+名詞(代詞)
colour
weight
The suitcase is the same size as that one. 這衣箱與那個一樣大小。
He is the same age as his wife. 他與他的妻子同年。
4) 在以上句型中，也可常用動詞look來替代be動詞。
The pen looks like mine. 這筆看上去像我的。The two houses look alike. 這兩幢房子看上去相似。
要點(diǎn)19 表示相異、不同
1) differ from 與……不同。
Nylon differs from silk in cost. 尼龍和絲綢在成本方面不同。
2) be different from 與……不同。
Their house is different from ours in style. 他們的房子風(fēng)格跟我們的不同。
3) unlike 不同，不像。
My son is unlike me in every respect. 我的兒子沒有一處像我。
要點(diǎn)20 無比較級，最高級的詞
circular,silent,east,empty,false,first,golden,matchless,perfect,right，round,square,true,unique(獨(dú)一無二的)，wrong，absolute（絕對的），sheer（徹底的），mere（純粹的），atomic（原子的），solar（太陽的），daily，monthly，yearly，physical，wooden……
五.介詞
介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞分為三種，一種是簡單介詞，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一種是短語介詞，即由兩個以上的詞組組成的短語，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；還有一種叫二重介詞，如until after, from behind等。
（一）介詞的句法功能
介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個成份，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。
1、作定語：The book on the table is mine.
2、作狀語：We have breakfast at seven.（表時間）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）
3、作表語：My dictionary is in the bag.
4、作賓語補(bǔ)足語：I found him in the office.
（二）主要介詞區(qū)別
1、表示時間的at, in, on：at表示片刻的時間，如：at 8 o'clock ，常用詞組有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的時間，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on總是跟日子有關(guān)，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。
2、表示時間的since和from：since表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點(diǎn)開始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示時間的in和after：兩者都表示"在（某個時間）之后，區(qū)別在于in表示"在（一段時間）之后"，而after則表示"在（某一具體時間點(diǎn)之后）"，in短語和將來時態(tài)連用，after短語和過去時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)連用。如：We'll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?
注意：after有時也可以表示在一段時間之后（常用在過去時里）。如：After two months he returned.
4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.
5、表示"在……上"的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示"穿過……"的through和across：through表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in 有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過，與on有關(guān)。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；on the corner表示"在角上"，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；at the corner指"在拐角處"，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作"最后"、"終于"解，可單獨(dú)使用，后不接介詞of；at the end of 表示"在……末梢"，"到……盡頭"，既可指時間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用；by the end of 作"在……結(jié)束時"，"到……末為止"解，只能指時間。不可單獨(dú)使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.
9、表示"關(guān)于"的about 和on：兩者都有"關(guān)于"的意思，不過前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正式的"論述"。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.
10、between, among：一般說來，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.
注意：但有時說的雖然是三個以上的人或東西，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，適用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在談事物間的差別時，總是用between。如：They don't know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.
11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指"除了……還有，再加上"。如：All went out besides me.；except指"除了，減去什么"，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 與except意思近似，表示"除了……外"經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示"如無……就，只是"表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。
12、表示"用"的in和with：表示工具的"用"，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等的"用"，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.
13、in charge of和in the charge of：兩者都表示"由誰負(fù)責(zé)、照顧、管理"。區(qū)別在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面則跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。
14、as, like：as作"作為"、"以……地位或身份"解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事實是父親）；like作"象……一樣"解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事實上不是父親）。
15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是"在……前面"的意思（不在某物內(nèi)）； in the front of則是"在……前部"的意思（在某物內(nèi)）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。
16、in, into：into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等終止性動詞連用時，也可以表示動向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。
練習(xí).介 詞
1. The teacher is writing ____ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing ____ink in exercise books.
A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with
2. The worker can make chairs ____ wood, and also can make paper ____ wood.
A. from, of B. of, from C. of. of D. from, from
3. Mary dropped in ____ Mr Smith, but he wasn' t at home, so she went to drop in ____ Mr Smith's office.
A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. on
4. The teacher is not only strict ____ his pupils but also strict ____ his own work.
A. with, with B.in,in C. in, with D. with, in
5. His grandfather died ____ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-mother died ____ hungry and cold.
A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of
6. If you run ____ two hares you will catch neither.
A.into B.after C.off D. out of
7. This is a common mistake ____ students.
A. between B.over C. among D. about
8. My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.
A.for B.to C.at D.as
9. _____ hearing the news, I was wild ____ joy.
A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over
10.I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics.
A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at
11. Nobody knows it ____ me.
A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but
12. The window is never opened ____ in summer.
A. but B. except C. except for D. but for
13. It happened ____ the Long March.
A. during B.in C.at D.for
14. We go to school ____ a bike.
A.in B.on C.by D.ove
15. It's very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me.
A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of
16. Fresh air is good ____ your health.
A.at B.for C.of D.to
17.The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait ____ their sick mother.
A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on
18.The group is made up____five students. And they are studying hard to make up____ the lost time.
A.of,of B.for,for C.of,for D.for,of
19.The PLA man saved the boy ____ death.
A. of B.from C.to D.on
20. He will come ____ three days.
A.before B.after C. in D. later
21. He went to Beijing and returned ____ three days.
A. in B. before C. later D. after
22. He will return____ three o'clock.
A.after B.in C.on D.at
23. He wrote the article ____ three days.
A.at B.in C.on D.by
24.I agree ____ what you said.
A.to B.on C.with D.at
25. Do you agree____ this plan (arrangement)?
A.at B.with C.on D.to
26. Finally they agreed ____ the terms of the contract.
A.on B.to C.with D.at
27. Do you often hear____ your brother?
A. of B. from C. out of D. about
28.1 heard ____ the book long ago, but I have never read it. A. out B.from C.of D.with
29. The plane flew ____ the city.
A. across B.past C. through D.over
30. We walked ____ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.
A. across B. through C.by D.past
31.I was wandering ____ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
A. across B. through C.by D.past
32. Our bus drove ____ the Great Hall of the People.
A. across B. through C. past D.over
33. ____ the sun, nothing would grow.
A. For B.With C. Under D. Without
34. The teacher is busy ____ teaching.
A.with B.for C.on D.of
35. The teacher is busy ____ correcting papers.
A. for B.in C.on D.of
36. We left Xi' an _.___ a very hot summer afternoon.
A. on B.in C. during D.by
37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming____ her.
A. but B. except C. except for D. without
38. His teacher was angry ____ him ____ his being late.
A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about
39. My father was disappointed ____ the news.
A. by B. about C. at D. on
40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing ____ October,1998 and came back home ____ the morning of Nov. 5.
A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from
41 .My uncle lives ____ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____ the fifth floor.
A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to
42. I don't think you can work out the maths problem ____ the teacher's help.
A. since B. unless C. because D. without
43. He is running ____ the wind towards the east of the station ____ Tom is running ____ the right.
A. down; and; on B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; to
44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck ____ the beauty of nature that he stayed ____ another night.
A.at;on B.with;at C.for;in D.by;for
45. Many people are still ____ the habit of writing silly things ____ public places.
A.at;at B.in;in C.into;of D.during;at
46. - Do you go there ____ bus? - No, we go there ____ a train.
A. in; on B.on;on C.by;in D.by; with
47. I made the coat ____ my own hands. It was made ____ hand, not with a machine.
A. in; in B.in; with C. with; by D. with; with
48. The trees ____ front of the house are ____ the charge of Old Li.
A. in; in B. at; in C. in; by D. from; in
49. The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at B.of;in C.of;on D. for; during
50. Does John know any other foreign languages ____ French?
A. except B. but C. besides D. beside
51. He looked quite healthy ____ he was ____ the age of seventy.
A. when; at B. because; in C. if; for D. though; at
52. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -____1982.
A. After B.In C.From D.Since
53. Did you have any trouble ____ the post office?
A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding
54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do ____ it.
A.about B.with C.for D.of
55. Something must be done to prevent our city ____ by thick smoke.
A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being polluted D. polluting
56.____ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?
A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody but C. The teacher besides D. All except
57. Henry,____ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?
A. together with B. like C. and not D. but in addition to
58. Taiwan is ____ the east of Fujian.
A. in B.at C.to D.on
59. His father will be back from London ____ a few days.
A.since B.in C.on D.after
60. We offered him our congratulations ____ his passing the college entrance exams.
A.at B.on C.for D.of
61 .The word "write" has the same pronunciation ____ the word "right".
A. of B.as C.to D.from
62. The train leaves ____ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station ____ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.
A. at; until B. for; after C.at;by D. before; around
63. Go ____ the gate and you' 11 find the entrance ____ the park ____ the other side.
A. through; to; on B. along ;of; on C. down; to; at D. up; of; by
64. One ____ five will have the chance to join in the game.
A. within B. among C. in D. from
65. Because of her devotion _____ music, she has become friendly with Mr. Zhang.
A. in B. to C. with D. on
66. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have_____ color?
A. in B. / C. with D. of
67. Some people say that we live _____ the age of computers.
A. in B. at C. with D. for
68. ---May I attend your lecture, Mr. Green? ---Welcome _____ open arms.
A. with B. by C. in D. for
69. _____ defeated, they didn't lose heart.
A. In spite of B. Except for C. Though D. Until
70. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _____ the end of this year.
A. at B. by C. for D. till
六. 連詞
連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞是連接主語與主語，謂語與謂語，句子與句子，分詞與分詞的詞，它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語法作用；而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句，從句形式有名詞性從句，定語從句和狀語從句等。
（一）并列連詞：
并列連詞可用來連接詞與詞，詞組與詞組，分句與分句。常用的并列連詞有：and（和），as well as（既…又），both … and（不但…而且），not only … but also（不但…而且），not … but（不是…而是），neither … nor（既不…也不），either … or（不是…就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因為），so（所以），while（而），when（這時）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光榮的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.
（二）從屬連詞
從屬連詞是指在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)從句的連結(jié)詞。常見的從屬連詞有：
引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as
引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的：because, since, as
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的：although, though, no matter（無論）, even if (though)
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的：so … that …, such … that …
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的：so that …, in order that …
引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的：as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than …
引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的：as if …
引導(dǎo)主語，賓語或表語從句的連詞主要有：that, whether, if三個。其中that 和whether間或還可以引起同位從句和狀語從句。
（三）某些用法比較特殊的從屬連詞用法區(qū)別
1、當(dāng)while, when, as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時的區(qū)別：①while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞必須是持續(xù)性。謂語動詞多為進(jìn)行時，或狀態(tài)動詞的一般時。while 的這些用法可用when代替，等于 "at the time that", "during the time that"。例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying；② when除可指一段時間外，還可用來指一點(diǎn)時間，等于 "at the time"，也就是說when引出的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞可以是終止性的，也可以延續(xù)性的。因此主句和從句的謂語可以是一般時，進(jìn)行時，或完成時。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能換成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可換成while）③as�？膳cwhen，while通用，但強(qiáng)調(diào)"一邊、一邊"。例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. ④when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致，主、謂是"主語+系動詞"結(jié)構(gòu)時，這時主語和系動詞可以省略。例如：When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ She'll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. ⑤when有時代替if，引導(dǎo)條件句，意為"如果"、"假如"，例如：I'll come when (if) I'm free.
2、before作連詞一般表示時間，意為"在…之前"，但有些句子中這樣譯就顯得別扭。試看以下句子的翻譯：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他幾乎把我撞倒才看見我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話，他已經(jīng)給我量好了尺寸。
3、till, until作為介詞式從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語短語或狀語從句，用于否定句時，結(jié)構(gòu)為not …until (till)，主句謂語動詞延續(xù)與非延續(xù)皆可，意為"直到…才…"。用于肯定句時，只與延續(xù)性動詞連用，表示"到…為止"。例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didn't talk（延續(xù)性動詞）until (till) the interpreter（譯員）came./ He didn't go to bed（非延續(xù)性動詞）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till則不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒裝）；till, until只用于時間，以下句子是錯誤的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。
4、because, since, as引導(dǎo)原因狀語時注意使用上的區(qū)別：①如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。用why提問的句子，一定用because回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；②如原因已為人們所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let's begin.
5、although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句往往用法一樣，但注意以下區(qū)別：①although用于各種文體，而though則多用于非正式的口語或書面語中。注意由although, though引導(dǎo)的從句后，主句不能用but，但可用副詞yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working）②though常與even連用，even though表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為"即使"，但不能說even although，例如：Even though I didn't understand a word, I dept smiling. ③though可用作副詞，意為"然而"，常用逗號與句子分開。although則不能這樣使用，它只作連詞。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.
6、once作副詞譯"曾經(jīng)"，作為連詞譯"一旦"，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。相當(dāng)于if的加強(qiáng)形式。例如：I don't believe he was once a thief. (once這里是副詞)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once連詞)
7、unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句等于if … not …。例如：He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = He'll accept the job if the salary is not too low.)
8、在用as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句及表語從句中，根據(jù)情況要使用虛擬語氣。例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有時也可用直陳語氣。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.
9、whether, if引導(dǎo)從句的用法區(qū)別：①引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句時，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. ②whether可接不定式，而if則不可。例如：I haven't decided whether to leave or not. ③whether可作介詞的賓語或置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，而if則不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ④whether和if均可引導(dǎo)賓語從句， whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般都是肯定句，if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此時不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesn't rain. ⑤引導(dǎo)賓語從句的whether和if�？膳cor not連用。連用時要注意or not的位置，它一般與 whether、if分開使用，有時它可與whether合起來使用，但不能與if合起來使用。例如：I don't know whether/ if they will come or not./ I don't know whether or not they will come.�、辤f可用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，譯"如果"，whether則不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.
10、as作從屬連詞可引導(dǎo)多種狀語從句。①as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為"當(dāng)…時"。例如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. ②as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為"象…一樣"。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.�、踑s引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。意為"由于"，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.�、躠s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。意為"雖然"、"盡管"Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外，as做為關(guān)系代詞還可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，如：I have the same book as you.
練習(xí)、連詞
1 .He is very old,____ he still works very hard.
A. but B.if C.when D.as
2. ____ you are dismissed.
A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and
3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take.
A. because B. now C. so D. since
4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless.
A. because of B. owing to C. due to D. that
5. Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields.
A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they
6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.
A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.
7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly.
A. since B. for C. because D. so that
8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up.
A. unless B. as C. if D. until
9. Francis did the task____ his brother.
A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as
10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.
A. as B. what C. that D. whom
11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program.
A. yet B. besides C. also D. then
12. It looks ____ it's going to rain.
A. that B. as C. as if D. like that
13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.
A. Because she went B. After she went C. When she went D. Since she went
14.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.
A. Until B. Since C. While D. During
15. We arrived at the station ____ the train had left.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
16.____ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.
A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If
17. Give me one more minute ____ I'll have finished.
A. so B. until C. and D. when
18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,____ he could not find any work.
A. and B. yet C. or D. and but
19. Hurry up, ____ you'll be late.
A. or B. and C. so D. yet
20. Do not make the same mistake ____ I did.
A. so B. as C. like D. that
21. My sister is expecting me,____ I must be off now.
A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise
22. We should pay attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture.
A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and
23. He ran off____ I could stop him.
A. before B. after C. since D. when
24.____ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since
25. Where have you been ____ you left home?
A. before B. as C. since D. when
26.____ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.
A. Until B. Since C. After D. Unless
27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year____ we did last year.
A. as B. than C. like D. white
28.It is late; ____, I'm too tired to go out.
A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that
29. Everything around us is ____ solid ..liquid ____ gas.
A. not .. .but... B. either.. .or... C. neither.. .nor... D. whether.. .or...
30. He will come ____ you ask him.
A. whether B. unless C. if D. while
31.____ he will come or not is still unknown.
A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether
32.I don' t know ____ to stay at home or go out.
A. whether B. if C. how D. where
33. He spoke loudly ____ the audience could hear him clearly.
A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to
34. The book is not easy.____ it's rather difficult.
A. On the one hand B. On the contrary
C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary
35. You must work hard,____ you will not learn English well.
A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless
36. It rained heavily,____ the basketball match had to be put off.
A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore
37. We must do ____ the people want us to do..
A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever
38. You are certainly right,____ others may say.
A. what B. whatever C. that D. as
39.____ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever
40.I'll discuss it with you ____ you like to come.
A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever
41.____ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.
A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When
42.___you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.
A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then
43.___ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.
A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No matter where
44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,___ we are closely united.
A. so far as B. so long as C. as soon as D. as well as
45.___ I know he will stay here for half a year.
A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as
46. Please write me ____ you arrive in New York.
A. as well as B. so long as C. as far as D. as soon as
47. That is not ____ I want.
A. that B. why C. what D. whose
48. ___ he did it remains a secret.
A. What B. Whom C. Which D. How
49. It is quite clear ____ he won't see us.
A. what B. that C. why D. how
50. Would you tell me ____ way I should take?
A. what B. that C. which D. whose
51. I am sure ____ you said is true.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
52. The trouble is ____ we can not find such an expert.
A. why B. that C. where D. /
53. It has not been decided ____ they will leave.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
54. We shall go ____ you are ready.
A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since
55. He will tell you about it ____ you get there.
A. while B. as C. when D. /
56. Don't try to get off the bus ____ it has stopped.
A. while B. as C. since D. before
57. I'll come and see you _____ I go to the countryside.
A. while B. when . C. as soon as D. before
58. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.
A. While B. When C. Since D. After
59. Things have changed a lot ____ I wrote to you last time.
A. when B. since C. as D. before
60. I can't use your pen, ___ there is no ink in it. A. for B. when C. if D. whether
61. I'd like to go swimming ____ the water is not too cold.
A. for B. unless C. if D. whether
62. Difficulties are nothing ___ we are not afraid of them.
A. for B. as C. if D. whether
63. The doctor will not perform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary.
A. when B. if C. for D. unless
64. Go back ___ you came from. A. until B. where C. which D. when
65. He lay ___ the grass was the thickest.
A. where B. when C. that D. after
66. You will find friendly people ___ you go in China.
A. where B. and C. wherever D. so
67. ___ it was already dark, they went on working in the fields.
A. If B. Whether C. But D. Though
68. ___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown.
A. If B. Whether C. When D. While
69. We'll go and see the patient ___we are busy.
A. even if B. for C. if D. while
70. The museum is ___ far ____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus.
A. such... that B. as...as C. so...that D. so … as
1~5 ABCDA 6~10 CDACA 11~15 ACDBA 16~20 BCBAB 21~25 CDABC
26~30 BBABC 31~35 DACBC 36~40 AABCD 41~45 AAABC 46~50 DCDBC
51~55 ABBBC 56~60 DDCBA 61~65 CCDBA 66~70 CDBAC
七.動詞及動詞短語辨析
動詞是是各類考試的重點(diǎn)，高考試題中，單項填空、完形填空和改錯等三項題型中，動詞辨義的比重較大，并逐年增加。動詞辨義主要指：1、形狀相同的動詞之間辨義。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意義相近的動詞之間辨義。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、動詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨義。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意義不同，但容易混淆的動詞的辨義。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。5、某些常用動詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨義。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用動詞短語的辨義。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。
（一）易混動詞
1、lay（放）, lie（躺）與lie（說謊）：這三個易混動詞構(gòu)成見下表：
中 文 原 形 過 去 式 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 說 明
放 lay laid laid laying 及物動詞
躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物動詞
說謊 lie lied lied lying 不及物動詞
2、rise和raise：rise是不及物動詞，其過去式是rose，過去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動詞，是規(guī)則動詞。
3、hear與listen to：hear側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到，聽見什么，而listen to是側(cè)重于聽的傾向，但hear用于無意中的聽見，而listen to卻用于集中注意力的聽。
4、see, watch和look：see用作看電影，劇目；watch則用作看電視比賽，而watch還有在旁觀看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物動詞，只是當(dāng)盯著某人看時用作及物動詞，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯著我的臉。）
5、wind和wound：wind意為蜿蜒而行，其過去式與過去分詞都是wound，而動詞原形wound意為傷害，其過去式、過去分詞都是wounded。
6、hang的用法：hang有兩個意思：一為懸掛，是不規(guī)則動詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為絞刑，是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。
7、hear的過去分詞born與borne：bear作為出生講有兩個過去分詞born，borne。只有當(dāng)be+born…短語后沒有by介詞短語時，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用時要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受講，則一律用borne。
8、sit與seat：seat為及物動詞時是作容納講，sit只是表示一動作。seat如果表示就座時要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
9、borrow, lend與keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但這兩個詞都是截止性動詞或瞬間動詞，不能用于長時間的動作，所以我能借多久應(yīng)用keep。
10、win與beat：win作勝、贏講時其后應(yīng)接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已說服他了，我贏得他的好感。而beat是及物動詞為擊敗、勝過講，直接接人、隊。
11、steal與rob：steal為偷。rob為搶，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+搶的物品。
12、fit與suit：fit與suit均可作合適講，但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合適，而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。
13、take, bring 與fetch：英文中拿三個詞，即拿來，拿去，去取然后回來(即雙程)。所以拿來，帶來是bring，拿去帶走是take，而去取回來是fetch。
14、shut與close：shut與close有時是可以互換的，但有些地方則不可這樣做。如:在正式場合多用close，而在命令，態(tài)度粗暴的場合則用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(閉嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指鐵路、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場合，則要用close。
15、answer與reply：作為回答講answer是及物動詞，如作不及物動詞，則意義不同，如answer for，意為向某人或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而reply作回答講是不及物動詞，后跟賓語時，要加上to。
16、reach，arrive與get to：reach當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動詞，而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時講，則是不及物動詞。作到達(dá)講時還有g(shù)et to, arrive(at/in)。
17、cost，spend與take：英文中花費(fèi)有三個詞cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 "花費(fèi)"講，主語不能是人，而spend的主語不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花費(fèi)講時，可用人也可用物做主語。更多的用法是用形式主語it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.
18、lost, gone與missing：作補(bǔ)足語時意為丟失、不見了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss時則不能用missed, 而要用missing.
19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服講的動詞分為狀態(tài)和動作兩種。have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講;但have on不用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，而wear則常要用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。put on是動作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣動作，但用作狀態(tài)時要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作動作講時，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.
20、begin與start
begin與Start 均可作開始講，并無多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動名詞，但在下面的場合多要用Start：1)機(jī)器的開動發(fā)動；2)旅途的開始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。
21、allow 與permit
allow與permit其后直接接動作時要用動名詞，如接人后再接動詞則要用不定式，所以用在被動語態(tài)時一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.
22、find與found
find找到的過去式和過去分詞都是found，而found是動詞"建立"的原形，其過去式和過去分詞是founded，founded，如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
23、speak, say, talk 與tell
英文中講有4個詞，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物動詞，但speak后加語言名詞時則用作及物動詞，如：Please speak English。而say與tell是及物動詞，其中tell常用作接雙賓語，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法，如：在作講實話，講謊言，表示時間常用單賓語而不能換其它詞，如：My watch was broken. It couldn't tell time correctly。在書信、便條、海報上寫著英文應(yīng)為It said …。在作辨別不同講時是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而講別人好壞話時用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。
24、excuse me 與sorry
excuse me用于來打攏對方前以提醒對方注意的提示語，而sorry則表達(dá)因作了某事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?/p>
25、care for 與care to do
care for其后要接不定式時則要省去for或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顧講時與look after相同。
26、與名詞易混的動詞有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);
27、意義相近的動詞：ring搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響，strike專指敲鐘，打幾點(diǎn)，撞擊；suggest提出實驗性或推測性的建議，advice表示對經(jīng)驗不足人的一種忠告；look由視覺得出的印象，seem暗示一定根據(jù)的判定，appear外表印象而實際或結(jié)果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（發(fā)現(xiàn)）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西，invent（發(fā)明）研制出不存在的東西；remember記憶起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。
28、動詞 + 副詞 + 介詞：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with …
29、動詞 + 介詞to的詞組有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to …
30、與in相結(jié)合的動詞有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
（二）動詞短語
動詞短語是指動詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動詞短語的測試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：
1、根據(jù)動詞短語的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。
(I)動詞+副詞(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚會后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。
(2)動詞+副詞(及物)
Please turn every light in the house off. 請把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。
注意：①如果賓語較長，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動詞分開。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。②如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動詞和副詞之間。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它們。
(3)動詞+介詞(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。
注意：①當(dāng)它跟賓語時，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。②動詞短語可以放在句子或從句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她應(yīng)付不了。
(4)動詞+副詞+介詞
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見到你。
注："動詞+介詞"、"動詞+名詞+副詞"、"動詞+副詞+介詞"，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。
2、熟悉同一動詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。
(1)同一動詞和不同介詞搭配時，意義上的差異。如：①hear from收到…的來信，hear of聽說。 ②look after照料，look at看，look for尋找。
(2)同一動詞和不同副詞搭配時，意義上的差異。如：①ring back回電話, ring off掛斷電話, ring up打電話 ②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up掛起，舉起。
(3)不同動詞和同一介詞搭配時，在意義上的差異。如：look for尋找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for請求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。
(4)不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時，在意義上的差異。如：①break out發(fā)生，爆炸, carry out進(jìn)行，開展, go out熄滅, hand out分發(fā), let out放出, look out當(dāng)心, sell out賣完, set out出發(fā), take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下來, get down下車, take down取下, write down寫下。
實戰(zhàn)分析：
動詞短語是歷年高考考查的一個熱點(diǎn)，每年必考。在每年的單項填空題15道題中至少有一道題測試動詞短語。設(shè)題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞短語來測試考生在具體語境中對動詞短語意義的理解和運(yùn)用能力。動詞短語考查面廣，靈活度強(qiáng)，在歷年高考題擬題中倍受青睞。
\[實戰(zhàn)1\]Some of the students have already learned enough English to ____ a conversation with a native English speaker.
A. hold on B. keep on C. go on D. carry on
【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是不僅要理解供選擇的四個動詞短語的意義，而且要結(jié)合題干中的名詞與動詞短語的關(guān)系來進(jìn)行判斷選擇。
【答案解析】選項A、B、C三個動詞短語都表示"繼續(xù)"之意，與題干中名詞a conversation with a native English speaker構(gòu)成短語，不符句意。答案D。
\[實戰(zhàn)2\] You'd better fly somewhere in the west. Then you can ____ a hire car and travel around.
A. take up B. get on C. pick up D. turn on
【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)所給動詞短語的意思，結(jié)合題干句作出正確選擇。
【答案解析】take up開始學(xué)，從事，占去； get on 上車，相處,進(jìn)展； pick up 拾起，學(xué)會，收聽到，搭車；turn on打開。根據(jù)句子意思，應(yīng)選擇pick up，搭乘出租車。答案C。
\[實戰(zhàn)3\]We've invited Mr and Mrs Brown to dinner. But we'll have to because of the baby's sickness.
A. took up B. made up C. gave up D. put off
【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是注意區(qū)別give up與put off的差異。
【答案解析】根據(jù)句子意思，首先排除選項A開始學(xué)，從事，占去；B組成，構(gòu)成；而選項C（give up放棄）強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意義，不符句子意思，故應(yīng)選put off（推遲）。答案D。
[實戰(zhàn)4\]They have most carefully the time and money needed to complete the project.
A. picked out B. left out C. figured out D. taken out
【解題關(guān)鍵】 由于選項B、C兩個動詞短語為不常見短語，意義生疏，故解題時必須根據(jù)題干句子意思進(jìn)行排除選擇。
【答案解析】pick out挑出，選出； leave out 漏掉；figure out算出； take out拿出，取出。根據(jù)句子意思：他們十分仔細(xì)地算出了完成工程所需要的錢和時間，故應(yīng)選figure out。答案C。
\[實戰(zhàn)5\]The actress who had been thought highly of to be a great disappointment.
A. turned up B. turned out C. turned down D. turned in
【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是理解句意：區(qū)別四個由動詞turn所構(gòu)成的短語意義，作出正確選擇。
【答案解析】turn up調(diào)大（音量），出現(xiàn)；turn out結(jié)果是，證明是，生產(chǎn)，制造； turn down調(diào)低，拒絕；turn in交上去。答案B。
\[實戰(zhàn)6\]-It's a good idea. But who's going to ____the plan?
-I think Tom and Mike will.
A. carry out B. get through C. take in D. set aside
【解題關(guān)鍵】該題提供的四個短語意義較廣，解答該題的關(guān)鍵必須結(jié)合句子意思進(jìn)行排除從而得出正確答案。
【答案解析】carry out執(zhí)行，實行；get through完成，度過，通過；take in吸收，領(lǐng)會； set aside不理會，擱置。根據(jù)句子的意思：這是一個好主意，但誰去執(zhí)行這個計劃呢？故選carry out。答案A。
\[實戰(zhàn)7\]Most people didn't accept the theory when it was first ____.
A. set about B. set off C. put forward D. put out
【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是結(jié)合句子的意思將短語代入，采用排除法進(jìn)行選擇，注意句子的意思與選項動詞短語的意義一致。
【答案解析】set about 著手；set off出發(fā)，激發(fā)； put forward提出； put out撲滅。句意為：當(dāng)這個理論最初被提出時，絕大多數(shù)人不能接受。故選put forward。答案C。
\[實戰(zhàn)8\] Without proper lessons, you could ____ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.
A. give up B. catch up C. keep up D. pick up
【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意短語pick up的意義及題干句意的理解。
【答案解析】give up放棄；catch up趕上； keep up維持； pick up學(xué)會，搭車，拾起，收聽到，無意中得到。根據(jù)句子的意思：如果沒有正確的指導(dǎo)，彈鋼琴時就會染上許多壞習(xí)慣。答案D。
練習(xí)、動詞詞義辨析
1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the two words.
A. point B.speak C.say D.tell
2.I ____ you will write me back soon.
A. wish B.hope C.want D.need
3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.
A. spend B. spare C.save D. share
4. Father will not ____ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.
A. have B.let C. agree D. allow
5.I learned to ____ a bicycle as a small boy.
A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run
6.I can ____ you to the railway station in my car.
A. send B.pick C.ride D.take
7.If no one ____ the phone at home, ring me at work.
A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives
8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's____ to be quite a good one.
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you'd better____ them for her.
A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch
10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____.
A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut
11. Careless driving ____ a lot of highway accidents.
A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results
12. I've____my umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it.
A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost
13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will ____ you a lot of good.
A. make B.do C.give D.get
14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.
A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran
15. The cooking chicken ____ very good.
A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes
16. Most children stay at home until they ____ school age.
A. get B.come C. reach D. arrive
17. A single mistake here could ____ you your life.
A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost
18. The boy works hard. I____ him to succeed in the exam.
A. like B. expect C. think D.need
19. We ____ each other the best of luck in the examination.
A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished
20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to____a message?
A.give B.leave C.carry D.take
21. Do you know the girl ____ a red coat?
A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on
22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt.
A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy
23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ to America for further study.
A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent
24. Old Mr Jackson insisted ____ to the Friendship Hospital.
A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent
25. The father insisted that their son Tom ____ clever enough to study music.
A. be B. should be C.was D. would be
26.I ____ the television set for 1,500 yuan.
A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent
27.I ____ play football than basketball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
28. - What are you doing? - I'm looking____ the children. They should be back for lunch now.
A.after B.at C.for D.up
29. The sports meet will be ____ till next week because of the bad weather.
A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down
30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can ____ it.
A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off
31. Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through
32. Many foreigners ____ the Great Wall as the World's Seventh Wonder.
A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on
33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please ____ the radio ____ a little.
A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up
34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four ____.
A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up
35. The child is running a high fever. We must____ a doctor at once.
A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up
36. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll ____ me at eight and we'll go there togethe;
A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up
37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to ____.
A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out
38. Your composition must be ____ after class.
A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over
39. A new school was ____ in the village last year.
A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up
40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 o'clock.
A. take off' B. take up C. take away D. take place
41. ____! There's danger ahead.
A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out
42.Let's____ to clean the house. It's too dirty.
A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down
43.I used to ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing.
A. call in . B. call at C. call for D. call on
44. He ____ from his family and settled down in America.
A. broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in
45. He had to ____ his father's business after his death, though he didn't really want to continue it.
A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on
46. The robbers had no trouble in ____ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them. A. breaking out B. breaking into C. breaking up D. breaking away from
47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy____ the crops in the fields.
A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in
48. All the students ____ their holidays to take part in planting trees.
A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away
49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom and ____ the tools.
A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after
50.____ this article and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into D. Look through
1~5 DBBDA 6~10 CAABA 11~15 CBBAA 16~20 CDBDB 21~25 AADAC
26~30 AACAB 31~35 CDCBC 36~40 ADCBA 41~45 DBDAD 46~50 BDCAD
另附：
一．難辨動詞選擇40例：
1. He ___ me to give up smoking. A. hopes B. suggests C. advises D. makes
2. They ___ him working all day long. A. had B. made C. forced D. obliged
3. He is too young to ___ right from wrong. A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell
4. At last he ___ worker. A. became B. turned C. changed D. grew
5. The peasants are ___ good seeds for the coming spring.
A. picking out B. choosing C. selecting D. choosing from
6. When did you ___ yesterday? A. arrive B. reach C. get D. get to
7. How long will it ___ you do the job? A. cost B. spend C. last D. take
8. It's too cold to ___ the engine. A. begin B. start C. ride D. drive
9. Will you take part in the meeting to be __ next week?
A. held B. taken place C. had D. happened
10. Who ___ the new world? A. invented B. made C. discovered D. uncovered
11. Need I help you? Yes, you ____. A. need B. may C. must D. should
12. The People's Republic of China was ___ in 1949. A. found B. founded C. built up D. put up
13. He is ___ as our best friend. A. thought B. looked C. considered D. regarded
14. When did you ___ his letter? A. hear from B. receive C. accept D. hear
15. A new look has ___ in China in the last few years.
A. broken out B. taken place C. happened D. taken on
16. She is ___ her best clothes today. A. wearing B. dressing C. putting on D. having on
17. Will you ___ me a few minutes? A. share B. spare C. save D. spend
18. He ___ from his seat. A. rose B. stood c. got D. raised
19. Trains ___ more people than buses. A. take B. carry C. fetch D. bring
20. Loud noises can ____ people mad. A. drive B. turn C. cause D. have
21. ___ while the iron is hot. A. Strike B. Hit C. Beat D. Knock
22. I found a wallet ___ on the ground. A. laying B. lying C. lay D. lie
23. I haven't ___ his letter yet. A. written B. answered C. replied D. returned
24. They ___ the different parts into one. A. united B. connected C. joined D. linked
25. He got ___ in the battle. A. hurt B. harmed C. injured D. wounded
26. Will you __ me the favour to put on the coat? A. do B. make C. give D. have
27. Who ____ it be? It must be Mary. A. must B. can C. should D. may
28. He ____ his way put when the film was over. A. did B. found C. made D. took
29. Did you ___ the concert yesterday? A. attend B. join on C. join D. have
30. It is well ____ to all that China is a large country. A. said B. told C. known D. reported
31. We ___ the apple into three parts. A. separated B. split C. parted D. divided
32. China ____ a large population. A. covers B. takes C. has D. makes
33. They were ___ busy working all day long. A. made B. kept C. had D. let
34. I have been searching for my ___ key. A. missed B. lost C. gone D. disappeared
35. How I ___ I were a happy bird. A. hope B. wish C. want D. expect
36. ___ your child here next time. A. Take B. Fetch C. Get D. Bring
37. The boy ____ an apology for being late. A. made B. asked C. expressed D. had
38. Would you like to ____ and have a cup of tea? A. call on B. visit C. drop in D. see
39. She decided to ___ her studies at home. A. continue B. go on C. keep on D. have
40. It is hard for them to ___ a good job. A. look for B. find out C. find D. discover
2 混動詞選擇40例：
41. Can you ___ her becoming a bus driver? A. think B. imagine C. expect D. believe
42. You've changed a lot. I can hardly ___ you at first. A. know B. remember C. find out D. recognize
43. We've ___ friends for many years. A. been B. become C. made D. promised
44. He asked me to ___ him a helping hand. A. lend B. borrow C. make D. get
45. We don't ___ smoking here. A. admit B. allow C. agree D. let
46. I am ___ that a film will be shown tonight. A. said B. told C. spoken D. reported
47. Many comrades ___ in the battle. A. dropped B. fell C. lost D. killed
48. Did you ___ milk in my tea? A. get B. place C. put D. drop
49. Eggs ___ bad easily in summer. A. go B. become C. are D. change
50. He didn't come to the party though he had ___ to. A. invited B. promised C. allowed D. permitted
51. The building is not ___ yet. A. finished B. ended C. done D. completed
52. The man is hard to ___ with. A. deal B. do C. go D. meet
53. He's ___ sixty this year. A. got B. reached C. had D. arrived
54. I'm ___ her off. A. watching B. looking C. seeing D. noticing
55. Our life ___ poor. A. stays B. remains C. keeps D. continues
56. He ___ himself between Jack and tom. A. was seated B. sat C. seated D. was sat
57. I ____ my key at home. A. forgot B. lost C. left D. missed
58. I ___ to persuade him not to smoke, but failed. A. tried B. managed C. had D. had got
59. He ___ the children going into the rice field. A. stopped B. kept C. forbade D. warned
60. He ___ on his back. A. lied B. laid C. lain D. lay
61. I ___ across her in the street. A. came B. went C. met D. saw
62. He was ___ by her beauty. A. moved B. excited C. touched D. struck
63. On hearing the sad news, she ___ tears. A. burst into b. broke out C. cried out D. wept with
64. She ___ the cup and broke into pieces. A. fell B. felt C. failed D. dropped
65. The new house has not been __ yet. A. equipped B. provided C. furnished D. supplied
66. The sick man's heart is __ fast. A. working B. moving C. jumping D. beating
67. I'm ___ to seeing my first teacher. A. looking forward B. expecting C. longing D. looking
68. The thief ___ the office. A. fled B. ran away C. ran out D. flee from
69. Then came an ___ scream of joy. A. moved B. moving C. exiting D. excited
70. Her heart had ___ for them. A. longed B. wanted C. dreamed D. waited
71. That moment's stop ____ the U.S. its lead. A. cost B. lost C. caused D. missed
72. The boy was made to ___ for being late for school. A. pardon B. forgive C. excuse D. apologize
73. He pulled out his gun! The snake was ___ to pieces. A. broken B. thrown C. stricken D. blown
74. She ___ my understanding. A. arrived B. got C. made D. reached
75. He ____ the car to a stop. A. took B. drew C. drove D. brought
76. He ___ the key in the lock and opened the door. A. turned B. put C. placed D. got
77. His eyes were ____ upon Della. A. fixing B . Stared C. fixed D. staring
78. They have ___ in love with each other. A. felt B. filled C. found D. fallen
79. I shall never forget the days we ___ together. A. worked B. played C. spend D. studied
80. She _____her hair up again. A. did B. made C. got D. kept
Key:
1. C 2: A 3: D 4: B 5:C 6:A 7:D 8:B 9:A 10. C 11.C 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. A
17. B 18.A 19.B 20.A 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.D 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.C 31D 32.C
33.B 34.B 35.B 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.A 40.C 41.B 42.D 43.A 44.A 45.B 46.B 47.B 48.C
49.A 50.B 51.D 52.A 53.B 54.C 55.B 56.C 57.C 58.A 59.A 60.D 61.A 62.D 63.A 64.D
65.C 66.D 67.A 68.A 69.D 70.A 71.A 72.D 73.D 74.D 75.D 76.A 77.C 78.D 79.C 80.A
高考常見動詞短語積累歸納總結(jié)
look 的常用短語：
look up … in查找
look sb. up and down 上下打量
look back to/ upon回顧
look upon…as把… 看作
look forward to期待
look through瀏覽; 看穿
take a new look呈現(xiàn)新面貌
fear的常用短語：
in fear害怕地
(be) in fear of 害怕
for fear of/ that擔(dān)心；生怕
concentrate 的常用短語：
concentrate on 專心…
concentrate one's mind on 專心于…
類似的短語：
fix one's mind upon
focus on
put one's heart into
focus one's mind on
surprise常用短語：
in surprise驚訝地
to one's surprise 使某人驚訝的是
be surprise at/to do/that
對某事感到驚訝
表示"穿衣"的動作或狀態(tài)的詞和短語
1．表示動作的有：
pull on
put on
dress
dress sb
2. 表示狀態(tài)的有：
wear
be in
be dressed in
have … on
常見表"喜歡"的短語和單詞
like
care for
be keen on
be fond of
take delight in…
trouble的常用短語：
have much trouble / no trouble (in) doing 在…有/沒有困難
take great trouble to do
不辭辛勞做某事
put sb to the trouble of doing …
為難某人做某事
make trouble搗亂
be in (great) trouble
惹麻煩；處在困境中
help sb. out of trouble
幫某人擺脫困境
end的常用短語：
come to an end……結(jié)束
put an end to 結(jié)束……
on end豎起, 連續(xù)
in the end終于; 最后
end up (by) doing…以……結(jié)束
make both ends meet收支相抵
表示"導(dǎo)致"、"由…引起"的短語：
1. 導(dǎo)致
cause sth. (to do)
result in
lead to
2. 由……引起
be caused by
result from
grow out of
lie in
表"全力以赴"的短語：
do / try one's best
spare no efforts to do
take great pains to do
go all out to do
do what somebody can (do) to do
do all somebody can (do) to do
direction常用短語：
in (the ) direction of….朝……方向
under the direction of ...在……的指導(dǎo)下
follow the directions照說明去做
far常用短語：
far from (being)離……要求相差很遠(yuǎn)
far from +(a place)距離某地很遠(yuǎn)
far away遙遠(yuǎn)
so far 到目前為止; 那么遠(yuǎn)
as far as sb. knows/sees據(jù)某人所知
by far
(最高級前,比較級后)起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
distance常用短語：
in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處
from/ at a distance從遠(yuǎn)處
keep sb. at a distance
于某人保持一定距離
It is no distance at all.不遠(yuǎn)
use常用短語：
used to do過去曾經(jīng)、常做
be used to doing …習(xí)慣于……
be used to do被用來做……
make good/ full use of充分利用……
come into use開始使用……
it is no use doing …干……沒有用
"出了什么事"的幾種不同表達(dá)
What's wrong with….?
What's the matter with…?
What's the trouble with…?
What happened (to sb.) ?
"眾所周知"常用表達(dá)法：
It is known to all that…主語從句，that不能省
As is known to all,定語從句，置于句首
We all know (that)后接賓語從句
Everyone knows (that)后接賓語從句
, which is known to all.非限定從句，置于句末
表"同意某人意見"的常用短語：
agree with sb. /what sb. said
agree to sth.
approve (of) sth.
in favour of sth.
be agreeable to sth.
be for sth.
"不同意"
disagree with sb./ what sb. said
object to sth.
disapprove (of) sth.
be against sth.
sign的常用短語：
sign one's name簽名
sign to sb (not) to do sth.
示意某人(不)做某事
signs of …
……的跡象
would rather 與 prefer 的區(qū)別
1．寧愿做……而不做……
would rather do A than do B
prefer A to B
prefer to do A rather than do B
2. would rather 主語 + 過去式，表示"寧愿"
eg. I would rather you came tomorrow than today.
should prefer sb. to do sth./ should prefer 主語 + 過去式，表示"比較喜歡……"
eg. I should prefer you not to go there alone.
OR: I should prefer that you did not go there alone.
trap常用短語
be caught in a trap落入圈套
be led into a trap中圈套
set a trap to do sth.設(shè)圈套……
be trapped in sth.被…..所圍困
grow常用短語
in the grow of在….成長中
grow up長大; 成長
grow rich on靠….. 變富
grow into長成……
grow out of由…..引起/滋生出
make常用短語
be made up of =consist of 由……組成
make up for彌補(bǔ)
be made from/ of由……造成
make up編造;組成;化妝
be made into制成……
make fun of取笑; 嘲弄
make a living 謀生
supply, provide, offer 的區(qū)別：
1．表示"向某人提供某物"
supply / provide sb. with sth.
supply / provide sth. for sb.
supply sth. to sb.
offer sb. sth.
2. 表示"主動提出做某事"
offer to do sth.
3. 表示"倘使"、"假如"
provided / providing that
= on condition that
=only if
4. 表示"滿足需要"supply / meet a need.
supply的常用短語
in short supply 缺乏，不足
medical/military supply醫(yī)療/軍用品
supplies of…許多
lack的常用短語
be lacking in sth. 在……不足
make up for the lack of
彌補(bǔ)……的不足
for/by/from/through lack of…
由于…不足,缺乏
have no lack of不缺
damage的常用短語
do damage/harm to 對……有害
cause damage to 對……造成損害
ask for damage要求賠償
die of 與die from 的區(qū)別
die of 表示"死于……病"或凍死、氣死，或死于過度悲傷。
die of cancer/grief/hunger/anger/cold
die from表示死于外傷、事故、勞累過度。如：
die from polluted air/overwork/sword thrust
die常用短語
die for one's country為國捐軀
die down熄滅、平息
die off絕種、枯死
die away消逝、靜下來
die a heroic death英勇犧牲
threaten常用短語
threaten sb. with sth.用……威脅某人
threaten to do…威脅做……
under the threat of…在……的威脅下
speed常用短語
speed up加速
at the speed of…以…..的速度
with great speed迅速
aim常用短語
take aim at瞄準(zhǔn)
reach an aim達(dá)到目的
aim at瞄準(zhǔn)、針對
permit與allow 的區(qū)別
表"允許做某事"或"允許某人做某事"用法基本相同。
permit/allow doing sth.
permit/allow sb. to do sth.
permit /allow of sth
一般在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中表示"時間、條件等許可"，多用permit
Time/Weather permitting, I'll drop in on her.
allow 還可以表示"承認(rèn)"、"考慮到"。例如：
1. We allow him to be wronged.
2. will take an hour to go there, allowing for traffic delays.
means常用短語
by means of通過….., 靠……
by this means/ in this way用這種方法
by no means/in no case決不
by all means用一切辦法
keep常用短語
keep up with緊跟…..
keep sb. doing sth.讓某人一直做
keep sb. from doing sth.阻止…..做……
keep off the grass勿踏草地
keep to the point緊扣主題
keep in touch with與……保持聯(lián)系
mark常用短語
make one's mark成功、出名
be marked with標(biāo)明
gain/get full marks for ……得滿分
seat常用短語
take one's seat坐下
have a seat請坐
see/find sb. seated看見/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人坐在….
be seated就座, 坐著
seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在……
部分 動詞+ to + doing 的用法
look forward to
get down to
object to
devote… to…
pay attention to
prefer…to…
give常用短語
give up放棄
give in讓步\屈服
give off 散發(fā)出
give away贈送、泄漏
give rise to 引起……
give out 疲勞、用完、散發(fā)出
fit常用短語
be fit for適合
keep fit/keep healthy保持健康
be fit to do 適合于…..
fit in with適應(yīng)……
a nice fit合身的衣服
…fit sb.某人穿….. 合身
reach 常用短語
reach an agreement達(dá)成協(xié)議
reach for…伸手去拿/夠……
within / out of reach夠得到/夠不著
reach sb's understanding 使某人明白
feed常用短語
feed sth. to sb/feed sb. on sth. 用……喂養(yǎng)……
be fed up of…/ be tired of…/ be bored with…
對……感到厭倦
feed on以……為食
mercy常用短語
without mercy殘忍地
have mercy on /upon 對……表示憐憫
at the mercy of任憑擺布
beg for mercy 乞求饒恕
exist常用短語
exist in/lie in/consist in存在于……
in existence 現(xiàn)存的
come into existence/ come into being 形成
opinion常用短語
in one's opinion =in the opinion of sb.在某人看來
have a high/ low opinion of
對……評價高/低
give one's opinion on
對……談自己的看法
persuade常用短語
persuade sb. to do =
persuade sb. into doing
說服某人做某事
try to persuade sb. to do
試圖說服某人做某事
persuade sb. to sth.
說服某人同意某事
engage 常用短語
be engaged to sb.
與某人訂婚
be engaged in sth. =
be engaged doing sth.
忙于……, 從事某事
wide 與broad 的區(qū)別
它們均可以表"寬"和"廣闊的"
a river 50 feet wide/ broad
指身體部位"寬肩、寬背"一般用broad, 表示
"睜大眼睛、張大嘴巴"一般用wide。
broad shoulders/ back
with wide eyes
open one's mouth wide
wide 還可以作副詞，表示"完全、大大地"
be wide awake
be wide open
sure常用短語
be sure of/about
對……由把握
be sure to do sth.
肯定會……
make sure + that-clause
務(wù)必……,一定要……
make sure of…
弄清楚……
experience 常用短語
have experience in…
在……有經(jīng)驗
be experienced in…
在……有經(jīng)驗
pain 常用短語
take great pains to do
努力做某事
spare no pains to do
全力以赴做某事
stick 常用短語
stick to sth.
堅持……
stick …on…
粘貼……
be stuck in …
陷進(jìn)……
stick no bills
請勿張貼
spare 常用短語
spare money/time for
省出錢…，騰出時間
in one's spare time
在某人業(yè)余時間
spare no efforts to do
不遺余力去做
don't spare the opinions
不要保留意見
put down的不同含義
put down (one's knife and fork) 放下……
pit down the rebellion
鎮(zhèn)壓
put down what sb. says
記下，寫下
take up 的不同含義
take up a hobby
培養(yǎng)……
take up football
開始……
take up the work
繼續(xù)……
take up…time/space
消耗,占據(jù)……
take up a post
就職
take up a song/ cry
跟著一起……
habit 常用短語
form/get the habit of
養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣
be in/have the habit of
有…….習(xí)慣
get into the habit of
沾染了……惡習(xí)
get rid of the habit=
grow out of the habit=
break away from the habit
改掉了……習(xí)慣
資料保存：高中三年英語重要短語
1. be afraid of
2. agree to do sth.
3. not…at all
4. one after another
5. at last
6. at once
7. at the same time
8. at work
9. be away from
10. go away
11. make the bed
12. do one's best
13. be busy with
14. be busy doing sth
15. by bus /car / plane
16. catch up with
17. catch cold
18. day after day
19. do some cleaning
20. eat up / use up
21. in the end
22. fall ill
23. on foot
24. make friends with sb.
25. in front of
26. get back /in /off /on
27. get on with
28. give up
29. go on doing sth.
30. go shopping
31. be good at
32. hand in / out
33. have a good time
34. have breakfast / supper
35. have sports
36. hear from
37. here and there
38. hold a meeting
39. hold on
40. hurry up
41. keep on doing sth.
42. all kinds of
43. a kind of
44. laugh at
45. listen to sb.
46. no longer
47. look after / at / for/ up
48. make a mistake
49. make a noise
50. in the middle of
51. neither…nor
52. from now on
53. a number of
54. at once
55. once upon a time
56. put on / sth down / up
57. get / be ready
58. take / have a rest
59. ring up
60. send for
61. by the side of
62. go to sleep
63. stop sb. from doing sth.
64. take a walk
65. take away
66. take out
67. take down / off
68. take a train / bus
69. think about
70. all the time
71. on / in time
72. too…to
73. try on
74. turn off
75. wake up
76. by the way
77. one the / one's way to…
78. write down
79. take a message for sb.
80. What a pity!
81. of course
82. turn left
83. feel well
84. neck and neck
85. fall behind
86. take turns
87. hands up
88. as usual
89. prefer a. to b.
90. You'd better not do sth.
91. Help oneself to sth.
92. change one's mind
93. make a mistake
94. take one's time
95. knock into sb.
96. be covered with
97. with one's help
98. wear out
99. sell out
100. be in surprise
101. be afraid of
102.at the foot of
From Senior Book One
103. meet for the first time
104. at the beginning of
105. nice meeting you
106. go away
107. in one's opinion
108. summer vacation
109. a general idea
110. find out
111. right now
112. from dawn until dark
113. go on doing sth
114. by the lights of
115. as a result
116. pump water
117. on an open fire
118. give one's regards to sb.
119. that's nice of sb.
120. send sb. best wishes
121. follow one's instructions
122. by the side of
123. at the end of
124. a little man with glasses
125. have a way of doing sth.
126. dip sth.into sth.
127. hold up
128. instead of
129. make a face
130. have difficulty in doing sth
131. have difficulty with sth.
132. know about
133. more or less
134. stay the same
135. way of life
136. bring in
137. I guess
138. go off to Guangzhou
139. see sb.off
140. take a taxi
145. a friend of mine
146. by air /sea
147. say Hi to A. from B.
148. have a good trip
149. tie the boat to a tree
150. by the river bank
151. all night long
152. be about to do sth.
153. nothing except / but
154. at a high price
155. stay long
156. cover a.with b.
157. so that
158. in rows
159. from now on
160. in order to
161. make sure
162. knock sb. down
163. obey the rules
164. break the rules
165. in the past
166. wash away
167. take a look at
168. take a picnic
169. a great many
170. agree on
171. supply sb. sth
172. all over the country
173. at the crossing
174. plenty of
175. as soon as possible
176. set up
177. spend ...in doing / on sth.
178. as follows
179. fall off / down
180. for quite a while
181. a great part of
182. on the morning of
183. the number of
184. cut off
185. at 5.3 centimetres a year
186. as a result of
187. It is said that
188. do one's best to do sth.
189. change a. for b.
190. a waste of money
191. make a decision
192. go up
193. bring down
194. get sb.to do sth.
195. be used to doing sth.
196. keep a record of
197. thanks to
198. at one time
199. make plans for
200. at home and abroad
201. take up
202. every four years
203. take part in /join in / compete in
204. used to do sth.
205. hear of
206. on / over / through the radio
207. be well thought of
208. make fun of sb.
209. not just…but…
210. The more,the better.
211. That's easy said than done.
213. go with
214. give advice to sb.
215. from month to month
216. write to sb.
217. tens of thousands of
218. be well received
219. be of great help
220. write to/ about/write for
221. fight against, fight for
222. She did all (that )she could (do) to help him
223. She did what she could do to help him.
224. no more than
225. in one's spare time
226. break out, break into ,
227. break down
228. early the next morning
229. be sad at sth.
230. consider sb to be.
231. be beaten to death
232. measure a. with b.
233. get along well with
234. ask sb. for sth.
235. tell lies
From Senior Book Two
236. advise sb. To do sth.
237. have a good rest
238. take the medicine
239. get a cough / headache
240. I suggest sb. do sth.
241. and so on
242. be measured in calories
243. burn up
244. be rich / low /high in
245. in the form of
246. scores of
247. put on /lose weight
248. look out
249. be on fire / catch fire
250. in that case
251. turn the gas off
252. sound the fire alarm
253. be trapped in
254. belong to
255. in the ceiling of
256. get close to
257. at present
258. long ago
259. the number of sth.
260. It is hoped that
261. be invited to
262. call on sb.
263. Sth. look nice on sb.
264. pay back
265. be worth
266. at the most
267. pick up
268. to one's surprise
269. offer sth. to sb.
270. think of / think about
271. be cross
272. look down upon sb.
273. in the beginning
274. come out
275. again and again
276. a paper-making factory
277. catch /have a cold
278. come across sb.
279. cut up
280. praise sb. for sth.
281. in one's fifties
282. give advice on sth.
283. receive a doctor's degree
284. be supported by sb.
285. close friends
286. translate a. into b.
287. make progress
288. before long /long before
289. stand for
290. be made up of
300. be famous for
301. be devided into
302. be full of / be filled with
303. live on potatoes
304. keep in touch with sb.
305. go to church
306. play an important part in
307. feel like doing sth.
308. on the edge of sth.
309. all through the year
310. rise by 63 metres
311. be in danger
312. stone by stone
313. work on sth.
314. be marked with
315. at breakfast
316. in danger
317. make a good effort
318. date from
319. be busy with
320. knock out of
321. point out
322. turn over
323. go against
324. year after/by year
325. agree to do sth.
326. now and then
327. give a talk
328. send out
329. get through
330. ring sb.back / up
331. May I have your attention?
332. receive an invitation
333. accept the invitation
334. be out of breath
335. turn down
336. ring off
337. for free
338. become interested in
339. form a pop group
340. manage to do sth.
341. persuade sb. to do sth.
From Senior Book Three
342. go straight ahead
343. at the entrance to …
343. on the other side
344. in the hope of
345. take along
346. lose heart
347. in this way
348. be pleased with
349. in the 1920s
350. as far as the coast
351. bring on sth.
352. Do you mind if I do sth?
353. Would you mind if I did it
354. I wonder if I could do sth.
355. Non-smoking office
356. smoke a cigarette
357. fall asleep
358. one third of
359. die of / die from
360. remain in business
361. compared to sb.
362. kick one's smoking habit
363. give sth. up
364. get one into the habit of
365. be used to sth /doing sth.
366. call for
367. share sth. with sb.
368. compare a. with b.
369. help sb.do/to do /with sth.
370. make oneself understood by words
371. be accepted as
372. nod / shake the head
373. shake hands with sb.
374. wave one's arms
375. an English-speaking country
376. do some research on sth.
377. be proud of sb.
378. stand close to each other
379. keep a distance away
380. talk with sb's mouth full
381. a copy of China Daily
382. What's on this weekend?
383. give a performance
384. They are said to do sth=
385. It is said that
386. cover the events
387. get down to sth/doing sth.
388. fix a time
389. have a face-to-face interview
390. do telephone interviews
391. look up sth in dictionary
392. type sth.into the computer
393. There is no time left
394. in the coming week
395. cut the costs of sth
396. be popular with sb.
397. as well. as well as
398. practise doing sth.
399. intend to do sth
400. set off for the USA
401. after a short while
402. be uncertain about
403. add a. to b.
404. be honoured for sth.
405. make a contribution to sth.
406. be set in California
407. pick up
408. be caught in a snow storm
409. in a great hurry
410. bring up sb.
411. Excuse me for doing sth.
412. What a shame
413. be pressed with
414. in the late 1870s
415. keep a bank
416. here and there
417. can't help doing sth.
418. trade with
419. first day covers
420. sooner or later
421. add to sth.
422. used stamps
423. tell the difference between a. and b.
424. fill a.with b.
425. generally speaking
426. struggle against
427. from area to area
426. below freezing
427. all the year round
428. natural gas
429. a great deal of
430. on average
431. make use of
432. keep alive
433. offer sb. a lift room
434. clear sth. up
435. the other day
436. tidy sth.up
437. knock sb. off
438. What happened to me?
439. take it easy
440. stay still
441. medical care
442. at the back of
443. deal with
444. pour a. into b.
445. keep out of the reach of
446. do sth. by mistake
447. nearby hospital
448. large quantities of
449. be fit for sb.
450. hear about
451. standing room
452. pay special attention to
453. deep in the heart of
454. fail to do sth.
455. time and time again
456. lose one's sight
457. be present
458. off the coast
459. living things
460. die out
461. in all
462. point to / at
463. to one's great joy
464. be that foolish
465. judge sb. by the clothes
466. put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.
467. apologize to sb.for sth
468. be after
469. do sb. a favor
470. make sth to sb's own measure
471. depend on sb.
472. drop in at / in sb./ a place
473. once upon a time
474. do up one's button
475. take sb. seriously
476. What is worse
477. be suitable for doing sth
478. keep back
479. be equal to
480. pretend to do sth.
481. play a part of
482. be caught in
483. be anxious about
484. be likely to do sth.
485. call in
486. take the place of
487. 30cm by 30cm by 50cm
488. for one thing
489. make a lot of noise
490. stare straight at sb.
491. bend over
492. worse still
493. attack one's attention
494. carry off
495. look into
496. run out of food
From Senior Book Four
497. do a word puzzle
498. all through one's life
499. lead to sth
500. the Noble Prize for sth.
501. refuse to do sth.
502. a cheque for $100
503. live the rest of one's life
504. take American nationality
505. be fond of
506. lead a simple way of life
507. leave a. for b.
508. go on with sth.
509. stick to sth.
510. take sides in
511. be respected as
512. further education
513. So far as I know
514. get sth. ready
515. in space
516. travel in a high circle
517. at the speed of
518. keep sth out of
519. set up an organization
520. with the help of
521. outer space
522. carry out
523. attempt to do sth.
524. be connected with
525. have a seat
526. personal affairs
527. see to sth.
528. mean to do sth.
529. make a note of
530. It's time sb. did sth
531. Remember me to sb
532. delay sth./doing sth
533. be well known for sth.
534. I dare say
535. pay sb. a visit
536. do repairs
537. There is no doubt about it
538. Sb.be supposed to do sth
539. a length of
540. I wish I did sth
541. dive off the rock
542. take a deep breath
543. go cycling
544. by weight
545. stay clean
546. a variety of
547. at a time
548. at the bottom of
549. feed on sth.
550. hold one's breath
551. for ages
552. in the opposite direction
553. the majority of
554. be out of work
555. in future
556. in the future
557. work out
558. be convenient to do
559. in the fields of education
560. pay bills
561. search a. for b.
562. vote for sb
563. on the screen
564. be against / for
565. take sth. for example
556. keep fit
557. electric hair drier
558. put sth into practice
559. by fax / telegraph
560. lay the table
561. quite by accident
562. light a cigar
563. buy a coffee
564. move from side to side
565. have a lot in common
566. happen to do sth
567. leave sb/sth. doing sth.
568. take over
569. on one's own
570. booking office
571. in rush hour
572. drive off
573. be in great surprise
574. be in total silence
575. be angry with sb. for sth.
576. be introduced to
577. a couple of
578. over and over again
579. put sb.in / into prison
580. the Nobel Peace Prize
581. set an example to sb.
582. make a speech
583. side by side
584. make friends / enimies
585. achieve one's goal
586. in one's lifetime
587. separate a.from b.
588. What is the time by one's watch
589. as a matter of fact
590. dream of
591. come true
592. even though / if
593. prevent …from doing
594. as though
595. in need of
596. end up
597. at the latest
598. look forward to
599. be familiar with
600. earn one's living
601. learn sth.by heart
602. in praise of
603. get married to
604. Let sb in
605. have a test
606. in peace
607. fall in love with
608. make sure of
609. suffer from
610. in public
611. set fire to
612. burn … to the ground
613. do wrong
614. sentence sb. to death
615. do a good deed
616. get together
617. all the best
618. have a word with sb.
619. connect with
620. in other words
621. free of charge
622. a bathing suit
623. pay heavy taxes
From Senior Book Five
624.have something to do with
625.be willing to do sth
626.devote one's time/life/effort to sth/doing sth
627.be determined to do sth
628.succeed in doing sth
629. in honour of
630.give off
631.belng to
632.set off a nuclear bomb
633.have an effect on
634.from then on
635.above all
636.believe in
637.heart and soul
638.pay off
639.provide sb with sth
640.go bad
641.insist on doing sth
642.take (an) interest in
643.take sth by surprise
644.with the purpose of
645.set out for some place
646.set sail
647.in searxh of
648.fall ill
649.in charge of
650.be worth doing
651.put out
652.look out
653.start a fire
654.become experienced at
655.separate…from…
656.feed on
657.round up
658.all the year round
659.hand down
660.rather than
661.give birth to
662.look forward to
663.now and again
664.fix a date
665starve to death
666.in a word
667.in debt
668.make good sense
669.help oneself to
670.express one's satisfaction with sth
671.bring in
672.go hand in hand
673.try out
674.a waste of money
675.admire sb for sth
676.remind sb of sth
677.get rid of
678.in this way
679.get rid of
680.break up
681.seek to do sth
682.be active in
683.shut down
684.sentence sb to death
685.masses of
686.protect sb from sth
687.watch over
688.fall to pieces
689.at war
690.take on
691.carry on with
692.fall into ruins
693 cover an area of 200 square kilometers
694.in a poor state
695.keep off
696.in battle
697.be of great importance
698.keep one's word
699.have a misunderstanding about sth
700.be ashamed of
701.ahead of time
702.burst into tears
703.but for
704.do everything sb can to do sth
705.express one's thanks
706.on the point of
707.so long as
708.give out
709.to one's delight
710.to be honest
711.take charge
712.on board
713.keep one's balance
714.be content with
715.be content to do sth
716.in all
717.be proud of
718.take pride in
719.lose one's voice
720.turn up
721.in actual fact
722.in a flash
723.in uniform
724.look round
725.on one's arrival
726.play a trick on
727.as busy as a bee
728.break into
729.be ready to do sth
730.scold sb for
731.take place
732.on condition that
733.make a promise
734.fall in love with
735.have mercy on
736.be seated
737.do the deed
738.go down on one's knees
739.at the mercy of
740.take…in one's arms
741.use one's head
742.paly the role of
743.according to
744.not all
745.lead an active life
746.hve no choice but to do sth
747.all through the winter
748.make use of
749.be connected with
750.lie in
751.move about
752.a good many
753.keep up
754.tear down
755.turn away
756.take possession of
757.now that
758.give in
759die out
760.have a hard time
761.become of
762.in chains
763.once in a while
764.pass down from generation to generation
765.roll over
強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：
高考英語詞匯400題及詳解
1. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.
A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered
[答案] D. considered
[注釋] considered 考慮; admit 承認(rèn); absorb 吸收。
[注意]acknowledge 1) (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承認(rèn), 供認(rèn); A. He acknowledged his mistake. (他承認(rèn)了他的錯誤。) B. 接動名詞 He acknowledged having been beaten. (他承認(rèn)被打敗了。) 2) (express thanks for) 致謝; A. Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. (瑪麗致函感謝饋贈的禮物。) B. His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present. (向他贈送禮品以感謝他長期來對公司的服務(wù)。)
2. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____.
A. command B. conviction C. consent D. compromise
[答案] C. consent
[注釋] consent 同意, 贊成, 答應(yīng)。conviction 深信, 確信。compromise 妥協(xié), 折中。command 命令, 指令; 掌握, 運(yùn)用能力。
3. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry.
A. powerful B. influential C. monstrous D. vigorous
[答案] A. powerful
[注釋] powerful (=having or producing great power) 強(qiáng)有力的。在這里四個形容詞中, 只有powerful (有效力的) 可與表示藥物的名詞搭配。influential 有影響的, 有勢力的, monstrous 異常大的, vigorous 精力旺盛的, 強(qiáng)健有力的。
4. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.
A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejected
[答案] B. abandoned
[注釋] abandoned (=give up completely) 放棄, 拋棄; 1) The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 2) The sailors abandoned the burning ship.
[注意]abandon 暗指某人對其所拋棄的人或物將會發(fā)生什么事情不感興趣, 如把撞壞的汽車拋棄在路旁。vanish (=suddenly disappear; go out of existence) vi.消失, 絕跡; 1) The airplane vanished into the clouds.2) Many kinds of animals have vanished form the earth. (許多種類的動物以在地球上絕跡。) scatter (=send, go in different direction) 驅(qū)使, 使分散; The police scattered the crowed. (警察驅(qū)散人群。) (=throw or put in various directions) 撒, 到處放; He scattered his clothes all over the room. reject (=refuse to accept) 拒絕接受; She rejected my suggestion.
5. Henry's news report covering the conference was so _____ that nothing had been omitted.
A. understanding B. comprehensible
C. comprehensive D. understandable
[答案] C. comprehensive.
[注釋] comprehensive 完全的無所不包的; comprehensible 能懂的, 可以理解的; understandable 可以理解的, 主要用來指人的行為。understanding 用來指人時, 表示"善于理解別人或別人問題的 (人) 。"注意下面的搭配：a comprehensive map (街區(qū)詳圖) ; a comprehensible remark (聽得懂的話) ,an understandable mistake (可以理解的錯誤) ; an understanding friend (一位能理解人的朋友) 。
6. She was afraid that unless the train speeded up she would lose her _____ to Scotland.
A. ticket B. place C. seat D. connection
[答案] D. connection
[注釋] lose one's connection to 誤了到......地方去的 (汽車、火車、輪船的) 聯(lián)運(yùn); The train was late and I missed my connection.
7. The ship was _____ in a storm off Jamaica.
A. drowned B. sunk C. wrecked D. submitted
[答案] C. wrecked
[注釋] wreck vt. 撞壞, 毀壞; 1) My son wrecked my car. 2) My car was completely wrecked in the accident.
sink vt. 下沉, 沉沒, 該動詞也可作及物動詞用, 意為"使下沉", 但按本題句意看, 用被動語態(tài)不妥。 drown 溺死, 淹死： (vt.) He drowned his wife. (vi) He drowned in the river. (他在河里淹死了。) submit 1) (=put oneself under the control of another) 提交, 呈送 (to) ： Should a wife submit herself to her husband? (妻子應(yīng)順從他丈夫嗎？) 2) (=put forward for option, discussion, decision ect.) 提出 (供評論、討論決定等) You must submit your request to the committee. 3) (=surrender (to) , give in) 屈服,投降：After being defeated, they submitted to the enemy. (打敗后, 他們向敵人投降了。)
8. No one has _____ been able to trace the author of the poem.
A. still B. yet C. already D. just
[答案] B. yet
[注釋] yet 常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句中, 意為"尚, 還"。
9. More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.
A. previously B. predominantly C practically D. permanently
[答案] B. predominantly.
[注釋] predominantly (=mostly; mainly) 主要地。 previously (=coming earlier in time or order) 先前, 早先; This is better than any solution previously. (這個辦法比以前提出的任何解決辦法都好。) practically (=really; in a practical way) 實際上。permanently (=going on for a long time) 永久地。
本題譯文：在美國, 華人中有三分之一居住在加利福尼亞洲, 其中主要是在舊金山。
10. The new secretary has written a remarkably _____ report only in a few pages but with all the details.
A. concise B. clear C. precise D. elaborate
[答案] A. concise.
[注釋] concise (=brief; giving much information in few words) 簡明扼要的：He gave a concise report of the meeting. (他對會議作了簡明扼要的報道。) clear 清楚的。precise (=exact; correctly stated; free form error) 精確的, 明白無誤的; Please tell me the precise measurements. (請告訴我精確的尺寸。) elaborate (=worked out with much care; carefully prepared) 精心制作的, 豐盛的：Peter worked out an elaborate scheme for raising the money. (彼得制定了一項詳盡得計劃來籌集著筆款項。) 孤立地看, 似乎4個形容詞均能修飾report, 但從句子的邏輯關(guān)系看, 后半句中有only in a few pages but with all the details, 故concise 是最貼切的選擇了。
11. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.
A. guilt B. charge C. blame D. accusation
[答案] C. blame.
[注釋]take the blame for 對......承擔(dān)責(zé)任。Take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)管理 (照顧) 。[注意]charge 前無冠詞the.
12. The worker agreed to _____ the strike if the company would satisfy their demands.
A. call for B. call forth C. call off D. call up
[答案] C. call off [注釋] 詳見III,25,26注釋。
13. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't _____ what color it was.
A. look out B. make out C. get across D. take after
[答案] B. make out [注釋] 詳見III,123注釋。
14. He has impressed his employers considerably and _____ he is soon to be promoted.
A. eventually B. yet C. finally D. accordingly
[答案] D. accordingly.
[注釋]accordingly (=for that reason, therefore) 因此, 所以。
15. It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A. attempt B. trouble C. power D. effort
[答案] D. effort.
[注釋] effort (作可數(shù)名詞用) (=vigorous attempt) 努力的嘗試：Does it require a great effort of will to give up smoking? (戒煙需要堅強(qiáng)的毅力嗎？)
16. The firemen managed to _____ the fire in time.
A. extinguish B. prevent C. suppress D. ruin
[答案] A. extinguish.
[注釋] extinguish (=put out) vt. 撲滅 (火焰等) 。Stop the fire雖然也可以搭配, 但按本句題意用extinguish為最佳。
17. What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richard _____ common.
A. nothing but B. anything but C. above all D. rather than
[答案] B. anything but.
[注釋] anything but (=far from being) 根本不; The boys knew they bad broken the rules, and they were anything but happy when they were called to the office. (=They were unhappy and afraid.) nothing but 只不過; Don't have him for a friend; he's nothing but a criminal. (不要把他當(dāng)朋友, 他只不過是個罪犯。) I have nothing but two dollars. (我只有2美元。) above all最重要的。rather than 而不是.
18. The car was completely _____ and the driver seriously injured.
A. broken off B. taken off C. written off D. picked up
[答案] C. written off. [注釋] write off報廢, 參看III, 200.注釋; break off參看III.13.注釋; take off參看III.170.注釋; pick up參看III.130,129.注釋。
19. On this happy occasion, I'd like to say that we are _____ much obliged to you for your kind cooperation.
A. even so B. ever so C. as yet D. so far
[答案] B. ever so.
[注釋]ever so (=very) 非常; It's ever so cold.與名詞搭配時則用ever such, 如：She's ever such a nice girl. (她是一位非常好的姑娘。) even so (=although that is true, nevertheless; still) 即使如此：The fire was out, but even so, the smell of smoke was strong. (=The fire was out, but the smell was still there.)
20. His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.
A. place B. effect C. post D. office
[答案] B. effect. [注釋]take effect 生效。
21. The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _____ him of speeding.
A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. deprived
[答案] B. accused.
[注釋]accuse sb. of... 控告某人犯有......, warn sb. of警告、告戒某人有......deprive sb. of sth.剝奪某人某事。charge sb. with murder (指控某人犯有殺人罪) 。
22. Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the subject.
A. attained B. achieved C. required D. acquired
[答案] D. acquired.
[注釋]acquired (=gain for oneself by skill or ability, by one's own efforts or behavior) (由技術(shù)、能力、努力或行為) 獲得; 得到：He has acquired a good command of English language. (他已精通英語。) achieve, vt. 取得 (勝利、成功等) , 實現(xiàn) (目標(biāo)、目的等) 。 attain, vt. 達(dá)到 (目的等) , 取得 (成就等) ：1) I hope you will attain your object. (我希望你會達(dá)到你的目的。) 2) He attained success through hard work.
23. This is the _____ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.
A. actual B. genuine C. real D. original
[答案] A. actual [注釋]本題中actual (=existing in fact, not imaginary) 實際使用過的。
actual, read, genuine是同義詞, 有時可以互換, 如：an actual (or real) event in history, (歷史上的真實事件) , real (or genuine) banknotes (真鈔票), 其反義詞是false (假的) ; original (原來的) , 其反義詞是duplicate (復(fù)制的) 。從不同的角度看, 似乎任何一個選擇都說得過去, 但按照題意選A. actual 最佳, 因為題中強(qiáng)調(diào)的不是鋼琴的真假, 而是指作曲家"實際使用過的"。本題譯文：這是作曲家創(chuàng)作他的一些杰出作品時實際使用過的那臺鋼琴。
24. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A. treated B. adopted C. adjusted D. remedied
[答案] C. adjusted.
[注釋]adjust (=arrange, put in order or agreement; make suitable or convenient for use) 強(qiáng)調(diào), 調(diào)節(jié), 使適應(yīng); The body adjusts itself to change of temperature. (身體能自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)溫度的變化。) My eyes have not been adjusted to dark yet. (我的眼睛還沒有適應(yīng)黑暗。) 本句中adjust是不及物動詞。I must adjust my watch. It's slow. (我必須調(diào)一下我的表。它走得慢了。)
25. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _____ of maturity.
A. fulfillment B. achievement
C. establishment D. accomplishment
[答案] B. achievement
[注釋]achievement (=something successfully finished or gained especially through skill and hard work) 取得, 達(dá)到, 成就。例如：achievement age智力成熟年齡。fulfilment (=the act of fulfilling or condition of being fulfilled) 履行, 實行。如：He was willing to face any hardship in fulfilment of his duties. (他愿意迎向困難去履行他得職責(zé)。) establishment 建立,建設(shè)。Accomplishment (順利) 完成：It was a great accomplishment to finish the house cleaning in two days. (兩天內(nèi)打掃完這棟屋子是件很了不起的事。)
26. The number of tickets _____ will be determined by the size of the stadium.
A. adaptable B. acceptable C. advisable D. available
[答案] D. available.
[注釋] available. (=capable of being used; that may be obtained) 可用的, 有效的, 可得到的。例如：1) There are no doctors available in the remote areas. (在邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)沒有大夫。) 2) There tickets are available for on month. (這些票有效期一個月。)
acceptable 可以接受的：None of the suggestions was acceptable. advisable 明智的, 可取的, 適當(dāng)?shù)模篒 think it advisable that he be assigned to the job. (我認(rèn)為指派他干這項工作是可取的。) adaptable 能適應(yīng)的：He is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work.
27. Too many hotels have been built and this has _____ prices, making holidays cheaper.
A. cut short B. cut out C. cut off D. cut down
[答案] D. cut down.
[注釋] cut down 參閱III,38注釋。
28. He is a very honest official and never _____ any gifts from the people who sought his help.
A. accepted B. received C. took up D. excepted
[答案] A. accepted
[注釋] receive 收到, 接到, 指"收, 接"這一動作; 而accept 是經(jīng)過考慮"接受"下來, 表示當(dāng)事人的態(tài)度, 如：I received the present, but I did not accept it. (我收到了這件禮物, 但我沒有接受。)
29. He was not _____ to the club because he wasn't a member.
A. allowed B. admitted C. permitted D. approved
[答案] B. admitted.
[注釋] admit sb. to (=allow sb. or sth. to enter; let in) 允許某人某物進(jìn)入; 讓......進(jìn)入：1) Children are not admitted. (兒童免進(jìn)。) Only one hundred boys are admitted to the school the school every year. (這所學(xué)校每年只收100名男生。) admit (=acknowledge; confess) 承認(rèn), 供認(rèn)：1) We have to admit that he is a highly competent man. (我們不得不承認(rèn)他是一位能力很強(qiáng)的人。) 2) The thief admitted his crime. 3) She admitted having read the letter, 4) I admit breaking the window. 注意admit后可接動名詞的一般式或完成式。5) We must admit the task to be difficult。注意admit也可以接復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。allow和permit后均可接sb. to do sth., 故不合本題題意。approve sth. 批準(zhǔn); approve of doing sth. (=think well of) 贊成, 贊許：1) I am afraid they won't approve of your going there. (恐怕他們不會贊成你去那里的。) 2) I don't approve of your way of looking at things. (我不贊同你看待事情的方法。)
30. Although he doesn't like that law, he will _____ with it.
A. confine B. conform C. comply D. contend
[答案] C. comply [注釋] comply with 遵守。
31. Motorists _____ of speeding may be banned from driving for a year.
A. convicted B. arrested C. charged D. judged
[答案] A. convicted.
[注釋]be convicted to 被判有...... (罪) ：He was convicted of murder. (他被法院判有謀殺罪。)
32. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _____ attitude.
A. changeable B. alternate C. movable D. flexible
[答案] D. flexible.
[注釋] flexible 靈活的, 可變通的; We need a foreign policy that is more flexible.
33. Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?
A. in relation to B. in excess of
C. in contrast to D. in favor of
[答案] D. in favor of.
[注釋] in favor of 贊成。in excess of 超過。in relation to 關(guān)系到。in contrast to 與......相對照。例如：
1) Everyone in the class voted in favor of the party. (=All of the children voted to have a party.)
2) We got $5000 in excess of the fixed sum. (我們盯定額多收入5000美元。)
3) This appears small in contrast to (with) that. (這個同那個對比起來顯得小了。)
4) I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. (我對那件事有許多話要說。)
5) We must plan in (with) relation to the future. (我們定計劃時要考慮到將來。)
本題譯文：請所有贊成此項建議的人舉手。
34. An early typewriter produced letters quickly and neatly; the typist, _____ couldn't see his work on his machine.
A. however B. therefore C. yet D. although
[答案] A. however.
[注釋] however 然而。
本題譯文：早期的打字機(jī)打起字來又快又整齊, 然而打字員不能看著機(jī)器鍵盤打字。
35. We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly ------ what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A. benefits B. guides C. affects D. effects
[答案] C. affects.
[注釋] affect (=have an influence or effect on) 影響：The climate affected his health. (氣候影響[損害]了他的健康。)
[注意]affect vt. 影響。effect n. (=influent) 影響, 作用：Some films have a misleading effect on children. effect vt. (=bring about) 實行, 進(jìn)行, 產(chǎn)生......后果:1) I will effect my purpose: no-one shall stop me! 2) We hope to effect an improvement. (我們希望能引起改進(jìn)。)
注意兩個常用的習(xí)語:1) to that effect 那個意思的 (話) ：She said she hated spinach, or words to that effect. (她說她不喜歡吃菠菜或那個意思的話。) 2) to the effect that... 意思時說, 表示下述意思：I said a few words the effect that all he had told us was already well known. (我說了幾句話, 意思是說他告訴我們的一切都已眾所周知。)
36. I can meet you at eight o'clock; _____ you can call for me.
A. incidentally B. actually
C. alternatively D. accordingly
[答案] C. alternatively
[注釋]alternatively (=as an alternative) 作為一個替代辦法：If however is used, but is not needed; or alternatively omit however. (如果使用however,就不需要but;或者作為一個替代辦法省去however。)
[注意]alternately 和 alternatively的區(qū)別:alternately (交替地) ：At a Chinese dinner, the guests and the hosts sit alternately at a round table.
37. He has the _____ of an athlete: he really goes all out to win.
A. instants B. instances C. instincts D. intelligences
[答案] C. instincts.
[注釋] instinct 天生的本領(lǐng)。instant n. 瞬間, 時刻; adj. 立即的, 直接的。如：instant coffee 速溶咖啡; instant food (s) 方便食品。例如：Spaceships are stocked with a variety of instant foods. (宇宙飛船上備有各種個樣的方便食品。)
38. A university is an educational institution which _____ degrees and carries out research.
A. rewards B. awards C. grants D. presents
[答案] B. awards.
[注釋]awards sb. sth. 授于某人某物。如：They awarded John the first prize. (他們授于約翰一等獎。)
對比：reward sb with sth. 以某物酬謝某人, 須加介詞with; They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog. (他們給這男孩5美元酬謝他把丟失的狗找回來。) grant (=consent to give or allow what is asked for) 同意 (給予) , 答應(yīng) (請求) ：The firm granted him a pension. (公司同意給予他退休金。) present sb. with sth. 贈送：Our class presented the school with a picture. (我們班給學(xué)校送了一幅畫。) present 頒發(fā), 呈遞：1) The principal will present the diplomas. (校長將頒發(fā)文憑。) 2) We shall present a complete report to the Annual Conference. (我們將向年會遞交一份全面的報告。)
本題句意是：大學(xué)是授予學(xué)位和進(jìn)行研究的教育機(jī)構(gòu)�？梢�, 本題應(yīng)選award.
39. The old lady can't hope to _____ her cold in a few days.
A. get over B. get off C. hold back D. hold up
[答案] A. get over [注釋] 參閱III,55注釋。
40. Jim's plans to go to college _____ at the last moment.
A. fell out B. gave away C. gave off D. fell through
[答案] D. fell through，未能實現(xiàn) [注釋] 參閱III,49注釋。
41. The Department is also deeply _____ in various improvement schemes.
A. connected B. included C. involved D. implied
[答案] C. involved.
[注釋]be involved in 參與。Be included in 包括在......中。
42. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves _____ know where to look.
A. virtually B. variously C. unavoidably D. invariably
[答案] D. invariably.
[注釋]invariably 總是, 不變地。Virtually 事實上, 實際上。unavoidably不可避免地。
43. The boy had a _____ escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.
A. close B. short C. narrow D. fine
[答案] C. narrow. [注釋]have a narrow escape 幸免遇難。
44. Do you mind if I _____ with my work while you are getting tea ready.
A. get through B. turn to C. carry on D. come on
[答案] C. carry on. [注釋]carry on 繼續(xù), 參看Ⅲ,28。
45. I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _____ traffic jam.
A. in line with B. in case of
C. for the sake of D. at the risk of
[答案] B. in case of.
[注釋] in case of 參看Ⅲ,94注釋。
In line with (=in agreement with) 與......一致, 符合：His actions were not in line with his belief.本句中in line with...作表語。In line with history and social evolution socialism is inevitable.本句中in line with引導(dǎo)地短語作狀語, 意為"按照"。For the sake of 為了......起見。At the sake of冒......的風(fēng)險。
46. The finance minister has not been so _____ since he raised taxes to such a high level.
A. popular B. well-known C. favorable D. preferable
[答案] A. popular.
[注釋]popular 此處意為" (=liked and admired) 受愛戴的, 有名聲或聲望的"。
47. It is wrong for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave too badly in public.
A. situation B. position C. employment D. profession
[答案] B. position.
[注釋]position 此句中指"地位" (不可數(shù), 有時加不定冠詞), 如：1) She was a woman of high position. 2) a high (low) position society.
48. We all knew from the very _____ that the plan would fail.
A. outcome B. outset C. income D. output
[答案] B. outset.
[注釋] outset 開端, 開始, from the very outset (從一開始) 。outbreak爆發(fā), 發(fā)生。outcome結(jié)局. income 收入。output 產(chǎn)量。
49. He looked rather untidy as there were two buttons _____ from his coat.
A. loosing B. losing C. off D. missing
[答案] D. missing.
[注釋]missing 缺少的; a book with some missing pages. (缺頁書) 。
50. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs
[答案] B. charges.
[注釋]make charges for對......收 (費(fèi)) ; 索 (價) 。charge也可以用作動詞, 表示"收費(fèi), 索價", 如：1) We don't charge anything for that. (對此我們不收費(fèi)。) 2) How much do you charge for a haircut? (理個發(fā)要收多少錢？)
51. The workmen made so much _____ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.
A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. nuisance
[答案] C. mess.
[注釋]make mess弄得亂七八糟。Make a mess of"把......弄得亂七八糟"：He made a mess of his work. (他把他的工作搞得亂七八糟。)
52. They have held several meetings to _____ next year's production plans.
A. set down B. make out C. work up D. draw up
[答案] D. draw up.
[注釋]參閱III,42。
本題譯文, 他們已開過幾次會議來起草明年得生產(chǎn)計劃。
53. How can we get this language point _____ to the students.
A. down B. round C. across D. into
[答案] C. across.
[注釋]參閱III,64注釋。
本題譯文, 我們怎樣才能把這個語言點(diǎn)向?qū)W生講清楚？
54. This book gives a brief _____ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall.
A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook
[答案] A. outline.
[注釋]outline 輪廓, 概要; give an outline of sth. 概要說明某事。
55. Dress warmly, _____ you'll catch cold.
A. on the contrary B. or rather C. or else D. in no way
[答案] C. or else.
[注釋]or else (=otherwise; if not) 否則：Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.
56. Kate's ambition to become a nurse _____ from a desire to help others.
A. prompted B. promoted C. programmed D. proceeded
[答案] D. proceeded.
[注釋]proceed form (=arise form) 來自; 由......產(chǎn)生：1) Clouds of smoke proceeded form the chimney. (從煙囪里升起縷縷濃煙。) 2) This proceeded from ignorance. (這是出于無知。)
[注意] proceed 的其他用法： (=go on [to do sth.]; continue) 接著 (做某事) ; 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行; 1) He proceeded to give me a vivid description of the mountainous scenery there. (他接著給我栩栩如生地描述那里的山區(qū)景色。) 2) 接介詞with; Now please proceed with your story. (現(xiàn)在請你接著將下去。) 3) 接介詞to: We will now proceed to the next business. (我們現(xiàn)在將接著干下面的一件事。) 4) 準(zhǔn)備取得 (某種學(xué)位) ：He will proceed to the degree of M.A. this year. (他準(zhǔn)備今年取得文科碩士學(xué)位。)
本題譯文：凱特想當(dāng)護(hù)士的志向出自于幫助他人的愿望。
57. The island where these rare birds nest has been declared a _____.
A. observation B. reservation
C. preservation D. conservation
[答案] D. conservation.
[注釋] conservation 保存(自然資源等) the conservation of soil and water 水土保持; the law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律。observation觀察; reservation (旅館房間、戲院座位等的) 預(yù)定; 保留 (意見) ; [美]保留地：1) Have you make your reservations? (你預(yù)定了沒有？) 2) I will accept the suggestion without reservation. (我將毫無保留地接受這項建議。) 3) The government has set apart Indian reservations. (政府已經(jīng)劃出印地安人保留地。) preservation保存 We must strive for the preservation of our natural resources. (我們必須努力保護(hù)自然資源)
conservation, preservation, reservation從漢語概念出發(fā)時很容易混淆。Conservation是動詞conserve派生的名詞, 與原來動詞的意義相同, 表示"保持、保存"時, 強(qiáng)調(diào)"珍惜、節(jié)用。 Preservation是動詞preserve派生的名詞, 強(qiáng)調(diào)"收藏、保存"使之完好無損或質(zhì)量不變; 常與食品、博物館收藏的展品等詞搭配。Reservation主要指意見、看法等的"保留"; 作"保留地"解時, 尤指美國印地安人保留地或澳大利亞土著民族保留地。本題指自然生態(tài)的保持, 用conservation最切題。
本題譯文：這個珍禽巢居的島已宣布為自然保護(hù)區(qū)。
58. Although John was the eldest in the family, he always let his sister _____ charge of the house.
A. take B. hold C. make D. get
[答案] A. take.
[注釋]take charge of (=to be or become responsible for sb. or sth.) 負(fù)責(zé)、掌管、看管; He took charge of the department (or the children) .
59. The child enjoyed _____ up the wooden bricks then knocking them down.
A. adding B. pushing C. piling D. forming
[答案] C. piling.
[注釋] pile up (=lay in a pile or as if in a pile) 把......放成一堆, 堆積：pile up the books on the table (把書堆在桌子上) 。Pile up作不及物動詞用, 意為"積壓; (若干汽車) 相撞"：1) Perishable goods are piling up at the docks. (碼頭上易腐爛的貨物堆積如山。) 2) Several cars piled up after ignoring the fog warning on the motorway. (由于無視高速公路上的大霧警告, 有好幾輛汽車相撞。)
60. John was very upset because he was _____ by the police with breaking the law.
A. accused B. arrested C. sentenced D. charged
[答案] D. charged.
[注釋]be charged with受指控犯有......; He was charged with murder. (他受指控犯有兇殺罪。)
61. It isn't quite _____ that he will be present at the meeting.
A. sure B. right C. exact D. certain
[答案] D. certain.
[注釋]I am sure that +從句。He is sure to come. = He is certain to come.但在it作形式主語, that引導(dǎo)主語從句時, 主句中表語只能用certain, 不能用sure.
62. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A. opportunities B. realities
C. necessities D. probabilities
[答案] A. opportunities.
[注釋]opportunity常指" (難得的應(yīng)抓住的) 機(jī)會", 既可作可數(shù)名詞, 也可以作不可數(shù)名詞用, 如：I had few opportunities of meeting interesting people there. They had not much opportunity for hearing good music in the remote area.
63. The members of the club wouldn't run a _____ in entrusting（委托） the organization to an unreliable person.
A. danger B. risk C. hazard D. chance
[答案] B. risk.
[注釋]run a risk (in) 冒險：You are running a big risk in trusting him.
本題譯文：俱樂部成員不愿冒險把這個組織委托給一個不可靠的人管理。
64. The meeting was _____ when the chairman fell ill.
A. put down B. shut out C. cut short D. taken off
[答案] C. cut short.
[注釋]cut short (=interrupt) 打斷, 中斷：1) He made a suggestion, but I cut him short. (他提了個建議, 但我打斷了他。) 2) He cut short his tour and returned home. (他中斷旅行, 回家了。) shut off (=cut off, interrupt) 切斷, 中斷; 由指切斷供應(yīng)等, 如：The water was shut off for several hours while the plumber repaired the pipes. Shut out (=keep out; exclude; prevent form entering) 把......關(guān)在外面, 排除, 不讓入內(nèi)：1) He shut the cat out. (他把貓關(guān)在外面。) 2) The law was designed to shut out immigrants. (這項法律旨在拒絕移民入竟。) 3) They shut out the dust by having double windows. (他們用雙層窗戶防塵。) 4) They begin to speak French, shutting out the boy from their conversation. (他們講起法語來, 使這個男孩無法參加他們的談話。)
65. John says that his present job does not provide him with enough _____ for his organizing ability.
A. scope B. space C. capacity D. range
[答案] A. scope.
[注釋]本題中scope (=opportunity; outlet) 施展機(jī)會, 發(fā)展余地, 是不可數(shù)名詞, 如：Give someone scope to show his ability. Range意指"變動范圍; 視聽范圍; 理解范圍", 如：the range of prices (價格變動范圍).
66. I just managed to _____ a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by the passing boat.
A. snatch B. scratch C. scrape D. scan
[答案] A. snatch.
[注釋] snatch的原義是"攫取; 抓住; 奪得"。本題中snatch意指"匆忙間設(shè)法得到", 如：He snatched an hour of sleep. (他匆匆睡了一小時覺。) snatch a quick breath (匆忙猛吸了一口氣)。
67. My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very _____ about the food he eats.
A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. unusual
[答案] C. particular.
[注釋]be particular about對......講究, 挑剔; She is very particular about what she wears. (她對她得穿著很講究。) Mr. Smith was quite particular about my work. (史密斯先生對工作十分挑剔。)
68. I don't think the charge for overhauling （大修）the equipment is excessive in _____ to its size.
A. correspondence B. equation
C. proportion D. dimension
[答案] C. proportion.
[注釋]in proportion to是固定搭配, 意為"與......成比例, 與.......相稱"。反義語：out of proportion不成比例,不相稱。本題稱。
本題譯文：我認(rèn)為該設(shè)備的大修費(fèi)并不過分, 是與它的大小相稱的。
69. Voices were _____ as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.
A. swollen B. raised C. developed D. increased
[答案] B. raised.
[注釋]raise (=lift up) one's voice提高嗓門, 高聲叫喊。Raise one's voice against sth. 意為"為抗議某事而大聲疾呼", 如：As no one raised his voice against the plan, it was agreed on. (因為沒有人發(fā)表反對意見, 該計劃就一致通過了。) voice的常用習(xí)語有：the public voice (輿論) , under one's voice (小聲地) , with one voice (異口同聲地,一致地) ,lose one's voice (嗓子啞了, 說不出話來) , have no voice with (對某事無發(fā)言權(quán))。
70. Having lived in the town for quite a few years, Mr. Johnson no longer felt _____ among the local people.
A. out of order B. out of place
C. out of control D. out of the question
[答案] B. out of place.
[注釋]out of place (=in the wrong place or at the wrong time; not suitable; improper) (作表語用) 不適宜, 不得體：1) Joan was the only girl who wore a formal at the party, and she felt out of place. (=She felt embarrassed because her dress was not suitable for the party.) 2) It was out of place for Russell to laugh at the old lady. (=It was not proper; she should not have done it.) 此外,out of place (=not in the right usual place or position) (作狀語用) 不在原來通常的地方：Helen fell and knocked one of her teeth out of place. Out of order 發(fā)生故障; 失調(diào)。Out of control 失去控制。Out of the question 不可能的。
71. He stopped his ears with his hands to _____ the terrible noise.
A. show off B. cut out C. keep from D. shut out
[答案] D. shut out.
[注釋]shut out排除。參看IV.64。
show off炫耀; cut out刪掉; keep from; 1) 隱瞞; She kept the truth from me. (她向我隱瞞真相。) 2) 不沾, 避開; He keeps from alcohol. (他滴酒不沾。) 3) 使不做某事：She kept herself from laughing. (她沒有笑出來。)
72. My house is the only brick one on the street. It _____ and you can't miss it.
A. stands up B. looks out C. sticks out D. wipes out
[答案] C. stick out.
[注釋]stick out (=protrude, project) 伸出, 突出; 顯露, 顯眼：1) The doctor asked him to stick his tongue out. 2) Spelling mistakes stick out in this composition. (這篇作文中拼寫錯誤很顯眼。) stick out (=endure to the end) 堅持到底; If you can stick out a bit longer ,everything will be all right. (假如你能在堅持一下, 一切都會好起來。)
wipe out 擦去, 消滅, 參看III.193.注釋.
73. After the show, the crowd _____ out of the theater.
A. poured B. melted C. drew D. dismissed
[答案] A. poured.
[注釋]pour 此處意為：涌出, 涌來, 如：People poured out to the rally. (人們踴躍參加群眾大會。)
74. Although it is not our normal _____ to give credit, this time I think we should consider the matter more closely.
A. state B. intention C. occasion D. practice
[答案] D. practice.
[注釋]practice (=way of doing sth. That is common or habitual; sth. done regularly) 做法, 慣例 ：It is my practice always to rise early. To give credit 讓賒欠：No credit is given at this shop. (這家商店概不賒欠。)
75. It gave me a strange feeling of excitement to see my name in _____.
A. news B. print C. publication D. press
[答案] B. print.
[注釋]in print是習(xí)語, 意指"印出來, 發(fā)表出來", 如：She finally saw her novel in print. (她終于看到他的小說出版了。) in print 的另一個意思是"在印行, 還在發(fā)行", 如：This book is still in print. (這本書還在發(fā)行, 可以買到) 反義詞是out of print , 意指"不在印行, 買不到了。"如：The book you speak of is out of print. (你說到的那本書已不在發(fā)行了。)
76. The engineers have rejected the employers' proposals to end the strike and the other workers have come out in _____.
A. opposition B. return C. sympathy D. readiness
[答案] C. sympathy.
[注釋] in sympathy 以示同情, come out 此處意為 (=declare oneself) 表明態(tài)度, 所以come out in sympathy 意為"表示同情"。In return 作為報答, 如：I wanted nothing in return . (我不要什么報答。) collaboration協(xié)作, 如：work in collaboration with sb. (與某人協(xié)力合作) 。Opposition 反對, 如：rise in opposition to (起來反對) 。readiness 準(zhǔn)備 (狀態(tài)); 待機(jī), 如：having everything in readiness for departure (做好一切準(zhǔn)備, 以便出發(fā))。
77. Her work is often very hard and she gets very tired. The work is _____.
A. wonderful B. splendid C. tedious D. magnificent
[答案] C. tedious .
[注釋] tedious (=tiresome ;wearying; uninteresting) "沉悶的, 厭煩的, 乏味的"。
Splendid 壯麗的, 輝煌的, 極好的。magnificent 壯麗的, 宏偉的：It was a magnificent ceremony. (這是一次盛大隆重的儀式)。
78. With prices _____ so much, it's hard for the company to plan a budget.
A. fluctuating B. waving C. swinging D. vibrating
[答案] A. fluctuating
[注釋]本句前一部分是"with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞短語"的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu), 做狀語。Fluctuate (=move up and down) (指物價, 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等的) 波動。如：Prices fluctuate from year to year. (物價年年波動) wave飄揚(yáng), 揮舞; 招手; (莊稼的) 波動。Swing擺動, 搖擺; vibrate振動�？梢�, 根據(jù)題意, 只能選A. fluctuating.
79. Some teenagers have a generalized resentment against society, which _____ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.
A. deprives B. restricts C. rejects D. denies
[答案] D. denies.
[注釋]deny (=refuse to give or allow) 拒絕給予:He denied his children nothing . (孩子們要什么他就給什么。) deprive (=take away from) .剝奪。deprive sb. of sth.剝奪某人某物：They deprived women of the right to vote. (他們剝奪了婦女的投票權(quán)。) restrict (=keep within limits) The doctor restricted him to 5 cigarettes a day. (醫(yī)生限制他一天抽5支煙。) reject (refuse to accept ) 拒絕接受, 如：She rejected my suggestion.
本題譯文：一些十幾歲的孩子們往往對社會有普遍的逆反心理, 雖然他們發(fā)育成熟, 但社會拒絕給予他們同成年人一樣的權(quán)利和優(yōu)惠。
80. Though _____ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.
A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated
[答案] A. raised
[注釋]本句中Though raised in San Franciscos是省略的讓步狀語從句。Raise (=bring up) 撫養(yǎng)：grow種植; cultivate耕作; 培養(yǎng) (友誼等) 。如cultivate后接某人, 則意為"培養(yǎng)與某人的感情"。如：John always tries to cultivate the people, who are useful to him professionally. (約翰一向喜歡與事業(yè)上對他有用的人來往。)
本題譯文：盡管在舊金山長大, 但戴夫米切爾總是愿意把小鎮(zhèn)生活中平凡的事情記載下來。
81. I'm afraid this painting is not by Picasso. It's only a copy and so it's _____.
A. priceless B. invaluable C. unworthy D. worthless
[答案] D. worthless.
[注釋] worthless 無價值的, 無用的。Priceless 無價的, 貴重的, 無法估價的：a priceless treasure 無價之寶。Invaluable 無法估價的, 非常寶貴的。Unworthy 不值得的, 不配的; 無價值的。
82. The final _____ of the play will take place on Monday.
A. action B. performance C. view D. sight
[答案] B. performance.
[注釋]performance (話劇的) 一場演出。
83. It was a long time before the cut on my hand _____ completely.
A. healed B. cured C. improved D. recovered
[答案] A. healed.
[注釋] heal 1) 使痊愈, 治愈：The salve will help to heal the wound. (這種藥膏能治愈你的傷。) 2) 痊愈 (多指外傷) ：The cut on my leg has healed. (我腿上的傷口以痊愈。) 可見, 本題是heal的第二種用法。cure治療, 治好; The drug cured my fever. (這種藥使我退燒了。) This medicine should cure you of your cold. (這種藥定會治好你的感冒。) recover也可以表示"痊愈", 意為"恢復(fù)正常"。例如：1) I think she will recover. (我認(rèn)為她會痊愈的。) 2) He almost fell ill, but quickly recovered. (他差點(diǎn)病到, 但很快就痊愈了。) 也可以用recovered做表語表示"痊愈, 恢復(fù)正常：Are you completely recovered from your illness? (你的病是不是完全好了？)
[注意] recover vi. 用作"痊愈"時, 句子主語通常是人。Improve 改善, 此詞無"治療"或"痊愈"之意。
本題譯文：過了很長時間我手上的傷口才痊愈。
84. To get my travelers' checks I had to have the bank _____ a special check for the total amount.
A. make up B. make out C. make for D. make up for
[答案] B. make out.
[注釋] make out 辨別, 詳見III.123.注釋.
85. She said she was glad the difficulty had been _____.
A. cleared away B. cleared up
C. broken away D. broken down
[答案] B. cleared up.
[注釋] clear up 解釋, 澄清; 解決：1) I had some doubts, but now they are cleared up. (以前我有許多疑點(diǎn), 但現(xiàn)在都解決了。) 2) The book has cleared up many difficulties for me. (這本書解決了我不少困難。) clear away 清除。詳見III.32.break away 和 break down 詳見Ⅲ.6,7,11.注釋.
86. I used to be able to play well but I'm _____ now.
A. out of date B. out of touch
C. out of practice D. out of place
[答案] C. out of practice.
[注釋] out of practice荒廢, 久不練習(xí); out of date 過時, 老式; out of touch失去聯(lián)系; out of place詳見 III, 70注釋。
87. As soon as the children were _____, their mother got them out of bed and into the bathroom.
A. woke B. waken C. wake D. awake
[答案] D. awake.
[注釋]awake adj.醒著的 (作表語) 。Awake, awaken, wake, waken都可以作及物和不及物動詞用, 但是awake多用作不及物動詞, 其中wake最常用。
88. Jim was so badly burnt that at first they began to _____ of his life.
A. despair B. designate C. disappoint D. despise
[答案] A. despair.
[注釋] despair of (=be in despair) 對.......失望：1) Don't despair: things will get better soon. 2) He began to despair of success. 3) He despaired of being able to repair the TV set. (他對能否修好這臺電視機(jī)表示失望。) designate指明, 指出, despise 輕視, 藐視。
89. The government's strong action demonstrated its _____ to crush the rebellion.
A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination
[答案] D. determination.
[注釋] determination意為"決心", 后常接動詞不定式作定語。
90. New mineral resources may be discovered during the forthcoming Antarctic _____.
A. excursion B. execution C. extraction D. expedition
[答案] D. expedition.
[注釋]expedition 遠(yuǎn)征, 探險; excursion 短途旅行, 游覽; execution 實施, 執(zhí)行; extraction 提取。
91. Probability is the mathematical study of the _____ of an event's occurrence.
A. desire B. likelihood C. result D. effect
[答案] B. likelihood
[注釋] 句意：概率是對事件發(fā)生的可能性的數(shù)學(xué)研究。
92. Driving a car without insurance can have _____ consequences.
A. uncertain B. disastrous C. potential D. unworthy
[答案] B. disastrous.
[注釋] disastrous 災(zāi)難性的。
93. The police refused to _____ the clues they were working on.
A. exhibit B. disclose C. expose D. discern
[答案] B. disclose.
[注釋]disclose (=uncover; allow to be seen; make known) 透露, 使顯露： 1) The lawyer disclosed the details of the case. 2) He disclosed that he had made arrangements to buy a new car. exhibit 展覽, 展出, 顯示, expose 暴露,discern 認(rèn)出, 發(fā)現(xiàn), 辨別,識別。
本題譯文：警方拒絕透露他們正在調(diào)查的線索。
94. What you have done is _____ the doctor's orders.
A. attached to B. resistant to
C. responsible to D. contrary to
[答案] D. contrary to.
[注釋] (be) contrary to與.......相反, 違反 (作表語) :What you wish to do is contrary to the regulations. contrary to也可以作狀語：a. If you act contrary to the doctor's advice, you won't get well again. b. Contrary to what I thought, he has proved to be successful. 2) 作定語：The boy was swimming in a direction contrary to the current. (這男孩朝著逆流方向游去。)
95. The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _____ quality, he'd tell them so.
A. minor B. humble C. inferior D. awkward
[答案] C. inferior
[注釋] inferior詳見III.400.注釋.
本題譯文：這位商店售貨員對顧客很坦率。如果貨物質(zhì)量不好, 他就把情況告訴顧客。
96. The continuous rain was _____ for the exceptional poor harvest
A. blamed B. condemned C. accused D. charged
[答案] A. blamed.
[注釋] blame sb./sth. for ... 因.......埋怨、責(zé)怪 .......：He blames you for neglect of duty. (他責(zé)怪你玩忽職守。) condemn 譴責(zé)、判刑。Accuse sb. of控告某人犯有.......。charge sb. with控告某人犯有......。
97. The rocks are very big with _____ of colors on them.
A. bands B. marks C. rails D. shapes
[答案] A. bands.
[注釋] band (顏色與其余部分不同的) 條紋。Mark痕跡, 斑點(diǎn); 記號, 標(biāo)記。本題是講巖石上色彩不同的"條紋", 故用bands. rail (軌道) ,shape (形狀) ,均不合題意。
98. There were no tickets _____ for Friday's performance.
A. preferable B. possible C. considerable D. available
[答案] D. available.
[注釋] available (=capable of being used; that may be obtained) 可利用的; 可以找到的：1) These tickets are available for one month. (這些票的有效期一個月。) 2) Is there a doctor available? (有否可以找到大夫？) 3) A limited number of seats are still available. (仍然還有少量座位。)
99. Despite all the evidence to the contrary, the witness _____ that his story was true.
A. stuck out B. stood out C. kept down D. held up
[答案] A. stuck out.
[注釋]stick out 堅持。詳見III.400.注釋.
100. In a typhoon, winds _____ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.
A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assemble
[答案] C. attain.
[注釋] attain (=succeed in doing or getting) 達(dá)到 (目的等) ,取得 (成就等) :I hope you will attain your object, accomplish (順利) 完成。assume假定, 假設(shè), 承擔(dān)。assemble集合; 裝配。
101. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will _____ in giving the class lectures.
A. exchange B. alter C. shift D. alternate
[答案]D. alternate.
[注釋]alternate vt./vi. 輪流，交替發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)：Wet days alternate with fine days.(晴雨天交替更迭。)The weather today will alternate between fine and cloudy.(今天的天氣將是晴間多云。)
shift般動，移動（vt.）；轉(zhuǎn)移到，遷移（vi.）；改變：1)Lend me a hand to shift the piano, will you?(請幫個忙搬一下這臺鋼琴。) 2)They have shifted away from this area.(他們已從這一地區(qū)遷走了。) 3)The candidate is constantly shifting his opinion about the problem.(這位競選者在這個問題上不斷改變他的觀點(diǎn)。)
exchange交換；exchange... for ... 用.......換......；alter(部分)修改。
102. Pack the cake in a strong box, or it might get _____ in the post.
A. splashed B. spilt C. crushed D. crashed
[答案]C. crushed.
[注釋]crush壓壞，壓碎；弄皺；輾散；1)Don't crush this box; there are flowers inside.(不要把這個盒子壓壞了，里面有鮮花。) 2)Her dress was crushed.(她的衣服弄皺了。) 3)The machine crushes wheat grain to make floor.(這臺機(jī)器把麥粒輾成面粉。)
splash濺，潑；split(中間)裂開；crash(向下)猛跌；（飛機(jī)）失事。
103. The thief _____ the papers all over the room while he was searching.
A. abandoned B. vanished C. scattered D. deserted
[答案]C. scattered.
[注釋]scatter(=throw or put in various directions, or here and there)撒。
abandon放棄，拋棄。desert遺棄（而離開）。vanish消亡，滅亡。本題句意是將小偷在搜尋錢時的情景，所以應(yīng)選scattered(撒)。
104. Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical _____.
A. facilities B. appliances C. instruments D. equipment
[答案]B. appliances.
[注釋]electric appliances電器用具，facilities公用設(shè)備。equipment設(shè)備,裝備，是集合名詞，指"設(shè)備"的總稱，只有當(dāng)數(shù)形式。instrument儀器。
105. The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.
A. mirror B. sight C. reflection D. shadow
[答案]C. reflection.
[注釋]reflection此處意為"映在水中的倒影"，而不是"影子"或"陰影"，故不能用shadow。其他選擇均不合題意。
106. One _____ needed when making a cake is flour; another is sugar.
A. container B. ingredient C. content D. equivalent
[答案]B. ingredient.
[注釋]ingredient(混合物的)成分。container容器，含量；內(nèi)容（復(fù)數(shù)）。equivalent:相等物。
107. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been _____.
A. behind the times B. behind schedule
C. ahead of time D. in no time
[答案]B. behind schedule.
[注釋]behind schedule(=late, behind time)晚點(diǎn)：The train is running behind schedule today.(=The train is not on time today.)behind the times(=using things not in style; still following old ways; old fashioned)過時，跟不上時代，落后：1)The store is behind the times.(=The store is old-fashioned; it looks as stores looked 40 years ago.) 2) Mary thinks her parents are behind the times because they still do the fox-trot and don't know any new dances.(=Mary's parents are old-fashioned in their dancings .) ahead of time提前： They have fulfilled their production plans ahead of time, in no time(=soon, quickly)立即，馬上：I'll be back in no time to see you home.
108. Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to _____ him in his work.
A. hamper B. support C. assist D. encourage
[答案]A. hamper.
[注釋]hamper(=hinder, prevent free movement or activity)阻礙：Lack of equipment is hampering our work.
本題譯文：他們兩人都認(rèn)為他不怎么樣并極力阻礙他工作。
Think highly of... 對...評價很高，認(rèn)為......很好。
109. Her display of bad temper completely _____ the party.
A. harmed B. damaged C. spoilt D. hurt
[答案]C. spoilt.
[注釋]spoil指出意指"使...... 掃興，搞糟"，如：Quarrelling spoilt the picnic.(爭吵使這次野餐弄得很掃興。)hurt傷害，damage 損壞，harm危害，均不合題意。
110. We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great _____.
A. emotion B. excitement C. crisis D. stress
[答案]D. stress. [注釋]put sb. under(great) stress使某人處境（非常）緊張，使某人受（很大）壓力。
111. The reference she made to her friend, the poet, was interesting but too _____ for anyone to appreciate.
A. drastic B. dull C. obscure D. distinct
[答案]C. obscure.
[注釋]obscure(=not clearly seen or understood)模糊難懂得。drastic激烈的，嚴(yán)厲的；dull單調(diào)的；distinct清楚的，明顯的；截然不同的（from）。
本題譯文：她提到她的朋友----詩人時所說的話是令人感興趣，但沒有說清楚，以致沒有人為此感激。
112. He _____ his engagement just before the wedding.
A. broke out B. broke away from
C. broke off D. broke up
[答案]C. broke off.
[注釋]break off(=cease suddenly, discontinue)突然中斷；break off one's engagement(解除婚約)。Break off(=interrupt) one's conversation(打斷談話)。Break out(=begin suddenly)爆發(fā)。Break away from擺脫，從......退出。
113. When she heard from the hospital that her father had died, she _____ into tears.
A. burst B. went C. exploded D. fell
[答案]A. burst
[注釋]burst into tears放聲大哭；又如：burst into thunderous cheers(發(fā)出雷嗚般的歡呼)；burst into laughing(捧腹大笑)。
114. Your help is _____ for the success of the project.
A. indispensable B. indicative
C. inevitable D. inherent
[答案]A. indispensable.
[注釋]indispensable(to, for)不可缺少的，必需的。Indicative(of)指示的。Inevitable 不可避免的。Inherent固有的，內(nèi)在的，天生的。
115. _____ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
[答案]B. But for
[注釋]but for(=without, except for)若非，要不是：But for your help we could not have finished it in time.(要不是你的幫助，我們本來不會及時完工。)
116. It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.
A. impression B. comment C. reaction D. opinion
[答案]C. reaction.
[注釋]reaction(to)對......的反應(yīng)：Our reaction to a joke is to laugh.
117. Our attitude toward our teachers should be _____, but not slavish or superstitious.
A. respectable B. respected C. respective D. respectful
[答案]D. respectful.
[注釋]respectable(=deserving respect)值得尊敬的,品行端正的。respectful(=showing respect to)有禮貌的，表示尊敬的。Respective各個的。respected尊敬的。Respecting prep.(=relating to; concerned with)關(guān)于，說到。
118. We could see that he was trying to _____ his own responsibility for the delay, instead of accepting his fault.
A. run over B. smooth over C. pass off D. turn down
[答案]B. smooth over.
[注釋]smooth over(=make smooth, put right, balliate)使平息，使恢復(fù)正常的，掩飾：1)I will try to smooth their quarrel over.(我將設(shè)法平息他們的爭吵。) 2)Don't try to smooth over your fault.（不要設(shè)法掩飾你的過錯。）
run over 詳見145,146.注釋；pass off詳見126.注釋；turn down詳見180,181.注釋.
119. Glemp's heroic flight into space entitled him _____ a place in history.
A. for B. with C. to D. of
[答案]C. to.
[注釋]entitle sb. to sth.(=give a right to)給予權(quán)利： 1)He is entitled to special treatment because of his rank(由于他的級別他有權(quán)享受特殊待遇。) 2) Officers are entitled to travel first class.（軍官們有權(quán)乘頭等車旅行。）
120. He's _____ drink and never does a stroke of work.
A. gone to B. taken to C. taken up D. gone for
[答案]B. taken to.
[注釋]take to養(yǎng)成（某種習(xí)慣）。A stroke of一件。本題譯文：他以成了酒徒，從來沒有干過一件工作。
121. "Who is responsible for sending out misinformation?"
"Most of the fault lies _____ the administration."
A. in B. to C. on D. with
[答案]D. with.
[注釋]lie with應(yīng)由.......（承擔(dān)責(zé)任）；（作出決定等）得靠...... 1)The responsibility lies with the driver.(責(zé)任應(yīng)由這個司機(jī)承擔(dān)。) 2)It lies with you to accept or reject he the proposal.(接受還是拒絕這項建議由你決定。)
lie in在于： 1)The difficulty lies in their great poverty.(困難在于他們非常貧困。) 2)the solution lies in social and political reform.(解決方法在于社會政治改革。)
122. People who live in a small village are bound to see a good _____ of each other.
A. sum B. quantity C. deal D. amount
[答案]C. deal.
[注釋]see a good deal of each other 經(jīng)常見面。
123. Maria _____ missed the first train so as to travel on the same one as John.
A. deliberately B. intensively
C. decisively D. objectively
[答案]A. deliberately.
[注釋]deliberately(=on purpose, intentionally)故意地；存心地。
124. They always kept on good _____ with their next-door neighbors for the children's sake.
A. friendship B. relations C. intentions D. terms
[答案]D. terms.
[注釋]keep (be) on good terms with與......和睦相處。
125. Do you think a wife should _____ her habits and tastes to those of her husband?
A. comply B. confirm C. consent D. conform
[答案]D. conform.
[注釋]conform vi遵守，符號：All the students must conform to the rules.(全體學(xué)生必須遵守規(guī)章。)conform sth. to sth. else(vt)使符合：He conformed the plans to the new specifications.(他使這些集合符合新規(guī)范。) comply with遵守；confirm使堅定，確認(rèn)，證實；consent (to)同意，贊同。
126. He was afraid that the branch might bend over and break, and he would be sent _____ to the ground.
A. crashing B. throwing C. rushing D. dropping
[答案]A. crashing.
[注釋]crash(to the ground)猛跌（到地上）。Crash n.
常指飛機(jī)等的"失事"，如：He was killed in an aircraft crash.(他在飛機(jī)失事中喪生。)本句中用falling不妥，fall指"落下，掉下"，本身并不強(qiáng)調(diào)落下的速度，而crash使"猛跌"，故本題用crashing最佳。
127. High interest rates _____ people from borrowing money.
A. discourage B. decrease C. disturb D. disgust
[答案]A. discourage
[注釋]discourage sb. from doing sth.使認(rèn)為某事不值得做：Tht wet weather discouraged people from going to the sports meeting.(下雨天使人覺得不值得去看運(yùn)動會。)
128. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.
A. equivalent B. uniform C. alike D. likely
[答案]A. equivalent.
[注釋]equivalent相等的，相當(dāng)?shù)模篐e exchanged his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars. uniform 相同的,一樣的。Likely adj.很可能的，有希望的。Alike(表語形容詞)相同的，相象的。
129. The two things are the same in outward form but different _____.
A. in addition B. in brief C. in common D. in essence
[答案]D. in essence.
[注釋]in essence本質(zhì)上；in addition此外；in brief簡短地，簡言之；in common共同。
130. _____ it is a good thing I did not get the post I had applied for, though I must admit that I was disappointed at the time.
A. By the way B. In a way C. In the way D. In no way
[答案]B. In a way.
[注釋]in a way(-to some extent)在某種程度上；in no way決不；by the way 順便提一下；in the way 礙事。此題不能選by the way，因為by the way 做插入語其后應(yīng)加逗號。
本題譯文：我沒有得到我申請得工作在某種程度上說是件好事，盡管我承認(rèn)當(dāng)時我很失望。
131. _____ inviting guests and not treating them properly!
A. Strangely B. Fantastically C. Surprisingly D. Fancy
[答案]D. Fancy.
[注釋]fancy doing 沒想到.......竟然：1)Fancy your him!(沒想到你竟然認(rèn)識他！) 2)Fancy spending the day in here!(沒想到竟在這里過了一天！)
本題譯文：沒想到邀請了客人竟沒有好好招待！
132. With sufficient scientific information a manned trip to Mars should be _____.
A. obtainable B. potential C. considerable D. feasible
[答案]D. feasible.
[注釋]feasible(=that can be done)可行的，可做到的：1)Your plan sounds quite feasible.(你的計劃聽起來很可行。) 2)It's not feasible to make the trip in one day.(一天內(nèi)要進(jìn)行這次旅行是做不到的。)
obtainable可得到的；considerable相當(dāng)?shù)模捎^的；potential潛在的，可能的。
133. The generation _____ makes it difficult for parents to understand their children's opinions.
A. division B. gap C. separation D. interval
[答案]B. gap.
[注釋]generation gap 代溝。
division分，劃分；separation分開；interval間隔，間隙；（幕間或工間）休息。at intervals 不時，時時
134. If the boy had _____ the dog alone it wouldn't have bitten him.
A. set B. left C. had D. put
[答案]B. left.
[注釋]leave sb./sth. alone不惹，不管，不碰：Leave the box alone.(別碰那個盒子。)
135. They were so far away that I couldn't _____ their faces clearly.
A. see through B. make up C. see off D. make out
[答案]D. make out.
[注釋]make out(=identify and see with effort or difficulty)辨認(rèn)出。
see through參閱，151,注釋:此處see through還可表示"看穿......(=understand the real meaning of or reason for; realize the falseness of)"： 1)The teacher saw through the boy's story of having to help at home. (=The teacher knew his story was not true; it was just an excuse.) 2) He can't fool her. She sees him through every time.
see off送行；make up構(gòu)成，組成，拼湊；彌補(bǔ)，賠償；化裝，編造：1)編造：John made up the joke about the talking dog. 2)彌補(bǔ)：Bob must make up the work he missed. 3)湊足： We need one more to make up the dozen. 4)化裝： The actors were making up when we arrived. 5)構(gòu)成：Nine players make up a team.
136. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious _____ without scientific basis.
A. process B. practice C. procedure D. program
[答案]A. process.
[注釋]process(=connected series of actions, or series of operations) 過程：By what process is cloth made form wool?(經(jīng)過什么過程羊毛織成呢料？)practice(=the doing of something of, performance or repeated exercise, etc.)實習(xí)，練習(xí)；開業(yè): She is doing her practice at the piano.(她在練習(xí)彈鋼琴。)procedure(=the regular order of doing things)程序：the usual procedure at a meeting(開會的通常程序)。Program(=plan of what is to be done or list of items or events)課程，計劃，大綱：What is the program for tomorrow ?(明天上什么課?)
137. I must go now. _____, if you want that book I'll bring it next time.
A. Incidentally B. Accidentally
C. Occasionally D. Subsequently
[答案]A. Incidentally.
[注釋]incidentally(=by the way)附帶地，順便：Fred said, incidentally, that he had no dinner.(順便提一下，福來德那時說，他還沒吃晚飯。)accidentally(=by chance)偶然地：I met with an old friend of mine accidentally last week.(上星期我偶然碰到一位老朋友。)occasionally (=from time to time, not regularly)不時地，偶爾：We get visitors here occasionally.(我們偶爾在此接游客。)subsequently(=afterwards, later) At first we thought we would go; but subsequently we learned we were needed at home.(起初,我們想離開；但隨后我們得知家里需要我們。)
138. A completely new situation is likely to _____ when the school leaving age is raised to 16.
A. arouse B. rise C. arise D. abide
[答案]C. arise.
[注釋]arise(=come into being, appear, happen)產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生：Difficulties will arise as we do the work.(我們做這項工作時將會發(fā)生困難。)
arouse 喚起，激起，喚醒；rise 上升;abide (by)遵守。
本題譯文：當(dāng)中學(xué)畢業(yè)年齡上升到16歲時，很可能產(chǎn)生完全新的情況。
139. The illness from which Mary is suffering has now been _____ as hepatitis (肝炎).
A. diagnosed B. determined C. deduced D. discovered
[答案]A. diagnosed.
[注釋]diagnose...as 把......診斷為......。
本題譯文：瑪麗的病現(xiàn)已診斷為肝炎。
140. These continual _____ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.
A. alterations B. vibrations C. waves D. fluctuations
[答案]D. fluctuations. [注釋]fluctuations波動；waves波浪；alterations(部分)改變，變更；vibrations(物理學(xué)上)振動。
141. All foreign visitors are requested to _____ with the regulations in this area.
A. agree B. comply C. consent D. conform
[答案]B. comply.
[注釋]comply with(=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule, etc.)遵守：People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished.(拒絕遵守法律者將受到懲罰。)conform(to)使一致，符合；conform to rules符合規(guī)則；conform to the customs of society(遵從社會習(xí)俗)；consent to 同意，贊同；consent to a plan(贊同計劃)。
142. Thomas Edison considered genius to be _____ one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
A. composed of B. constituted in
C. consisted of D. comprised in
[答案]A. composed of.
[注釋]be composed of由......組成。Consist of由......組成，是不及物動詞，不能用被動語態(tài)，故不合題意。
143. Although Lucy was slimming, she found cream cakes quite _____.
A. irregular B. inevitable
C. incredible D. irresistible
[答案] D. irresistible
[注釋]irresistible不可抵抗的，誘人的，1)I had a irresistible desire to run away,2)I can't refuse this offer; it is irresistible.
Irregular 不規(guī)律的, 不合規(guī)則的：1)the trains from here are irregular.(這里發(fā)的火車是不規(guī)律的。) 2)These procedures are highly irregular.(這些程序是非常不合規(guī)矩的。)
incredible 不可避免的，不可信的：1)Old superstitions are incredible to educated people.（舊的迷信對受過教育的人來說是不可信的。）2)His story of rescuing six drowning men is incredible.(他說他救了6個溺水者，這是難以置信的。)
inevitable 不可避免的：1)Traffic delays are inevitable at a holiday weekend.（假日周末交通耽擱是難免的。）2)Pain is Inevitable when one breaks a bone.（骨折是疼痛是難避免的。）
本題譯文：雖然露西正在減輕體重，但她覺得奶油蛋糕是誘人的。
144. In order to _____ the rising production costs, the subscription rates have been increased.
A. add up to B. look up to C. cut short D. keep up with
[答案]D. keep up with.
[注釋] keep up with跟上。參閱。88注釋。Add up to參閱.2注釋；cut short 詳見.38;look up to(=admire, respect)贊美，尊敬：We look up to the old workers as our teacher.（我們把這位老工人尊為我們的老師。）本題中rates意為"價格，費(fèi)用"。
本題譯文：為了跟上生產(chǎn)成本的上升，預(yù)定費(fèi)已提高。
145. Your essay is quite good: just _____ it _____ with a few illustrations and quotations.
A. put .. up B. touch .. up
C. cut .. out D. write .. off
[答案]B. touch up.
[注釋] touch up(=improve or perfect by small additional strokes or alterations)潤色，修飾：1)The last part of the article needs to be touched up.(這篇文章的最后一部分需要潤色。) 2)He touched up the picture by strengthening and shadows.(他把畫修飾了一下，使光明部分和陰暗部分的對比度更鮮明。)
put up留宿；cut out 刪掉；write off報銷，勾消。
本題譯文：你的文章很好；只要用些例證和引語修飾一下。
146. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.
A. regard B. account C. thought D. observation
[答案]B. account.
[注釋] take sth. into account(=consider)考慮到：We must take local conditions into accoutn.
147. There are three basic ways of _____ language to writing, and all known graphic systems use one or a combination of these.
A. committing B. attaching C. comparing D. relating
[答案]A. committing.
[注釋] commit...to 托付，交付：1)He was committed to the care of his aunt.(他被托付給他的姨媽照管。) 2)I have already committed the rules to memory.(我早已記住這些規(guī)則了。)
commit sth. to writing(把......寫下來)。
148. Roses are quite _____ flowers in English gardens.
A. ordinary B. common C. usual D. general
[答案]B. common.
[注釋]common(=usual and ordinary; happening of found often and in many places)普通的；常見的；常常發(fā)生的；到處可見的：a common experience(普通的經(jīng)歷)；a common tree(常見的樹木)。This bird is common throughout Europe.(這種鳥在歐洲很常見。)They can treat most of the common diseases.(他們能治療大多數(shù)常見病。)
usual(=done, found, used or existing most of the time) 經(jīng)常的，通常的，慣例的，習(xí)以為常的；強(qiáng)調(diào)時間習(xí)慣方面，例如：This is the usual state of the house.(這房子里平常就是這種樣子。)
ordinary正常的，普通的，正常的；an ordinary day(平凡的一天)，ordinary people(普通人), a piece of ordinary dance music(一首普通的舞曲)。
General普通的。它與common比較，語氣稍強(qiáng)，含有很少例外的意外。
可見本題中用common是最佳的選擇。
149. American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A. ignored B. refused C. neglected D. denied
[答案]D. denied.
[注釋] deny 1)否認(rèn)：A. He didn't deny the facts. B. They couldn't
deny that it was a serious blow to them. C. He denied having ever there.(他否認(rèn)曾到過那里。) 2)(=say 'no' to a request; refuse to give sth. asked for or needed)不給予；Lots of people were denied the right to vote.(許多人被剝奪了選舉權(quán)。)He denies his wife nothing.(他對他的妻子有求必應(yīng)。)
150. On turning the corner, we saw the road _____ steeply.
A. departing B. decreasing C. descending D. depressing
[答案]C. descending.
[注釋] descend(=come or go down)走下來；傳下來：1)He descended from the top of the mountain. 2)Are men descended from apes?(人是不是猿的后代？)
depress 壓抑，使沮喪。Depart出發(fā)，起程。
151. We can't _____ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time.
A. hope B. wait C. expect D. imagine
[答案]C. expert.
[注釋]expert期望，盼望，表示認(rèn)為有很大的客觀可能性，例如：I expert the work to be finished by Friday.（我期望這項工作能在星期五前做完。）wait for ... to do sth.等待、等待......做......，強(qiáng)調(diào)"等"這一動詞的本身，如：The audience are waiting eagerly for the performance to begin.(觀眾正等著演出開始。)本題如改為這樣：I waited for him to arrive in time for dinner, but he didn't come.(我等他來趕上晚餐，但他沒有來。)則句子使是對的。由此可見，expect是表示"期待"，而wait for 是表示"等待"，詞義完全不同。
注意hope后不能接sb. to do sth.。imagine being on the moon. 3)I'm sorry, but I can't imagine anyone doing research like that.(很遺憾，我不能想象人家那樣做實驗。)
本題譯文：我們不能期望一個人在這樣短的時間內(nèi)改變一輩子養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣。
152. It was necessary to _____ the factory building as the company was doing more and more business.
A. extend B. increase C. lengthen D. magnify
[答案]A. extend.
[注釋]本題中extend意為"擴(kuò)大"。lengthen拉長,延長。magnify放大。 Spread vi. 傳播；vt.展開；He spread butter on the toast.(他在烤面包上涂上奶油。)
153. I asked the tailor to make a small _____ to my trousers because they were too long.
A. change B. variation C. revision D. alteration
[答案]D alteration.
[注釋]alteration 修正，更改，尤指部分的改變。Change改變，變化，可指表面的、本質(zhì)的、內(nèi)在的變化。Revision修訂、修正，常指文章、詞典、劇本等的修改、訂正。Variation(形式、位置、條件的)變化、改變、變動：We need some variation in our daily routine.(我們的例行公事需要作些變動。)
154. Because of the strong sun Mrs. William's new dining room curtains _____ from dark blue to gray within a year.
A. faded B. fainted C. paled D. diminished
[答案]A. faded.
[注釋]fade vt/vi褪色。Faint暈到，變得虛弱：He fainted from hunger. Diminish vt./vi.減少：1)His illness diminished his strength. 2)The campers' food supply diminished as the days wore on.(隨著日子的緩緩消逝，野營者的食品供應(yīng)日益減少。)pale變蒼白。
155. Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent. _____, I can't speak too highly of him.
A. As a result B. By the way
C. On the whole D. In a word
[答案]D. In a word.
[注釋]in a word(=in short)總之，簡言之。
本題是測試"過度詞"，考生務(wù)必根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞，使句子的意思前后連貫。
156. Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to _____ a scientific theory.
A. confirm B. confine C. conform D. conceive
[答案]A. confirm.
[注釋] confirm(=support; make certain; give proof of)證實，確實：1)Please confirm your telephone message in writing.(請把你電話中所說的話再用文字復(fù)述一篇。) 2)The king confirmed that the election would be on June 20th.(國王確認(rèn)，這次選擇將于六月二十日舉行。)
confine...to把......限制于：Please confine your remarks to the subject we are talking about.(請把你的話限止于我們正在談?wù)摰念}目。)conform (to)使一致，符合，遵守。Conceive 1)想到，想出：He very quickly conceived a new plan.[注意]conceive of想象:They could not conceive of the possibility of failure.(他們不能想象失敗的可能。)
157. Political parties often differ in their views on various _____ concerning their own countries.
A. ways B. measures C. issues D. patterns
[答案]c. issues.
[注釋]issue此處意為"重大問題"。measure措施，雖然填入本題也說得過去，但不夠貼切。pattern模式，圖案，圖樣。與題意不符，不能入選。way 方法，方式。
158. _____ his knowledge of the mountainous country, John Smith was appointed as our guide.
A. In spite of B. On account of
C. Regardless of D. Instead of
[答案]B. On account of
[注釋]on account of(=because of)由于，因為。regardless of(=without worrying about)不顧；Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower.
159. The lawyer was expected to _____ some proposals after reading all those documents.
A. come up with B. put up with
C. look up to D. keep up with
[答案]A. come up with.
[注釋]come up with提出。參閱，33。注釋。Put up with忍受；keep up with跟上，與......保持一致；look up to尊敬。
160. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping _____ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.
A. occasionally B. simultaneously
C. eventually D. directly
[答案]A. occasionally.
[注釋]occasionally 偶爾。參閱137注釋。Simultaniously同時地； directly直接
161. In my opinion, you can widen the _____ of these improvements through your active participation.
A. dimension B. volume C. magnitude D. scope
[答案]D. scope.
[注釋]scope(=the area within the limits of a questions, subject ect. ; range)(活動)范圍，機(jī)會，余地：The politics of a country would be outside the scope of a book for tourists.(一個國家的政治不屬于旅游手冊的內(nèi)容范圍之內(nèi)。)
dimension尺寸，尺度；magnitude大小，數(shù)量；volume體積。均不切題，不能入選。
本題譯文：依我看，通過你的積極參與，你能夠擴(kuò)大這些改進(jìn)措施的范圍。
162. The noise was so _____ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.
A. dim B. soft C. faint D. gentle
[答案]c. faint.
[注釋]faint(=weak, indistinct; not clear)"微弱的，模糊的，不清楚的"。Dim(=not bright, not clearly to be seen)不亮的，看不清的；the dim light of a candle(微弱的燭光)。
163. If he refuses to _____ my plan, I can probably find someone more cooperative.
A. put up with B. fall in with
C. do away with D. get along with
[答案]B. fall in with.
[注釋]fall in with(=agree to)同意：Is it true that you have fallen in with them?(你真的同意他們的意見嗎？)put up with忍受。do away with廢除；殺死。get along with進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展；相處。
本題譯文：如果他不肯同意我的計劃，我或許能找一個更能合作的人。
164. Some people either _____ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.
A. violently B. sincerely C. properly D. deliberately
[答案]D. deliberately.
[注釋]deliberately(=on purpose)故意地。Sincerely真誠地；violently強(qiáng)暴的，激烈的，暴力引起的。
properly 1)好好地，恰當(dāng)?shù)�；She never makes any attempt to clean it properly.(她從來也不打算好好地把它擦干凈。) 2)嚴(yán)格地：Properly speaking, a whale is not a fish.(嚴(yán)格地說，鯨魚不是魚。)
165. Her skirt had been so _____ in packing that she had to iron it before going out.
A. faded B. torn C. dirty D. crushed
[答案]D. crushed.
[注釋]crush把......弄皺。因為后半句中iron指"熨平"，所以不能選其他答案了。
166. His landlady gave him a week's _____ to leave the flat.
A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution
[答案]B. notice.
[注釋]notice預(yù)先通知（尤用雇主、雇員或房東、房客之間）：give one's employee a month's notice (通知雇員一個月后離職)。本題譯文：他的女房東通知他一周后從套間搬走。
167. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, _____ at the other store.
A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones
[答案]D. the ones
[注釋]代詞one可以用來替代前面提到過的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。如果它替代的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則用ones。本題中它代替refrigerators；因特指，故用the ones.
168. When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above _____.
A. average B. ordinary C. regular D. normal
[答案]D. normal
[注釋]normal正常的；ordinary普通的；usual平常的；regular有規(guī)律的，定期的。
169. With the change of the economic foundation the entire immense superstructure is _____ rapidly transformed.
A. anything but B. more or less C. at large D. any more
[答案]B. more or less.
[注釋]more or less 或多或少地；anything but根本不；at large大體上；逍遙法外；詳細(xì)地。
本題譯文：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的改變，整個龐大的上層建筑也或多或少地發(fā)生變革。
170. The author of the report is well _____ with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.
A. acquainted B. informed C. enlightened D. advised
[答案]A. acquainted.
[注釋]be acquainted with熟悉，be well informed of(about)對......消息靈通�？梢�，此題中應(yīng)用acquainted,因為后面地介詞是with.
171. It is clear that the whole world is passing through a social revolution in which a central _____ must be taken by scientists and technologists.
A. process B. attention C. measure D. part
[答案]D. part.
[注釋]take part in參加。
本題譯文：顯然，整個世界正經(jīng)歷著一場社會革命；科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員必定是這場革命地主要參加者。
172. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more _____.
A. at length B. at last C. at stake D. at ease
[答案]C. at stake.
[注釋]at stake(=to be won or lost; risked, depending upon the result of sth.)在危險中；利害攸關(guān)；His life itself was at stake.(他的生命本身瀕臨危險。); at last最終；at length詳細(xì)地；at ease安詳，自在，隨便，不拘束：She knew he was not at ease.(她知道，他并不自在。)
本題譯文：農(nóng)民們比城里人更渴望魚，因為雨水對農(nóng)民來說關(guān)系更大。
173. When the big bills for mother's hospital care came, father was glad he had money in the bank to _____.
A. fall short of B. fall through
C. fall back on D. fall in with
[答案]C. fall back on.
[注釋]fall back on求助于。參閱Ⅲ.48注釋。
Fall short of沒達(dá)到，低于：1)He fell short of what we had expected.(他沒有達(dá)到我們的期望。) 2)The measures proposed fall far short of what is required.(所提出的這些措施遠(yuǎn)沒達(dá)到需要的 目標(biāo)。)
Fall in with與......一致，符合；同意，贊成，支持。
Fall through落空。參閱Ⅲ.49注釋。
本題譯文：母親在醫(yī)院就醫(yī)的各種帳單送來時，父親高興的是他可用銀行里的存款來支付。
174. These plastic flowers look so _____ that many people think they are real.
A. beautiful B. natural C. artificial D. similar
[答案]B. natural.
[注釋]natural自然的，與后半句"許多人認(rèn)為它們是真的"相呼應(yīng)。
175. The managing director promised that he would _____ me as soon as he had any further information.
A. communicate B. notice C. notify D. note
[答案]C. notify.
[注釋]notify通知。Notice n.通知；v.注意到；note n.筆記；v.記下，摘下。
176. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _____ to visit London on business.
A. opportunity B. possibility C. occasion D. chance
[答案]C. occasion
[注釋] occasion 作可數(shù)名詞時，意為"時機(jī)"，作不可數(shù)名詞時，意為"必要"，本題中occasion意為"必要"。從句語法結(jié)構(gòu)上看，本句中用opportunity(難得的)機(jī)會，chance（偶然的）機(jī)會均可，但按邏輯意思，應(yīng)用occasion.
177. The most important _____ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.
A. element B. spot C. sense D. point
[答案]D. point.
[注釋]point(=chief idea of sth. said, done, or planned)要點(diǎn)；論點(diǎn)，主旨：I don't see your point.(我不明白你的意思。)He said nothing to the point.(他說的不切題。)
178. It has always been the _____ of our firm to encourage workers to take part in social activities.
A. plan B. campaign C. procedure D. policy
[答案]D. policy.
[注釋]policy(尤指政黨、政府、大企業(yè)、商行等的)政策，方針。Campaign(政治或競選的)運(yùn)動；（軍事的）行動，procedure做事的手續(xù)、程序，rule規(guī)則，plan計劃，均不合題意。
本題譯文：本公司的一貫方針是鼓勵工人參加社會活動。
179. The climbers _____ their ambition by reaching the summit of the mountain.
A. obtained B. sustained C. maintained D. realized
[答案]D. realised.
[注釋]realise sth. by doing sth. else通過做......來實現(xiàn).......。
180. I remember her face but I cannot _____ where I met her.
A. recall B. remind C. remember D. remark
[答案]A. recall.
[注釋]recall(=bring back to the mind)想起，回憶起：But I really cann't recall your name at his moment.
Remind sb. of ...使......想起：1)The photo reminds me of my late father.(這張照片使我想起已故的父親。) 2)The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.
Remind sb. to sth.提醒......做......；Please remind me to write the letter.
181. He has left his book here on _____, so that you can read it.
A. purpose B. intention C. aim D. meaning
[答案]A. purpose.
[注釋]on purpose是介詞習(xí)語，意為"故意地"。如用intention,則應(yīng)說by intention故意地。
182. The magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.
A. by accident B. on occasion
C. at random D. on an average
[答案]C. at random.
[注釋]at random(=without aim or purpose)隨便地，胡亂地：His clothes were scattered about the room at random.
By accident意外地；on occasion偶爾；on an average平均計算。
183. The open university was started in order to help those who _____ having a university education when they were young.
A. stopped B. failed C. missed D. ceased
[答案]C. missed.
[注釋]miss doing sth.沒有做某事：I missed seeing the film when it was shown at school.(學(xué)校放映那部電影時，我沒有能去看。)
184. His _____of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly.
A. shape B. pattern C. design D. model
[答案]D. model.
[注釋]model此句中意為"（飛機(jī)的）模型"。
185. If you _____ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.
A. conduct B. dismiss C. grant D. moderate
[答案]D. moderate.
[注釋]moderate(=make or become less violent or extreme)節(jié)制，緩和，減輕。
186. Don't _____ the news to the public until we give you the go-ahead (許可，準(zhǔn)許).
A. release B. discard C. relieve D. retain
[答案]A, release.
[注釋]release(=allow news to be published)發(fā)布（新聞）：Details of the scheme have not yet been released to the public.(這項計劃的細(xì)節(jié)尚未向公眾發(fā)布。)
relieve 1)減輕（痛苦，緊張情緒等）：What will relieve a headache? This will help to relieve our hardship. 2)使放心，使寬慰：The good news relieved us, for we had been very anxious. 3)賑濟(jì)，救濟(jì)：The fund is for relieving distress among the flood victims. 4)relieve...from(of)解除，免除； a. This medicine will help to relieve you from your pain. b. He was relieved of his duties.
retain(= keep; continue to have or hold)保持，繼續(xù)保有：1)She retains a clear memory of her schooldays. 2)You must retain your tickets.
187. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause _____ of vegetables in the coming days.
A. rarity B. scarcity C. invalidity D. variety
[答案]B. scarcity.
[注釋]scarcity(=the state of being scarce)缺乏；不足（指原本充足之物暫時在數(shù)量上的缺乏）。例如：The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.(水果的供應(yīng)不足是干旱所引起的。)rarity(=sth. uncommon, unusual or sth. valued because rare)珍稀，稀少：Snow is a rarity around the equator.(雪在赤道周圍是罕見之物。)invalidity(=making weak by illness; not suitable for use)無效性，喪失工作能力。Variety(=difference of condition or quality)變化，多樣化。
本題譯文：目前席卷這一地區(qū)的暴風(fēng)雨今后肯定會引起蔬菜短缺。
188. Jack almost fell off the cliff, but managed to _____ until help came.
A. keep on B. catch on C. count on D. hang on
[答案]D. hang on.
[注釋]hang on(=hold fast, keep hold)牢牢抓住，抓緊不放：Help! I can't hang on much longer.(救命啊！我支持不住啦。)keep on(doing sth.)繼續(xù)（做......）；catch on 理解；count on 指望，依賴。
本題譯文：杰克差點(diǎn)從懸崖上掉下來，但得以抓住不放直到得救。
189. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _____ healthy.
A. preserve B. stay C. maintain D. reserve
[答案]B. stay.
[注釋]preserve, stay, maintain, reserve這4個詞均有"保持"，"維持"之意。stay后可接形容詞作表語：The weather stayed wet for three days.其他3個詞均為及物動詞。
Preserve(=keep safe from decay, risk, harm, danger, going bad etc.)保存，保護(hù)：1)Policemen preserve order in the streets.(警察在街上維持秩序。) 2)We must preserve our natural resources.(我們必須保護(hù)自然資源。)3)You paint woodwork to preserve it.(你油漆木制品以防腐爛。)
Maintain(=keep up)保持，維持，維修。
Reserve(=keep for a special purpose; store)保留，預(yù)定：1)I'll reserve my opinion at his time,(這時我將保留我的看法。) 2)I'll phone up today and reserve a room.(我今天將打電話預(yù)定一個房間。)
本題譯文：專家們說，步行是一個人保持健康的最好方法之一。
190. Expected noises are usually more _____ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.
A. manageable B. controllable
C. tolerable D. perceivable
[答案]C. tolerable.
[注釋]tolerable(=fairly good, not too bad)可忍受的：The pain has become tolerable. manageable可處理的；可管理的；controllable可控制的；perceivable可覺察的。
本題譯文：料想到的嗓音通常情況下比起等量的意外嗓音來說是可以忍受的。
191. It isn't so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works _____.
A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all
[答案]C. at all.
[注釋]at all全然，真地（常用于肯定句中）：If you do it at all, do it well.(你若真做，就得做好。)not...at all全不，毫不：He doesn't seem at all interested in my plane.(他似乎對我的計劃毫無興趣。)above all(=most important of all)最重要的。in all總計：We were fifteen in all.(我們總計15人。)after all畢竟，終究。
本題譯文：他是否努力工作到并不重要，問題是他是否真正地做了。
192. Mary had taken _____ to see that her guests had everything that they could possibly want.
A. efforts B. pains C. attempts D. endeavors
[答案]B. pains.
[注釋]take pains to do sth.下苦功夫做某事：I'm grateful because you have taken pains to show me how to do the work.
193. He ate what he could, and gave the _____ of the food to the birds.
A. remain B. uneaten C. rest D. part
[答案]C. reset
[注釋]the rest (of)剩余部分，其余。remain作"剩余物"(=what is left)解時常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：the remains of a meal(殘羹剩飯)。[ALI]《新英漢辭典》認(rèn)為也可以用單數(shù)，可作參考。
194. The government placed _____ on the numbers of foreign cars that could be imported.
A. limitations B. restraint
C. requirements D. restrictions
[答案]D. restrictions.
[注釋]restriction(可數(shù)名稱)限制性規(guī)定：It is a club with rigid restrictions on its membership.
Limitation局限性，不足之處，不利之處（可數(shù)）：1)I know my limitations.(我了解我的不足之處。) 2)Every from of art has its limitations.（每種藝術(shù)形式都有其局限性。）
195. We won't know whether it will be successful. We won't know whether there will be good _____.
A. ends B. results C. effects D. causes
[答案]B. results.
[注釋]result意為"由某種活動或某種原因所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果"，如：obtain(=get, attain, gain win, secure)good results（取得好結(jié)果），publish the results（公布成績）。
196. No one imagined that the apparently _____ businessman was really a criminal.
A. respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respected
[答案]B. respectable.
[注釋]respectable受到尊敬的。詳見117.注釋。
本題譯文：沒有一個想象到這個看起來令人尊敬的商人竟是一個罪犯。
197. At first the institute refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _____ revised.
A. occasionally B. consequently
C. successively D. subsequently.
[答案]D. subsequently.
[注釋]subsequently(=afterwards)隨后，其后。
198. The speaker _____ several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic.
A. held on B. worked out C. touched on D. kept out of
[答案]C. touched on
[注釋]touch on簡單談到。參閱178注釋。
199. Comrade Li Dazhao, _____ librarian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.
A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times
[答案]B. sometime.
[注釋]sometime(=former)過去的，以前的：Alice Brown, a sometime pupil of our school, is now a teacher there.
200. Alice was very sorry to hear that her grandmother had _____ two days before.
A. broken off B. passed off
C. given away D. passed away
[答案]D. passed away.
[注釋]pass away(=die)死亡，是"死亡"的委婉語。
break off中斷；give away給掉；泄露；pass off中止，中斷。
201. What makes the space shuttle _____ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane.
A. exceptional B. strange C. unique D. rare
[答案]C. unique.
[注釋]unique(=being the only one of its type)同類事物中獨(dú)一無二的。如：This stamp is unique; all others like it have been lost or destroyed.
202. People cannot but feel _____, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
A. puzzled B. delighted C. induced D. inspired
[答案]A. puzzled.
[注釋]be (feel, get) puzzled感到迷惑、為難。
本題譯文：人們不得不感到迷惑，因為他們簡直不能理解，他怎么能犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。
203. When a space shuttle has accomplished its _____, it can be ready for another trip in about two weeks.
A. venture B. mission C. commission D. responsibility
[答案]B. mission.
[注釋]mission通常指一種特殊的、特定的且有一定難度的使命或工作，常與accomplish, complete等詞搭配，如：accomplish a historic mission完成一項歷史使命。Venture冒險；常指商業(yè)上的冒險投機(jī)。例如：He declined the business venture. Commission委任；代理；傭金。He often goes beyond his commission.(他時常越權(quán)。)responsibility責(zé)任。
本題譯文：當(dāng)航天飛機(jī)完成了它的使命，它能在大約兩周內(nèi)做好準(zhǔn)備再次航行。
204. He's the kind of man who is fond of _____ compliments to other men's wives.
A. paying B. saying C. expressing D. showing
[答案]A. paying
[注釋]pay a compliment (compliments) to sb.恭維某人。
205. Radar enables the pilot of an airliner to take off, fly and land in _____.
A. danger B. comfort C. continuity D. safety
[答案]D. safety.
[注釋]in safety安全地。從邏輯上看，其他選擇均不切題。
206. The map was drawn to the standard _____ of 1/100,000, so there was not much detail.
A. route B. line C. rate D. scale
[答案]d. scale.
[注釋]scale在此題中意指"（實物與地圖、圖解等代表物間的）比例，比例尺".be drawn to be standard scale of 1/100,000(按照十萬分之一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比例尺繪制)。
207. Our Party has always devoted great attention to raising the living _____ of the working people.
A. cost B. situation C. level D. standard
[答案]D. standard.
[注釋]living standard生活水準(zhǔn)。
208. It was _____ by the railway board that the cost of rail fares would be increased by ten percent.
A. noticed B. stated C. suggested D. noted
[答案]B. stated.
[注釋]state此處意為"（=make sth. know, announce）宣布，通告，聲明（口頭的或書面的）"，如：It is stated that all the accident were killed.(據(jù)宣布，事故中全部人員無一幸免。)suggest建議，是表示欲望意義的動詞，從句中要用虛擬語氣（should +動詞原形）。Note(=notice)"注意到"，如：It was noted that the temperature rose during this time.
209. The chances of discovering life on Neptune are about a million _____.
A. at one B. for one C. to one D. against one
[答案]c. the one.
[注釋]a million to one百萬分之一，意為"幾乎沒有什么可能"。
210. Everything he said then was _____ by what happened later.
A. identified B. signified C. noticed D. verified
[答案]D. verified.
[注釋]verify(=prove the truth of)證實，證明：1)It was easy to verify his statements.(很容易證實他說的話。) 2)Later findings verified the scientist's theory(后來的各種發(fā)現(xiàn)證明這位科學(xué)家的理論是對的。)
identify識別，鑒別；signify表示，意味，要緊；有重要性：1)He signified that he agreed by nodding.(他點(diǎn)頭表示同意。) 2)Never mind, it doesn't signify.(沒事兒，這無關(guān)緊要。)
211. The party, which had been greatly _____, was spoiled by the rude behavior of an uninvited guest.
A. looked forward to B. looked up to
C. called forth D. called for
[答案]A. looked forward to.
[注釋]Look forward to 期待，盼望。參閱Ⅲ.109.; call forth引起，喚起。參閱Ⅲ.29注釋。 Call for需要，參閱Ⅲ.26注釋。Look up to尊敬。
212. It was clear that the small grocer was _____ people he owed money to.
A. at the expense of B. at the risk of
C. in the way of D. at the mercy of
[答案]D. at the mercy of.
[注釋]at the mercy of在......支配下：The ship was at the mercy of the waves.(這艘船任憑風(fēng)浪擺布。)
at the expense of以......為代價，靠犧牲......；in the way of礙......事；at the risk of冒......的危險：1)He devoted his time to football at the expense of his studies.(他犧牲學(xué)習(xí)把時間都花在足球上。) 2)Her social lift got in the way of her studies.(她的社交生活妨礙了她的學(xué)習(xí)。) 3)We do this at the risk of our lives and liberties.(我們冒丟掉生命和喪失自由的危險做這件事。)
本題譯文：顯然，這家小雜鋪任憑其債主的擺布。
213. I _____ her not to walk on the thin ice but she would not listen to me.
A. warned B. persuaded C. suggested D. noticed
[答案]A. warned.
[注釋]warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不）做某事。
Suggest不能接sb. to do sth。persuade sb.(not) to do sth.說服、某人（不）做某事；本題中不能選D. persuaded, 因該動詞強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的結(jié)果。從邏輯上講，既然"說服了"，那么與she wouldn't listen to me就前后矛盾了。如果把句子該為：I tried to persuade her not to walk on the thin ice but she wouldn't listen to me.(我極力勸她不要在薄冰上走，但她不愿聽我的話。)，那么就符合邏輯了。
[注意]warn sb. of sth.警告某人有......。
214. When products made in factories _____, they are thrown away as garbage.
A. come to an end B. are put to use
C. are used up D. wear out
[答案]D. wear out.
[注釋]wear out本題中意指（become useless form continued use of wear）用壞，穿破，如：The machine will soon wear out.(這機(jī)器即將用壞。)come to and end(結(jié)束)，put ... to use(投入使用), use up(用完)， come into use(開始投入使用)。
215. She is making herself ill with _____ over her son's future.
A. trouble B. annoyance C. disgust D. worry
[答案]D. worry
[注釋]worry既可作動詞用，也可以作名詞用，意思是"憂慮"，后接介詞about或over。worry over 比worry about對某事的憂慮更為持久，更為專注，如：He worries over the least thing that goes wrong.(他總是惟恐有一點(diǎn)小事出錯。)
216. The microphone enabled them to keep in touch, in other words, it made it _____ for them to contact each other.
A. likely B. capable C. possible D. probable
[答案]C. possible
[注釋]able有才能的，有能力的，指人的才智，而且是受過實際鍛煉的才干。Capable"有才能的，能勝任的"(有褒、貶 二義)，如：He is capable of anything.(他什么事都干得出來。)此句含有明顯得貶義。此外，作表語時，able接不定式，capable接of. capable還有一意思是"有可能 的"，例如：The car is capable of being repaired .（這輛汽車是有可能修好的。）用于此義時，be capable of 后常接被動語態(tài)動名詞或有動作意義的名詞：The situation is capable of improvement .possible 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀可能性，"可能的"程度比probable"大概的，很可能的低一些。
注意likely與possible在結(jié)構(gòu)搭配上的區(qū)別。Likely可用于下列句型中：1)It is likely that...例如：It is highly likely that he will succeed.（很可能他會成功。）2)think(feel, consider)it likely ...例如：I think it likely that we will ultimately get a certain amount of money.3)be likely to do sth.例如：He is likely to see you again .但下面的句型是錯誤的，It is likely for sb to do sth.所以think it likely for sb. to do sth.也是錯誤的，故本題不能選likely.
217. They did not find _____ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.
A. worth their while B. it worthwhile
C. it worth D. it worthy
[答案]B. it worthwhile
[注釋]worthwhile值花時間（或精力）干的：1)The visit to Paris was worthwhile .2)He thinks teaching foreign languages is worthwhile.3)She has a very worthwhile job.4)I think it worthwhile to work on my stamp collection.
Worthy (of)配得上，值得：1)He is worthy of being praised.(=He is worthy to be praised.)2)He is a worthy winner.3)She is not worthy to talk to man like you.（她配不上與你這樣一位男士談話）。
218. In spite of the thunderstorm, the children slept _____ all night.
A. densely B. soundly C. loudly D. noisily
[答案]B. soundly
[注釋]sleep soundly熟睡。也可以說sleep heavily.
219. John _____ knowledge of radio just by staying around the radio station.
A. caught on B. worked up C. took up D. picked up
[答案]D. picked up
[注釋]pick up學(xué)到，習(xí)得。詳見Ⅲ。130注釋。
220. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be _____ to it.
A. connected B. fastened C. bound D. stuck
[答案]C. bound
[注釋]be bound to sth.受...的約束：I was bound to my promise.(我受我的諾言約束)[注意]be bound to do sth.1)一定會：The plan is bound to win.（這項計劃一定會成功。）2)有責(zé)任（義務(wù)）：You are bound to obey the laws.(你有責(zé)任遵守法紀(jì))。
本題譯文：我支持你的決定，但是我得說明，我不打算受它約束。
221. Professor Jordon is well known for his _____ into the habits of the common housefly.
A. examination B. introduction
C. research D. expression
[答案]C. research
[注釋]research into對...研究：1)(作動詞用)He is researching into the reading problems of young school children.2)（作名詞用）to carry out a research(=some research)into the causes of brain damage.(對大腦損傷原因進(jìn)行研究)。
研究可譯為make researches into, make a study of 或直接用動詞study vt或research into (a problem etc.).
222. The Prime Minister refused to comment on the rumor that he had planned to _____.
A. discharge B. dismiss C. resign D. resume
[答案]C. resign
[注釋]resign(=give up a post)辭職：1)imagine he will resign.2)It was his duty to resign his position.
discharge sb.= dismiss sb.解雇某人：He was discharged(=dismissed) for being dishonest.
223. It was decided to _____ the search when there was no hope of finding the missing girl alive.
A. call off B. take up C. keep off D. ring up
[答案]A. call off
[注釋]call off(=cancel)取消。詳見Ⅲ。25注釋。
224. He put in a special _____ for an extra day's holiday so that he could attend his daughter's wedding.
A. request B. demand C. inquiry D. proposal
[答案]A. request
[注釋]request請求，put in a request for (提出請求)。enquiry詢問，demand 需求，需要，proposal建議，均不和題意。
225. She _____ the temptation to buy a coat she could not afford.
A. challenged B. obstructed C. contradicted D. resisted
[答案]D. resisted. [注釋]resist 此處意指（=keep oneself back from）"忍住..."，resist temptation(不受誘惑)。
本題譯文：她不受誘惑，不去買她買不起的外衣。
226. Scientists have to work hard to keep _____ with modern discoveries and developments.
A. company B. track C. touch D. pace
[答案]D. pace.
[注釋]keep pace with跟上：1)This horse is too weak to keep pace with the others. 2)I can't help pace with your plan.
Keep in touch with與......保持聯(lián)系；了解（情況）；1)People can keep in touch with each other even when they do leave. 2)I find it very difficult to keep in touch with all the recent developments in my subject.(我覺得很難了解我的科目當(dāng)前的一切新發(fā)展。)
Keep company(with)與......相好：Never keep company with dishonest persons.(千萬不要和不誠實的人來往。)
Keep track of通曉事態(tài)，了解動向：I find it difficult to keep track of my old friends.(我很難了解我的老朋友的情況。)keep track of的反義結(jié)構(gòu)是lose track of（失去聯(lián)系）。
以上成語均為考試大綱規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，考生務(wù)必熟記。
227. He didn't _____ what I read because his mind was on something else.
A. hold on B. catch on C. take in D. get over
[答案]C. take in
[注釋]take in(=understand)理解。參閱Ⅲ。173注釋。hold on(打電話時)不要掛斷；catch on明白（作不及物動詞用），catch on to懂得，明白（作及物動詞用）；get over克服。
228. We made plans for a visit but _____ difficulties with the car prevented it.
A. consequent B. subordinate
C. substantial D. subsequent
[答案]D. subsequent.
[注釋]subsequent(=later, following)隨后得，接著發(fā)生的：subsequent events（隨后發(fā)生的事件）。consequent(作為結(jié)果)而隨之發(fā)生的：His long illness and consequent absence put him behind in his work.根據(jù)題意，本題用subsequent更妥。
229. Arrogance and pride are similar in meaning, but there is _____ difference between them.
A. a submerged B. an indecisive
C. an indistinct D. a subtle
[答案]D. a subtle.
[注釋]subtle微妙的，微細(xì)的，難以捉摸的。a subtle difference.（微細(xì)的差別）。Submerged浸沒的；indecisive非決定性的，非結(jié)論性的，未清楚標(biāo)明的；indistinct不清楚的，模糊的；subconscious下意識的。
230. This watch is _____ to all the other watches on the market.
A. superior B. advantageous C. super D. beneficial
[答案]A. superior.
[注釋]superior。參看Ⅱ，669注釋。
231. The government has lost a great deal of _____ because of the large increase in food pries.
A. strength B. support C. agreement D. vote
[答案]B. support.
[注釋]lose support失去支持。vote作為"選票"解時，是可數(shù)名稱，所以不能與a great deal of搭配。
232. The branches could hardly _____ the weight of the fruit.
A. retain B. maintain C. sustain D. remain
[答案]C. sustain.
[注釋]sustain(=hold up the weight of)承住，支撐：An old wall cannot sustain a new building.
233. He thought this was the first pair of shoes that had fitted him _____.
A. perfectly B. justly C. fairly D. rightly
[答案]A. perfectly.
[注釋]perfectly(=quite well, completely)十分，完全地。
justly公正地，正當(dāng)?shù)�，�?yīng)得地；rightly正確地，恰當(dāng)?shù)�，正直地；fairly公正地，正當(dāng)?shù)�；相�?dāng)，還算；清楚地。
234. I feel sure that _____ qualification, ability and experience, you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.
A. in case of B. in terms of
C. in the opinion of D. in the course of
[答案]B. in terms of.
[注釋]in terms of依據(jù)，按照。In case of萬一......；in the opinion of按照......的看法；in the course of在......的過程中，在......期間。以上4個習(xí)語均為大綱規(guī)定之列，考生應(yīng)熟記、活用。
Have...in mind心中想到。
本題譯文：我肯定，根據(jù)資格、能力和經(jīng)驗，你完全適合我們心中想到的工作。
235. So far as he could, John had always tried to _____ the example he saw in Lincoln.
A. live up to B. set forth C. call for D. cut out
[答案]A. live up to.
[注釋]live up to不辜負(fù)，作到；參閱Ⅲ，102注釋, set forth闡明，提出，列舉；參閱Ⅲ，154注釋, cut out刪去；參閱Ⅲ，38注釋, call for需要，要求；參閱Ⅲ，26注釋。
本題譯文：只要約翰能夠，他總是努力做到他在林肯身上所看到的榜樣。
236. It would be _____ a risk to let the child go to school by himself.
A. following B. passing C. running D. carrying
[答案]C. running.
[注釋]run(take) a risk 冒風(fēng)險：You are running a big risk in trusting him.(你信任他是冒極大的風(fēng)險。) by oneself(=alone)單獨(dú)，獨(dú)立地。
237. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _____.
A. hurt B. spoiled C. damaged D. harmed
[答案]B. spoiled.
[注釋]spoil(=make a child selfish from having too much attention or praise)寵壞，慣壞；Spare the rod, spoil the child.(省下了棍子，慣壞了孩子。)這是英國諺語，意為"棒頭上出孝子"。
238. Paper making began in China and from there it _____ to North Africa and Europe.
A. sprang B. spilled C. carried D. spread
[答案]D. spread.
[注釋]spread vt./vi. 此處意指"傳播"，如：1)The news spread quickly. 2)Files spread disease.(蒼蠅傳播疾病。)carry是及物動詞，意為把某人從一處帶到他處，故也有"傳送"的含義，如：He carried the news to everyone in the village. 當(dāng)carry vt. 在本句中與句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)不符。Carry作vi.用時，指"（發(fā)射物、聲音等）能射到，能傳到"，如：His voice carries far. (他的聲音能傳得很遠(yuǎn)。)
239. When the entire class worked together they finished the project _____.
A. in no way B. in no time
C. on no account D. in no case
[答案]B. in no time.
[注釋]in no time (=in a very little time, soon, quickly)立即，馬上：The bus filled with students in no time. (這輛公共汽車很快就被學(xué)生擠滿了。)
240. The _____ of his clothes indicated too clearly that he had been playing football.
A. state B. condition C. occasion D. situation
[答案]A. state.
[注釋]state n. 狀況，狀態(tài)。例如：She is in a poor state of health. Situation處境，形勢，局面，情況，工作：He was in a hopeless situation. condition 情況（多用復(fù)數(shù)）： Economic conditions were bad. occasion 場合，時機(jī)。
241. Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can _____ attack their trainer.
A. unexpectedly B. deliberately C. reluctantly D. subsequently
[答案]A. unexpectedly.
[注釋]unexpectedly 出乎意料地。例如：He unexpectedly failed to get the job.(他出乎意料沒有得到這件工作。)又如：We met each other unexpectedly. (我們不期而遇。)deliberately故意地：I believe the house was deliberately set fire to.(我相信這房子是有人故意放火燒的。)reluctantly 不情愿地，勉強(qiáng)地：She agreed, very reluctantly, to help. (她十分買鳥槍地同意幫忙。) subsequently后來，隨后：He escaped from prison but was subsequently recaptured. (他越獄逃跑了，但后來又被抓回來。)
本題譯文：馬戲團(tuán)地老虎雖然已被馴服，但也會出乎意料地襲擊馴獸師。
242. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which _____ increase the risk of heart disease.
A. in turn B. in return C. by chance D. by turns
[答案]A. in turn。
[注釋]in turn (插入語)轉(zhuǎn)而，依次，而又：We need revision of estimated sales and this, in turn , will mean revision in production schedule. (我們必須修改預(yù)計銷量，而這反過來又意為這修訂生產(chǎn)計劃。)in return 作為報答: I wish I could do something for you in return. (我要是能為你做點(diǎn)事作為報案就好了。)I gave him a present but he gave me nothing in return.（我送給他一份禮物，可他卻什么也不給我作為答謝。）by chance (=by accident)偶然地；無意中：I meet him by chance on Fifth Avenue.(我偶然在第5大街上遇到他。)by turns 輪流地，依次：There were twelve of us in the boat and we rowed by turns.(船上有12人，我們輪流劃船。)
本題譯文：緊張的環(huán)境會導(dǎo)致諸如不良的飲食習(xí)慣等不健康行為，而后者又會增加患心臟病的危險。
243. The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them _____.
A. correct B. perfect C. right D. well
[答案]C. right。
[注釋]put sth. /sb. right 糾正；治好，使恢復(fù)健康：Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to put the matters right. (既然人類已造成了如此巨大的損害，人類又哲人糾正這種狀況。)又如：This medicine will soon put you right. (這藥很快會使你恢復(fù)健康。)其他3個選擇均不能與put 構(gòu)成習(xí)語，故不能入選。
本題譯文：病人相信醫(yī)生清楚地知道怎樣治好他的病。
244. They decided to leave the waiter a big _____ because the food and service had been excellent.
A. note B. reward C. tip D. gift
[答案]C. tip。
[注釋]tip 本題中意為"小費(fèi)"。
245. And you find that you're not to be _____ with a position of real responsibility.
A. offered B. trusted C. furnished D. retained
[答案]B. trusted。
[注釋]trust sb. with sth. 把某事托付給某人：I can't trust him with my car.(我不能把我的車托付給他。)本題譯文：你認(rèn)為不會把真正有責(zé)任的工作托付給你。
246. There was a good _____ of the countryside from the front of the bus.
A. sight B. view C. scene D. scenery
[答案]B. view。
[注釋]view在本句中意指"看，眺望"，如：It is a large room with a view of the doctor's well-kept garden. (這是一間大房間，從房間里能看到醫(yī)生精心管理的花園。)本題譯文：坐在汽車的前排座位可以清楚地看到鄉(xiāng)間的景色。
247. In aerospace devices the weight of the necessary power producing equipment is _____.
A. vital B. possible C. capable D. reliable
[答案]A. vital。
[注釋]vital 極其重要的。本題譯文：在航空航天裝置中必要的動力設(shè)備的重量問題是至關(guān)緊要的。
248. This album is _____ as it was the only one ever signed by the President.
A. unusual B. unique C. rare D. special
[答案]B. unique。
[注釋]unique(某一類中)獨(dú)一無二的。如選unusual(不尋常的，獨(dú)特的)，雖然也說得過去，但毫無疑問，unique是最佳選擇，因為它的后面the only one相呼應(yīng)。Special專門的，專用的，例如；They went to London on a special train.[他們搭一班專車（或加班車）去倫敦。]rare稀有的，罕見的，如：rare metals(稀有的金屬)。Singular單數(shù)的。
249. Trains stop here in order to _____ passengers only.
A. get off B. pick up C. pull up D. pull in
[答案]B. pick up
[注釋]pick up passages(接運(yùn)旅客上車。)
pull in(火車)進(jìn)站；（船）靠岸；pull up停車；get off下車。
250. He _____ the place where he had been bitten by an insect.
A. snatched B. scratched C. squeezed D. stretched
[答案]B. scratched.
[注釋]scratch抓，搔。此外，有一常用習(xí)語：scratch one's head over sth.對某事迷惑不解，搔頭皮。
Snatch掠奪；stretch拉長，延伸，撐大；squeeze壓榨，擠。
251. It is not profitable to provide bus services in districts where the population is widely _____.
A. scattered B. dismissed C. separated D. spread
[答案]A. scattered.
[注釋]scattered是scatter的過去分詞，也可作形容詞用，（=lying in different directions; not situated together, wide apart）分散的，散布在各處的。Separate分開的，spread傳播；攤開，dismiss解雇。
252. There are usually at least two _____ of looking at every question.
A. ways B. directions C. views D. opinions
[答案]A. ways.
[注釋]two ways of looking at every questions意指"觀察每個問題的兩個方面"。
253. He left in such a hurry that I _____ had time to thank him.
A. almost B. even C. nearly D. scarcely
[答案]D. scarcely.
[注釋]scarcely(=hardly, not quite, almost not)幾乎沒有。Scarcely是否定副詞，類似的有：hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, little等。研究生入學(xué)考試中經(jīng)常測試這類否定副詞的用法。
254. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the _____ from their exhaust-pipes contains an even larger volume of poisonous gas.
A. exposure B. distribution C. expansion D. emission
[答案]D. emission.
[注釋]emission散發(fā)物，發(fā)射。exposure(to)暴露于：They believe that their health problems are the result of years of exposure to fine cotton dust.(他們認(rèn)為，他們的健康問題是多年來暴露于棉花粉塵所致。)expansion膨脹，擴(kuò)大；Heat causes the expansion of gas.本題譯文：正如汽車的生產(chǎn)和使用越來越多一樣，汽車的排氣管的散發(fā)物內(nèi)所含的有毒氣體量也在增加。
255. The book seems to have been _____ from various books and articles.
A. pieced together B. taken off
C. broken away D. pulled out
[答案]A. pieced together.
[注釋]piece together拼合，拼湊；take off起飛；break away from脫離；pull out拔出；駛出；（車）減速。
256. We had a marvelous holiday: only the last two days were slightly _____ by the weather.
A. damaged B. hurt C. ruined D. spoiled
[答案]D. spoiled.
[注釋]spoiled使......掃興: A shower of rain spoiled our day's outing.
257. I could tell he was surprised from the _____ on his face.
A. appearance B. view C. sight D. expression
[答案]D. expression.
[注釋]expression此處意指"表情"。Appearance表示人的"儀表，外表"。
258. I'd like to take _____ of this opportunity to thank you all for your cooperation.
A. profit B. benefit C. advantage D. interests
[答案]C. advantage.
[注釋]take advantage of(=make use of sth. for one's own benefit)利用：take advantage of my ignorance(利用我的無知)。
259. If you ever have the _____ to go abroad to work, you should take it.
A. possibility B. offer C. luck D. chance
[答案]D. chance.
[注釋]chance(偶然的)機(jī)會。Have與the(或 a) possibility不能搭配；常用There is a possibility for sb. to do sth.表示客觀存在的"可能性"。
260. Scientists think they have _____ in their attempt to find the causes of some major dieases.
A. broken through B. worked out
C. fallen out D. got round
[答案]A. broken through.
[注釋]break through(=be successful after overcoming a difficulty)突破；取得重大成果：Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.(科學(xué)家希望在與心臟病斗爭中很快取得重大成果。)
本題譯文：科學(xué)家認(rèn)為他們在探索某些重要疾病的病因中已取得重大突破。
261. His test results are not very _____. He does well one week and badly the next.
A. invariable B. consequent C. continuous D. consistent
[答案]D. consistent.
[注釋]consistent 1)始終如一，前后一致：He is not consistent in his statements.(他的話并不前后一致。) 2)與......一致：The story is not consistent with the facts. What you say is not consistent with what you do.
262. The new safety regulations were agreed on after _____ with the work-force.
A. conference B. participation
C. intervention D. consultation
[答案]D. consultation.
[注釋]consultation商議：hold a consultation with sb. about sth.（與某人商談某事）。
conference討論會；participation參加，參與；intervention干預(yù)，干涉。
263. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _____ of her heart.
A. hitting B. beating C. tapping D. knocking
[答案]B. beating.
[注釋]beating 此處是動名詞，指"（心）跳"：Her heart was beating furiously.
264. During World War II Malta managed to _____ most of Italian and German bombers by throwing up an effective anti-aircraft screen.
A. put out B. shut out C. come across D. get across
[答案]B. shut out.
[注釋]shut out(=prevent from coming in; block)排除，排斥：They shut out our dust by having double windows.(他們用雙層窗戶防塵。)
put out撲滅；get across越過；使人了解；come across偶然遇到。
本題譯文：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，馬耳他建立了有效的防空屏障以防止意大利和德國的轟炸機(jī)侵入。
265. I think we should let Maria go camping with her boyfriend. _____, she's a big girl now.
A. Above all B. After all C. First of all D. For all
[答案]B. After all.
[注釋]after all畢竟。
"for all + 名詞"意為"盡管": For all his wealth, he was unhappy.(盡管他富有，但他并不幸福。)
266. Jim's close _____ to his brother made people mistake them for one another.
A. confusion B. similarity C. resemblance D. imitation
[答案]C. resemblance.
[注釋]resemblance n. 像（to）。 resemble(vt.)像; She resembles her mother.(=She takes after her mother.)
imitation模仿；仿效；confusion混亂，混淆；similarity相似性。
267. It has been decided that this company has the _____ right to print Mr. Smith's novels.
A. eventual B. versatile C. extensive D. exclusive
[答案]D. exclusive.
[注釋]exclusive(=reserved to the person(s) concerned)獨(dú)有的；This bathroom is for the president's exclusive use.
eventual最終的；versatile通用的，萬用的；extensive廣泛的。
268. He has recently _____ chess to provide himself with some relaxation.
A. taken on B. taken up C. held on D. held up
[答案]B. taken up.
[注釋]take up開始從事。take on參閱Ⅲ，162,171注釋。hold on, hold up參閱Ⅲ，162,171注釋。
269. What a terrible experience! _____ , you are safe, that's the main thing.
A. Somehow B. Anyhow C. Somewhat D. Anywhere
[答案]B. Anyhow.
[注釋]anyhow(at= any rate; in any case)無論如何，不管怎樣。
270. John always tries to _____ people who are useful to him professionally.
A. develop B. provoke C. correspond D. cultivate
[答案]D. cultivate.
[注釋]cultivate sb.結(jié)識（有地位的人），培養(yǎng)與......的友誼：He always tries to cultivate rich and famous people.(他總是極力結(jié)識有錢的知名人士。)
本題譯文：約翰總是力圖結(jié)識在職業(yè)方面對他有用的人。
271. Although he hasn't any formal qualifications, Betas _____ to do well for himself.
A. managed B. succeeded C. arranged D. convinced
[答案]a. managed.
[注釋]manage to do sth.(=succeed in doing sth.)設(shè)法做成某事：1)He managed to escape to South America.(他設(shè)法逃到了南美。) 2)We managed to get what we wanted, anyhow.(我們反正設(shè)法得到了需要的東西。) 3)Do you suppose you can manage to get me a passport?(你能設(shè)法給我弄到一份護(hù)照嗎？)
本題譯文：雖然他沒有正式的資力，但他收入很多。Do well for oneself吃香，收入多，改善自己的社會地位。
272. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to _____ rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways to deal with its own problems.
A. set up B. put down C. keep up D. lay down
[答案]D. lay down.
[注釋]lay down制定。參閱Ⅲ，97注釋。
273. After a short holiday, he _____ himself once more to his studies.
A. applied B. converted C. engaged D. exerted
[答案]A. applied.
[注釋]apply oneself to"致力于"。Apply one's mind to(專心于)。Apply to sb. for aid(向某人求援)。Apply a theory to practice(把理論應(yīng)用于實踐)。
274. She felt _____ of having asked such a silly question when the audience couldn't help laughing.
A. guilty B. crazy C. miserable D. ashamed
[答案]D. ashamed.
[注釋] be ashamed of因......感到羞恥，慚愧：1)He is ashamed of what he was done.2)She felt ashamed of having done so little.(=She felt ashamed that she had done so little.) 3)John was ashamed to ask for help.(他不好意思向人求助。) 4)Jim was ashamed to have troubled me with so many questions.
Be guilty of犯有......罪，過失：1)He was found guilty. 2)I am not guilty of this crime.
275. The driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in summer to suit his own _____.
A. leisure B. preference C. convenience D. selection
[答案]B. preference.
[注釋]preference偏愛，更加喜歡：My preference is for beef rather than for lamb.(我更喜歡牛肉面不是羊肉。)
276. There is not much time left; So I'll tell you about it _____.
A. in detail B. in brief C. in short D. in all
[答案]B. in brief.
[注釋]in brief(=in a few words)簡短地（作狀語）,例如：He told me in brief what had happened.（他簡短地向我講了已發(fā)生地事情。）此處in brief等于briefly。此處，in brief(=in a word, in short)簡言之（作插入語）1)It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No".(這是一封長信，但簡言之，他說"不"。) 2)John is smart, polite, and well-behaved. In brief, he is admirable.此句中in brief意為in a word 或in short. in short作插入語，其意思是in a word(總之)。In detail詳細(xì)地。In all總計，總共：There are 20 in all.
277. She got married although her parents had not given her their _____.
A. allowance B. consent C. permit D. appreciation
[答案]B. consent.
[注釋]consent n. 同意，贊成；consent (to) vi.同意，如：consent to a plan(同意一項計劃)。allowance津貼。permit執(zhí)照，許可證。
278. The rain was heavy and _____ the land was flooded.
A. consequently B. constantly
C. continuously D. consistently
[答案]A. consequently.
[注釋]consequently (as a result)因而，所以。
279. Magnificent views over the countryside have often _____ people to write poems.
A. convinced B. inspired C. induced D. attracted
[答案]B. inspired.
[注釋]inspired鼓舞，激勵，產(chǎn)生：1)His speech inspired us to try again. 2)He inspired confidence in me.(他使我產(chǎn)生信心。) 3)The good news inspired us with hope.(這個好消息使我們產(chǎn)生希望。)
280. From the cheers and shouts of _____, I gathered that he was winning the race.
A. stimulus B. urgency C. encouragement D. promotion
[答案]C. encouragement.
[注釋]encouragement鼓勵，支持：shouts of encouragement(鼓勵的歡呼聲)。
本題譯文：從歡呼聲和鼓勵聲中，我猜想他正在贏得這場競賽。
281. She once again went through her composition carefully to _____ all spelling mistakes from it.
A. withdraw B. abandon C. diminish D. eliminate
[答案]D. eliminate.
[注釋]eliminate(=get rid of, do away with)消除，排除，淘汰：1) Can the government eliminate poverty?（政府能否消除貧困？） 2)eliminate slang words form an essay(從文章中去掉俚語詞)。
282. When the little child caught sight of the young woman _____ in white he started brawling immediately.
A. dressed B. wearing C. worn D. putting on
[答案]A. dressed.
[注釋]be dressed in 穿這......衣服。Wear意為"穿著"是及物動詞，語法結(jié)構(gòu)上與本題不符。Put on穿上，強(qiáng)調(diào)的動作。
283. Some areas, _____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.
A. due to B. but for C. in spite of D. with relation to
[答案]A. due to.
[注釋]due to由于。有些語言專家認(rèn)為due to引導(dǎo)的短語，在句中只能作表語，如：1)His absence was due to the storm. 2)The delay was due to heavy traffic. 3)This accident was due to his carelessness.但現(xiàn)代英語里due to引導(dǎo)的短語可以作狀語用，如：He failed due to carelessness. Due to heavy traffic, he was late for an hour or so.
284. Many university courses are not really _____ to the needs of students or their future employers.
A. associated B. relative C. geared D. sufficient
[答案]C. geared.
[注釋]be geared to與......相連接的，與......搭配得上的。Be relative to與......有關(guān)的：This is not relative to the accident.(這和這次事故無關(guān)。)本題意指courses(課程)是否與needs(需要)掛得上鉤，而不是一般得有點(diǎn)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選geared.
285. If we can _____ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
A. get off B. come across C. come over D. get over
[答案]D. get over.
[注釋]get over (difficulties)克服（困難）。
286. Be careful how you _____ that jug, it will break very easily.
A. pour B. operate C. handle D. employ
[答案]C. handle.
[注釋]handle意為"用手拿......":Wash your hands before you handle my books.
287. We suddenly saw the bus about to leave and had to run _____ to catch it.
A. hardly B. awkwardly C. hard D. strongly
[答案]C hard.
[注釋]run hard意為"使勁跑"，句中hard是副詞。Hardly"幾乎不"，是否定副詞，與本題不符。
288. He hated the war so much that he decided to leave the army _____.
A. for long B. once in a while
C. for good D. once upon a time
[答案] C. for good.
[注釋] for good (=permanently)永久地:He says he's leaving the country
for good. for long 長久地。按本題題意，用 for long 不妥。once upon a time 從前。once in a while 偶爾。
289. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the _____ before the fine weather came to an end.
A. collection B. harvest C. flower D. plant
[答案] B. harvest.
[注釋] gather in "收獲(莊稼)": The farmers are gathering in the corn.
290. A successful scientist needs _____ if he wants to make hypothesis (假設(shè)) of how processes work and how events take place.
A. permission B. penetration
C. imagination D. convention
[答案] C. imagination.
[注釋] imagination 想象力；penetration 穿透；permission 允許; convention 慣例，常規(guī)。
291. Tell your brother to come _____, because it's going to rain in a minute or two.
A. indoors B. outdoors C. outward D. inwards
[答案] A. indoors
[注釋] 按句子的邏輯意思應(yīng)選indoors adv. 向屋里；在屋里，inwards adv，向
內(nèi)，向中心，outward 向外。outdoors 是 indoors 的反義詞。
本文譯文: 叫你兄弟進(jìn)屋來，因為天馬上要下雨了.
292. I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own _____.
A. opinion B. guesswork C. justice D. judgment
[答案] D judgement
[注釋] judgement 判斷。guesswork 猜測，justice 正義，公正，ideal 理想。
293. Because of the poor harvest, wheat prices have _____ in the last six months.
A. added B. jumped C. amounted D. developed
[答案] B. jumped.
[注釋] jump (=rise suddenly in price) 指"(價格)暴漲"。
294. There is a 20 minute parking _____ here, so we must get back to the car very quickly.
A. freedom B. limit C. allowance D. prohibition
[答案] B. limit.
[注釋] parking limit 意為在停車場"停車的時間限制"。a 20 minutes parking limit (停車時間限制為20分鐘).
295. The country needs a _____ government. We have had three Prime Ministers in a year.
A. stationary B. changeless C. constant D. stable
[答案] D. stable.
[注釋] stable 穩(wěn)定的。stationary 靜止的，不變的，固定的。changeless 不變 的 ，無變化的。constant 經(jīng)常不斷的。
296. Having said he would mend the clock, he discovered that he had not brought the _____ tools for the job.
A. concise B. correct C. right D. precise
[答案] C. right.
[注釋] right 適當(dāng)?shù)模‘?dāng)?shù)?He is the right man to do the job。(他是干這 項工作的合適人選) concise 簡明扼要的，correct 正確的；exact 確切的： exact time 確切的時間，exact age 確切的年齡，exact weight 確切的重量； exact weight 確切的重量；exact information 確切的信息；exact cause 確切 的原因；exact meaning 確切的意思。
297. Radium salts, which have been found to _____ in bones, give rise to cancers of the bone.
A. pile up B. build up C. keep up D. pull up
[答案] B. build up.
[注釋] build up(=accumulate) 積累。pile up 堆積。keep up 保持，維持。 pull up 停車。
298. It has been laid down that each student must _____ a composition to the teacher once a week.
A. turn in B. give up C. put forward D. bring out
[答案] A. turn in.
[注釋] turn in(=hand in) 上交。
299. Our house is the most _____ one in the street; it is painted red.
A. permanent B. indifferent C. predominant D. prominent
[答案] D. prominent.
[注釋] prominent 突出的；突起的。indifferent 漠不關(guān)心的；permanent 永久 的；predominant 占優(yōu)勢的，主要的。
300. I shall take you back to Beijing _____ you are well enough to travel.
A. presently B. promptly C. immediately D. shortly
[答案] C. immediately
[注釋] immediately(=directly) 作連詞用，意為"一……就……"，相當(dāng)于 as soon as .
301. The writer was always looking for suitable _____ to use in his next story.
A. contents B. articles C. notions D. ideas
[答案] D. ideas.
[注釋] idea(= thought； picture in mind)念頭，思想，想法。
302. He gave me some very _____ advice on buying a house.
A. precious B. worthy C. precise D. valuable
[答案] D. valuable.
[注釋] valuable 寶貴的，有價值的，�？尚揎梐dvice， suggestion， assistance， discovery等名詞。 precious"貴重的"如: precious metals(貴金 屬)，precious stone(寶石)。
303. You will get to the church more quickly if you take this _____ across the fields.
A. track B. passage C. method D. journey
[答案] A. track.
[注釋] track(=path made by frequent use)意指"(常走而踏成的)小徑"，如:a track across the moor(越過荒野的小徑)。passage"通路"，如:force a passage through a crowd(在人群中擠出的一條通路). 可見此處選passage不妥.
304. A landing on Mars is within the _____ of current physical theory.
A. scheme B. scope C. scrap D. scale
[答案] B . scope.
[注釋] scope 范圍，活動范圍，理解犯圍: 1 Many words are outside the scope of this dictionary. (許多單詞是超出了這本詞典的范圍.) 2 Very hard words are not within the scope of a child's understanding。(非常難懂的 詞是超出了一個孩子的理解范圍.) 3 Economics is beyond the scope of a child's mind.(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是孩子理解不了的.)
305. He was _____ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.
A. scratched B. pricked C. stung D. bitten
[答案] C. stung.
[注釋] sting 刺，蟄，叮。在英語中蜜蜂蟄用 sting ；而蚊子"叮"用 bite， 如: A mosquito just bit me.(狗、蛇，咬)，鈞用 bite ，scratch 搔，prick vt. 扎(穿)，刺(穿).
306. Don't go too far into the sea, children, or the waves will _____ you off your feet.
A. flow B. cut C. press D. sweep
[答案] D. sweep.
[注釋] sweep sb，off sb's feet 由兩層意思，直義為"(浪等)把某人沖倒"， 轉(zhuǎn)義是"使產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的好感，使完全信服"，如: His speech swept them off their feet。(他的演說使他們五體投地.)
307. The store had no more red shoes _____, so Mary chose brown ones instead.
A. in demand B. in store C. in need D. in stock
[答案] D. in stock.
[注釋] in stock(=having sth. ready to sell or use；in present supply) 有 現(xiàn)貨供應(yīng): The shop has suger in stock.(這個商店有白糖供應(yīng).) in demand(=needed；wanted；) 有需求: The book about dogs was much in demand in the library.(=Many people wanted to read the book about dogs that in the library.) in need(=in poverty，in trouble)在貧困中，在困難中: A friend in need is a friend indeed。(A friend who helps when one is in trouble is areal friend.) in store(=saved up in case of need； ready for use for some purpose) 儲備待用:于If the electricity goes off，we have candles in the closet.(=We have candles put away if we need them for light.)(如果電燈滅了，我們壁櫥里還備有蠟燭.)
[注意] in stock 強(qiáng)調(diào)商店備有現(xiàn)貨以供出售，而 in store 則指儲備物品以供急 需使用。此外 in store 還可以表示"等待著，必將發(fā)生"。例如: I have a surprise in store for you.(我有一個你料想不到的消息要告訴你。)
本題譯文: 這家商店沒有紅鞋供應(yīng)，所以瑪麗買了一雙宗色的鞋.
308. Bill is not a fast runner and he doesn't have a chance of winning the marathon, but he will _____ the race even if he finishes last.
A. keep on B. keep to C. stick out D. stick to
[答案] C. stick out.
[注釋] stick out(=keep on doing sth。until it is done，no matter how long，hard，or unpleasant) 堅持下去: Mathematics is hard，but if you stick it out you will understanding it(=Mathematics is hard，but if you keep on working hard at it you will learn it.) 此外，stick on 還可表示 (stand out) 突出: The skyscraper sticks out against the bkue sky.(這幢摩 天大樓映著藍(lán)圖顯得格外突出.)
[注意] stick out與keep to 均有"堅持"的含義。stick out 特指"堅持下功夫 干一件事，不完成決不收兵"；而keep to 則強(qiáng)調(diào)"堅持、遵守、堅守"諾言、 規(guī)則、原則、精神、崗位。可見，keep to 的英文釋義為 ability by；adhere to，stick closely to。例如: keep to one's promise(遵守諾言)；keep to the rules of a game(遵守比賽規(guī)則)；keep to a principle(堅持原則)；keep one's pos(堅守崗位)。因此，我們可以說keep to相當(dāng)于 stick to，而區(qū)別于 stick out.
309. Can you _____ me _____ two hundred copies of this article by tomorrow.
A. give .. out B. send .. in
C. write .. off D. run .. off
[答案] D. run…off.
[注釋] run off(=produce with a printing press or duplicating machine)印刷，復(fù)�。篢he print shop ran off a thousand copies of the newspaper.(=The print shop printed 1000 copies of the newspaper.)
write off報廢，勾銷。參閱Ⅲ.200.注釋。give out分發(fā)，發(fā)出。send in 呈報，遞交，送上: 1 Have you sent in your application?(你是否已遞交了你的申請書?) 2 He sent in two oil paintings for the exhibition.(他送上兩幅油畫參展.)
310. The current political _____ of our country is favorable for foreign investments.
A. climate B. weather C. state D. occasion
[答案] A. climate.
[注釋] climate 指某一地區(qū)的長期氣侯，而weather則指某一天的"天氣"。本題中
的climate(=the general temper or opinion of a group of the people or period of history) 指"某一團(tuán)體歷史時期的總的狀況和民意"。例如: climate of the political unrest 不穩(wěn)定的政治狀況. state(=condition) 狀態(tài)；be in a state of 處于某種狀態(tài). 例如: 1 The room was in a very dirty state. 2 She is in a state of confusion.(她處于慌亂狀態(tài).) 由上可見，climate 最合題意.
本題譯文: 我國目前的政治氣候有利于外國的投資.
311. It was with great delight that I read in your February _____ the letter to the Editor written by Prof. Johnson.
A. issue B. printing C. magazine D. copy
[答案] A. issue.
[注釋] 根據(jù)題意，此處是指某雜志二月份的那一期，故應(yīng)選 issue。printing 印刷；
印刷術(shù)。至于 copy 與 issue 的區(qū)別，copy 指書刊的"本，冊"；而 issue 是指報刊或雜志的"期".
本題譯文: 非常高興地拜讀了貴刊二月的一期中所登載的約翰遜教授致編輯的信.
312. What I'm telling you is strictly _____. Do not let anyone know of it.
A. secretive B. special C. individual D. confidential
[答案] D. confidential.
[注釋] confidential(=spoken or written in secret) 機(jī)密的，應(yīng)保密的:The information is confidential. special 專門的，專用的: a special car(專車).
individual 個別的，單個的。secretive(=fond of keeping secrets) 愛保密的，守口如瓶的.
本題譯文: 我現(xiàn)在告訴你的事是保密的，千萬別讓人知道.
313. The author had qualified as a doctor but later gave up the _____ of medicine for full-time writing.
A. prescription B. procedure C. treatment D. practice
[答案] D. practice.
[注釋] practice(醫(yī)生或律師的)業(yè)務(wù)，生意: 1 The lawer has a very good practice. 2 We call a doctor's work and the number of patients he look after his practice.(我們把醫(yī)生的工作和醫(yī)治病人的數(shù)目稱為開業(yè)狀況.)
prescription 藥方；procedure 程序，手續(xù)；treatment 治療，待遇.
本題譯文: 這位作者當(dāng)過醫(yī)生，但后來放棄開業(yè)，專搞寫作.
314. Julie is one of those women who always _____ the latest fashions.
A. put up with B. come up with C. get on with D. keep up with
[答案] D. keep up with.
[注釋] keep up with 跟上，與……并駕齊驅(qū)；及時了解。put up with 忍受；get on with
有進(jìn)展；生活得……；come up with 提出.
本題譯文: 朱莉是那些總趕時髦的女子之一.
315. Having made his first film earlier this year, he is _____ starting in a new one.
A. currently B. actually C. recently D. lately
[答案] A. currently.
[注釋] currently 目前；actually 實際上；recently 近來；lately(=recently) 近來.
start in(on) 開始(做某事)，常用于口語中，如: 1 Fred started in wedding the garden. (弗雷得開始在花園里除草.) 2 If we start in at once，we shall get the job finished early. (如果我們馬上開始，我們可以早點(diǎn)完成這項工作.)
316. My house is very _____ for getting to work as it is only a few minutes from the station.
A. comfortable B. suitable C. convenient D. available
[答案] C. convenient.
[注釋]convenient 方便的。suitable也可接for，但其詞義和本題不符，故不能選.
317. When college students _____ future employment, they often think of status, income, and prestige.
A. demand B. assume C. apply D. anticipate
[答案] D. anticipate.
[注釋] anticipate 預(yù)料，期望，預(yù)望：The first question is one the John has anticipated. (第
一個問題是約翰已經(jīng)預(yù)料到的.)
318. Alice _____ her father that both she and her husband would be happy if he would live with them.
A. convinced B. reinforced C. pledged D. required
[答案] A. convince
[注釋] convince sb. +that從句意為"使……相信，說服……"。reinforce 加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)。
pledge發(fā)誓，保證.
319. Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to _____ him in his work.
A. hamper B. support C. depress D. prevent
[答案] A. hamper.
[注釋] hamper(=hinder)阻礙。prevent 防止，后接from.
320. She chose cushions of a color which would _____ her carpet.
A. equal B. agree C. help D. match
[答案] D. match.
[注釋] match vt. 匹配；相配: 1 You can't match him in his knowledge of wild
plants.(在野生植物知識方面，你無閥于他相比.) 2 Her hat does match her dress.(她的帽子與她的衣服不配.)
match vi. 相配: These gloves don't match.
321. We finally managed to _____ the committee's approval of our plans.
A. secure B. arouse C. acquire D. exert
[答案] A. secure.
[注釋] secure 與 acquire 鈞有"得到"的含義，但 secure vt. 此處的意思是(=succeed
in getting sth. for which there is a great demand)"獲得(所需之物)".acquire"獲得，求得"，尤其指由于自己的努力，能力，技術(shù)而使原有的東西變得更多，并表示一經(jīng)求得，即成永久的所有物: The boy has acquire a fire knowledge of geography.(這男孩已得到一點(diǎn)地理知識.)可見，根據(jù)題意應(yīng)選secure.
322. I have such a bad cold that I have lost all _____ of smell.
A. degree B. sense C. strength D. scent
[答案] B. sense.
[注釋] sense 意為"(五官的)感覺"，如: People have five senses: sight，hearing，smell，
taste and touch. scent 氣味，香味.
323. She is so _____ that she cried for days when her pet rabbit died.
A. sensitive B. sensible C. imaginative D. impressive
[答案] A. sensitive
[注釋] sensitive敏感的(to),易受傷害的,靈敏的。sensible明智的(of),通情達(dá)理的。imaginative有想象力。impressive的給人留下印象的,感人的。
324. The lorry driver was badly _____ when his lorry crashed into a wall.
A. damaged B. hit C. hurt D. harmed
[答案] C. hurt
[注釋] damage損壞;harm對......有害;hurt(精神上或肉體上)傷害; hit打擊;pain(精神上或肉體上)痛苦。
325. I caught a _____ of the car before it disappeared around the bend.
A. glance B. glimpse C. glare D. gleam
[答案] B. glimpse
[注釋] catch (or get) a glimpse of瞥見(強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的結(jié)果)。take a glance (or look) at看一眼(強(qiáng)調(diào)行為過程本身)。
326. The car salesman took the customer for a driver in the new model in order to _____ its improved features.
A. advocate B. demonstrate C. exhibit D. reveal
[答案] B. demonstrate
[注釋]demonstrate(=show clearly by giving proof or example)(用實例,證據(jù))證明,表演。advocate擁護(hù),提倡。exhibit展覽,陳列。reveal揭示,暴露。
327. The rainbow _____ as the sun came fully out from behind the clouds.
A. dissolved B. removed C. resigned D. disappeared
[答案] D. disappeared
[注釋]disappear消失。dissolve溶解。remove去除。resign辭去,辭職。retire退休。
328. All too _____ it was time to go back to school after the glorious summer holidays.
A. often B. fast C. soon D. late
[答案] C. soon
[注釋]all too實在太......，all too soon意為太快了，帶有惋惜的意味，如：Tom had snatched a short holiday from his work to come here. He said it ended all too soon.（湯姆趁工作之暇匆匆來此渡一短假，他說，假期過得太快了。）
329. Deserts, dry areas with _____ no vegetation, cover more than one-third of the Earth's land surface.
A. surprisingly B. eventually
C. permanently D. virtually
[答案] D. virtually
[注釋]virtually(=almost, very nearly; in every way that is really important)幾乎，事實上，實際上；My book is virtually finished; I have only a few changes to make in the writing.( 我的書幾乎寫完了,我只要在作品中再作一點(diǎn)修改就可以了。)
surprisingly令人驚奇的；eventually最終的；permanently永久的。
330. After dinner the minister made a short _____ to the guests.
A. delivery B. pronunciation C. conversation D. speech
[答案] D. speech
[注釋]make a speech to sb.(向某人做演講)。make conversation with sb.(和某人閑談conversation常與下列動詞搭配:get (enter) into conversation with(和......攀談起來),have a conversation with(與......談話),interrupt (break off) conversation(中斷談話),turn the conversation to other matters(把話題轉(zhuǎn)到其他問題上)delivery常指"(演講等的)說話方式,口才",如: His report was good, but his delivery was poor.( 他的報告內(nèi)容很好,但他的口才太差)。
331. When there's doubt the examiner's decision is _____.
A. right B. final C. definite D. fixed
[答案] B. final.
[注釋]final最終的,不會改變的。definite明確的。fixed固定的,不變的;a fixed income(固定收入)。right正確的。
332. Busy and successful as he was, the novelist was willing to _____ any promising young man and give him all the help he could.
A. take up B. pick up C. make up D. look up
[答案] A. take up.
[注釋]take up把......當(dāng)作被保護(hù)人,關(guān)照,提攜,列如:This athlete was taken up by several Boston universities.(這個運(yùn)動員得到波士頓大學(xué)的關(guān)照。)
pick up參閱III.129,130注釋。
本題譯文：雖然他是一位繁忙又有成就的小說家,但他愿意提攜任何有前途的年輕人并盡力給予幫助。
333. He did not find a job yet because he had no _____ to men who could help him.
A. approach B. application C. access D. approval
[答案] C. access.
[注釋]have access to進(jìn)入的路；能接近，進(jìn)入,了解或使用(不可數(shù)名詞)。列如：1)We had access to his private files.(我們能接觸他的私人檔案。)2)Only a few people have access to the full facts of the ase.(只有幾人能了解案件的全部事實。)3)Only high officials had access to the emperor.(只有高級官員才能接近皇帝。)
approach接近,走近,快到;對待處理(事情的)方式;接近(到達(dá))的路:1)He was warned of the enemy.(已警告他敵人已接近。)2)His book represents a new approach to the difficulty.(他的書代表了處理困難的一種新方法。)3)The approach to the house was a narrow path.(通到這幢房子的路是一條小徑。)
application申請,申請書。approval贊同。根據(jù)題意,此句中不是指身體上的"接近或靠近",而是指"能接觸到"的某人故選access更切題意
334. The old man got into the _____ of storing money under the bed.
A. tradition B. habit C. use D. custom
[答案] B. habit.
[注釋]get into the habit of doing sth.意為"養(yǎng)成了做......的習(xí)慣"。habit指個人的習(xí)慣,而custom則指社會的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。tradition"傳統(tǒng)"。
335. The beauty of the place is more than I can describe. I am sure whoever sees it will _____ its charm.
A. appeal to B. stick to C. keep to D. yield to
[答案] D. yield to.
[注釋]yield to:屈服于;投降讓步(經(jīng)常有比較靈活的譯法)。如:The disease yielded to treatment.(=The disease was cured as the result of treatment.)(這病經(jīng)過治療已減輕或治愈。)
appeal to向......呼吁;stick to(=keep to)堅持。
本題譯文:該地秀麗的景色無法表達(dá)于筆下。我深信,不管是誰看到了它都會折服于它的魅力。
336. Children are likely to get _____ if no one cares about their upbringing.
A. out of hand B. out of order
C. out of place D. out of work
[答案] A. out of hand.
[注釋]get(or be) out of hand是習(xí)語,意為"無法控制,不受約束":This situation appears to be completely out of hand.(看來形勢已完全失去控制。)
out of order有毛病,失靈;out of place不得其所的,不適當(dāng)?shù)?out of work失業(yè)。
本題譯文:如果不關(guān)心孩子的教育,他們很可能會無法控制。
337. When the Greeks had _____ the Persians, a soldier ran from Marathon to Athens.
A. won B. bitten C. beaten D. hit
[答案] C. beaten.
[注釋]beat sb. 打敗某人。beat sb. black and blue(把某人打得鼻青臉腫)。hit,擊,擊中:hit a man on the head(打在人的頭上);hit at sb.(向某人打去)。strike(=hit ,give a blow at blows to)打,擊:strike a man on the chin(打在某人的下巴上)。win贏得,用作此義時,后不能接某人;可以說win a match, a victory, the first prize等。
338. There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldn't _____ falling over it in the darkness.
A. help B. resist C. avoid D. prevent
[答案]C. avoid.
[注釋]avoid 避免(后接動詞或名詞): He tried to avoid answering my questions. can't (couldn't) help doing sth. 禁不住做......不由自主地做......。 can't (couldn't) resist doing sth.禁不住做......: I couldn't resist laughing.
339. Maria is a _____ person and never makes any unreasonable demands.
A. sensitive B. sensible C. obedient D. jealous
[答案]B. sensible
[注釋]sensible 通情達(dá)理的；sensitive敏感的；obedient順從的；jealous 妒忌的，猜疑的，警惕的；
340. Violent programs on television may have a bad _____ on children.
A. affection B. pressure C. influence D. control
[答案]C. influence.
[注釋]have a influence on 對...有影響；
341. The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _____ quality, he'd tell them so.
A. humble B. minor C. inferior D. awkward
[答案]C. inferior.
[注釋]inferior 比較差的；humble謙卑的，恭順的，低下的；awkward 尷尬的，別扭的， 笨手笨腳的；不好用的；minor細(xì)小的：1)This cloth is inferior to that one .（這塊布比那塊質(zhì)量差）2)She feels inferior to her elder sister .（她感到比姐姐差的多。）3)He is of humble birth.（她出身低微。）4)He is very humble towards his
superiors.（ 他對上司低三下四。）5)he felt awkward and uncomfortable.（他感到尷尬不自在）6)He was an awkward carpenter.（他是個笨手笨腳的木匠）7)This is a very awkward question. We must ask that of Hery.（這個問題不好對付，我們必須去問問亨利。
342. If you put too many potatoes in that paper-bag it will _____.
A. fail B. explode C. crack D. burst
[答案]D. burst
[注釋] burst vt./vi.漲破，漲裂。Burst one's clothes（撐破衣服）。
343. One-room schoolhouses can still be found in _____ areas where there are no other schools for many miles.
A. disposed B. deserted C. isolated D. abandoned
[答案]C. isolated
[注釋]isolated 孤立的。Deserted被遺棄的；空無一人的；abandoned丟棄的，如；abandoned cars(因報廢而丟棄的汽車)。Dispose of sth. 處理掉某物：He disposed of his old car .（他把舊的汽車處理掉了。）意為賣掉或扔掉等。
344. I'm afraid you have no _____ but to come along with us.
A. possibility B. permission C. choice D. selection
[答案]C. choice.
[注釋]have no choice but 除了...沒有別的選擇；只能...：I have no choice but to obey.(我只能服從)。
345. I shall never beat John at tennis; we are clearly not in the same _____.
A. set B. band C. group D. class
[答案] D. class.
[注釋]be in the same class 水平相同。此句中class,意為"(高低、優(yōu)劣的)等級；種 類"。
346. As soon as Charles had _____ a little from his surprise, his one thought was to get away.
A. returned B. absorbed C. dissolved D. recovered
[答案] D. recovered.
[注釋]recover from 從......恢復(fù)過來
347. When I arrived in this country, I had to start learning the language from _____.
A. scratch B. scrap C. snatch D. scrape
[答案] A. scratch.
[注釋]start from scratch (=from the beginning, from nothing) 從頭開始，白手起家；John brought the radio from scratch. (=John bought the parts and put them together himself.)
348. The thieves _____ him _____ in the park, took his wallet and escaped.
A. held .. back B. held .. up
C. held .. on D. held .. out
答案] B. held ... up.
[注釋]hold up sb. 攔劫。hold up, hold on, hold out 的用法請參閱III.82,83注釋.
349. Japan has to employ an increasing number of overseas workers because there is no easy solution to its labor _____.
A. decline B. rarity C. vacancy D. shortage
[答案] D. shortage.
[注釋]labour shortage 勞動力短缺。Decline 下降。rarity稀少。vacancy 空缺，未占用.
350. The two dogs started to fight, so we tried to _____ them.
A. split B. separate C. tear D. divide
[答案] B. separate.
[注釋]separate 意指將結(jié)合的東西"分開，拆散"，divide指把整體"分成"幾個部 分，split（沿一條線-）裂開，tear撕開，distinguish"區(qū)分，區(qū)別，辨別"。
351. The rapidly growing birth rate brings about a lot of environment problems, which the government is supposed to take _____.
A. significantly B. severely C. earnestly D. seriously
[答案] D. seriously.
[注釋]take...seriously 是習(xí)慣搭配，意為"重視，認(rèn)真對待"
352. Carl wanted to play a joke on Bob but gave himself _____ by laughing.
A. away B. in C. out D. up
[答案] A. away.
[注釋]give away 暴露，泄露。參閱III.68.注釋。
353. The government is _____ and will take the necessary steps to maintain security and stability.
A. on the alert B. out of control
C. on guard D. in vain
[答案] A. on the alert.
[注釋]on the alert (=alert; watchful; careful) 警惕，小心：Drivers must be on the alert for traffic signals. (=Drivers must be especially careful to see signals when driving a car.) (司機(jī)必須密切注視交通信號。)
out of control 失去控制；on guard站崗；in vain 徒勞，無效。
354. Many people complain of the rapid _____ of modern life.
A. rate B. pace C. speed D. growth
[答案] B. pace.
[注釋]pace 走或跑的速度；發(fā)展或進(jìn)步速度。
355. She has lost her handbag with the _____ sum of $150 in it.
A. extraordinary B. important
C. considerable D. valuable
[答案] C.considerable.
[注釋]considerable 相當(dāng)可觀的。[注意]considerate考慮周到的，體諒的，體貼的：1）She is considerate to others. (她能體諒別人。)2）That was very considerate of you.（你真體諒別人。）
356. Russia's withdrawal of its experts from China did not strangle (壓垮) the Chinese people; _____ it stirred up their enthusiasm for greater exertions.
A. on the other hand B. on the contrary
C. to the contrary D. in consequence
[答案] B. on the contrary.
[注釋]on the contrary相反地：--Have you nearly done?--On the contrary, I have only just begun. Monday unless you write me to the contrary. (我星期一將來，除非你寫信告訴我有相反地情況。)
357. As he had no friends and relatives in the town, the traveler tried to find a _____ somewhere.
A. log B. lodge C. landing D. lodging
[答案] D. lodging.
[注釋]log 圓木,lodge門房，傳達(dá)室,lodging住所,landing登陸；降落。
358. Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always _____ her place.
A. loosing B. missing C. losing D. looking for
[答案] C. Losing.
[注釋]lose one's place意為讀書時"找不到讀到哪兒"。類似的習(xí)語有：lose heart(灰心，泄氣),lose one's heart to sb. (愛上某人),lose one's head(驚慌失措),lose one's hold on(or over)(失去對......的控制),lose one's temper(發(fā)脾氣),lose one's tongue (緊張得不知說什么好)，lose one's way (迷路),lose sight of(看不見了),lose one's never(失去勇氣)。
359. The manager said that they had an _____ plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.
A. alternate B. alternative C. absolute D. appreciable
答案] B. alternative.
[注釋]alternative 可提供選擇的，兩者挑一的：alternate交替的：1)There was no alternative route open to her. (在她面前沒有另外可供選擇的路線。)2)French and English are not alternative courses; but may be taken in the same year.(語法和英語并不是交替開設(shè)的課程；而可以在同一年里選修。)
360. Jim isn't _____, but he did badly in the final exams last semester.
A. gloomy B. dull C. awkward D. tedious
[答案] B. dull.
[注釋]dull (=slow in understanding) 遲鈍的。
361. At first Bob was puzzled by Virginia s waving, but then it _____ his mind that she was trying to tell him something.
A. crossed B. passed C. occurred D. opened
[答案] A. crossed.
[注釋]cross one's mind 想起：1)A sudden thought crossed my mind. 2)It never crossed my mind that he might refuse the request. (我從來沒有想到他可能會拒絕這個請求。)
如用pass則應(yīng)加through, 例如：When Jane did not come home by midnight, many terrible fears passed through Mother's mind. (=Mother thought of many things that might have happened to Jane.)
occur的用法如下：1）That view of the case did not occur to me before. (對這個案件的那種看法以前我沒有想到過。)2）It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.(她想到，她可以收養(yǎng)一個無家可歸的孩子。)
關(guān)于"想起"的以上三種表達(dá)法考生務(wù)必弄懂熟記。這些詞組和句形不僅在詞匯測試中經(jīng)常遇到，而且在短文寫作時也可以使用。
本題譯文：起初鮑玻對弗吉尼亞的揮手致意感到迷惑，但后來他想到，她想告訴他某事。
362. His job at the hospital did not pay much, so he found another _____.
A. on the rise B. on the spot
C. on the decline D. on the side
[答案] D. on the side.
[注釋]on the side(=in addition to a main thing) 額外；作為兼職：1）He ordered a hamburger with onions and French fries on the side. (=He ordered a hamburger with onions and French fries extra.) 2)He does some house-keeping work on the side.(他幫人家做些家務(wù)活作為兼職。)
on the rise(作表語)在上升；on the spot 現(xiàn)場；on the decline (做表語)在下降：The population in the country is on the decline. (這個國家的人口在下降。)
363. The filling station _____ because there were too many others on the street.
A. fell through B. went under
C. fell out D. went through
[答案] B. went under.
[注釋]go under 破產(chǎn)，失敗。fall through 也有"失敗"之意，但多半指計劃、想法等"落空"。
本題譯文：這個加油站破產(chǎn)了，因為在這條街上加油站太多了。
364. Air and the sun's rays create much distortion, and whatever tends to _____ their influence is useful to the astronomer.
A. exclude B. eliminate C. extinguish D. impose
[答案] A. exclude.
[注釋]exclude 排除。extinguish撲滅；eliminate消除。
impose 把......強(qiáng)加給：Don't impose your wishes on us.(不要把你的意思強(qiáng)加給我們。)
365. The lady who had invited us heard me telling my wife that the dinner was terrible so I was _____.
A. confused B. nervous C. shameful D. embarrassed
[答案] D. embarrassed.
[注釋]be embarrassed 感到窘迫。
366. Animals should not be locked in cages; they should be in their normal _____.
A. environment B. position C. residence D. dwelling
[答案] A. environment.
[注釋]environment(=surroundings, circumstances)環(huán)境，environment作集合名詞用時，只用單數(shù)形式：We should work hard to improve our environment. (單詞，不可數(shù))Children need a happy home environment. (單數(shù)，可數(shù))
367. I'm sorry but what he thinks is not of the _____ importance to me.
A. merest B. lowest C. last D. least
[答案] D. least.
[注釋]least 是little的最高級形式。
368. He offered to _____ her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry.
A. lend B. help C. show D. loan
[答案] A. lend.
[注釋]lend sb. a hand給某人幫個忙。
369. I have been looking for this book for months, and _____ I have found it.
A. at least B. in no time C. at last D. at present
[答案] C. at last.
[注釋]at last (=in the end)最終；at least至少；in no time 立即，馬上；at present 目前。
370. It was the largest experiment we had ever had; it _____ six hours.
A. ended B. finished C. prolonged D. lasted
[答案] D. lasted.
[注釋]last vi. (for) 持續(xù)。
371. The _____ stuck on the outside of the envelope said "By Air".
A. label B. ticket C. signal D. sign
[答案] A. label.
[注釋]label 標(biāo)簽，標(biāo)記。signal信號. sign記號；指示牌：traffic signs (交通版示)。notice布告。
372. Psychological studies show that some people are quick-tempered _____.
A. at heart B. on purpose C. in person D. by nature
[答案] D. by nature.
[注釋]by nature 天生，生來。in person 1）親自，親身：I shall be present at the meeting in person.(我將親自出席會議。)2）身體上，外貌上：In person he was handsome, strong and healthy.(他面目清秀，體格強(qiáng)壯。)
at heart 1)內(nèi)心里，實質(zhì)上：His manners are cold, but he is at heart a kind man. (他的言談舉止有些冷淡，但實際上他是一個好心腸的人。)2）考慮的是......：When I say don't eat sweets, I have your health at heart.(我叫你別吃果糖，是考慮到你的健康。)on purpose 故意地。
373. She was putting on her watch when the _____ broke and it fell to the ground.
A. belt B. strap C. tie D. string
[答案] B. strap.
[注釋]strap(表，手提包的)帶。belt繃帶，seatbelt(系于飛機(jī)座位上的)安全帶。tie領(lǐng)帶，string細(xì)繩子。
374. Feudal landlords, and imperialists are in no way more _____ than wolves.
A. reasonable B. regardless C. ridiculous D. rational
[答案] D. rational.
[注釋]rational 有理性的。
本題譯文：封建地主和帝國主義者并不比豺狼更有理性。
375. His name was on the _____ of my tongue, but I just couldn't recall it.
A. end B. point C. edge D. tip
[答案] D. tip.
[注釋]be on (or at) the tip of one's tongue 就在嘴邊，差點(diǎn)被想起，如：The answer was
on the tip of my tongue, but I could't think of it.(我差點(diǎn)就想起那答案來，可就是想不起來。) be on the point of 正要（去做某事）：I was just on the point of going when you came in.
376. The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed (定量供應(yīng)).
A. inadequate B. rare C. lacked D. scarce
[答案] D. scarce.
[注釋]本題譯文：汽油供不應(yīng)求，因此必須定量配給。
Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不應(yīng)求的。Inadequate不適應(yīng)的，不充分的。lack vt./vi. (=be without ; not have; have less than enough of) 缺乏；沒有；缺少，例如：1）He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏堅定性。)2)Money is lacking for the plan.(此計劃尚缺錢。)3)He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇氣。)be lacking in 常指缺乏某種品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等。lack作及物動詞時，一般不用被動語態(tài)，故不能選C. lacked.4)They lacked for nothing.(他們什么也不缺。)有人認(rèn)為，lack for是美國英語。
377. How did it _____ that the two men arrived to address the same meeting at the same time.
A. fall out B. take place C. get around D. come through
[答案] A. fall out.
[注釋]fall out 1)吵架，鬧翻。參閱III.45,52 2)結(jié)果是。參III.50注釋。本題中fall out意為happen, come about(發(fā)生),例如：As it fell out, they were able to sell their old car.(=They didn't know if they could sell their old car, but at last they did sell it.)
本題中it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句。一般來說，不宜用take place作主語謂語，故不能入選。
本題譯文：事情結(jié)果怎么會這樣：這兩個人來在同一時間同一會議上作演講？
378. He looked incredulous(不輕信的) on hearing the news. He seemed to think it _____.
A. incompatible B. incredible C. inclusive D. indifferent
[答案] B. incredible.
[注釋]incredible (=that cannot be believed; difficult to believe) 不可相信的，難以置信的：His story of rescuing six drowning men was incredible. (他搶救6個溺水人的事情是難以置信的。) incompatible(with)不相容的。inclusive包括的，包含的。indifferent 冷淡的，不關(guān)心的。
379. In my opinion, your work does not _____ what I expected of you.
A. catch up with B. add up to C. come up to D. go in for
[答案] C. come up to.
[注釋]come up to 達(dá)到，符合：1)He tries his best to come up to the expectations of the people.(他努力達(dá)到人民對他的期望。)2)This piece of work does not come up to the
required standard.(這件工作沒有達(dá)到需要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)catch up with 趕上；add up to總計；go in for 從事，致力于，追求，沉溺于。
380. I broke my relationship with John because he always found _____ with me.
A. error B. mistake C. fault D. failure
[答案] C. fault.
[注釋]find fault with 挑剔，找......的岔子。例如：1)She tries to please him, but he always finds fault. (=He finds something wrong with everything she does.) 2)They found fault with every box I made. (=They found something wrong or something they did not like in every box I made.)
381. Though he did not say so directly, the inspector _____ the man was guilty.
A. declared B. implied C. disclosed D. said
[答案] B. implied.
[注釋]imply 暗示，含有......的意思：Silence sometimes implies consent.(沉默有時暗示同意。)
382. At first it seemed that the building would be all right but later it was found to need _____.
A. installations B. modifications
C. innovations D. illustrations
[答案] B. modifications.
[注釋]modification 更改，修改；installation 安裝，裝置；設(shè)備；innovation革命；
illustration說明，例證，圖解。按題意modifications最為切題。
383. We can only give you the _____ number of refugees crossing the border at the moment.
A. obscure B. approximate C. impartial D. imaginary
[答案] B. approximate.
[注釋]approximate 近似的，大約的；obscure模糊的；impartial公正的，不偏的；imaginary假想的。
384. Magnificent views over the countryside have often _____ people to write poems.
A. convinced B. inspired C. induced D. attracted
[答案] B. inspired.
[注釋]inspire 鼓勵，激勵，產(chǎn)生：1)His speech inspired us to try again. 2)He inspired confidence in me.(他使我產(chǎn)生信心。)3)The good news inspired us with hope. (這個好消息使我們產(chǎn)生希望。)
385. There are several landladies approved by the universities who take in _____.
A. lodgers B. residents C. inhabitants D. settlers
[答案] A. lodgers.
[注釋]lodger客房；resident居民(對游客而言);local residents(當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?,temporary residents(臨時居民)；inhabitant(=person living in a place)居民；a small town of 5,000 inhabitants(有5,000居民的小鎮(zhèn))；settler殖民者，移居者；White settlers in Kenya(在肯尼亞僑居的白人)；immigrant移民。
本題譯文：有幾位房東太太是這些大學(xué)批準(zhǔn)她們接納房客的。
386. He is the rudest man I have ever met. Jane, his present secretary, is the only person who can _____ him.
A. respect B. stand C. support D. dislike
[答案] B. stand.
[注釋]stand (=endure, bear, put up with)忍耐，忍受；1)I can't stand that woman. 2)He cannot stand criticism.
387. The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident _____ two lorries.
A. containing B. connecting C. involving D. including
[答案] C. involving.
[注釋]involve 涉及到。例如：1)This problem involves us all. (這個問題涉及到我們大家。)2)His work involves occasional journeys. (他的工作使他不得不時常旅行。)3) To accept the appointment would involve living in London. (接受這項任命將不得不住在倫敦。)4)John was involved in the trouble. (約翰已陷入困境。)contain 包含，裝有；connect 連接，include 包括。
本題譯文：今天在涉及兩輛卡車的交通事故發(fā)生后，穿過Littlebury的大陸堵塞了3個小時。
388. Jane read the article over ten minutes but continued to feel the event related were _____.
A. inheritable B. incredible C. infeasible D. inaccessible
[答案] B. incredible. [注釋]incredible 難以置信的；inheritable可繼承的；infeasible不切實際的; inaccessible不可到達(dá)的(to)。
389. In some cities it is very difficult to have a telephone _____ , and people have to wait a long time before they can get a phone.
A. assembled B. installed C. equipped D. repaired
[答案] B. installed. [注釋]install 安裝；assemble(=put together) 裝配；equip裝備；repaire修理。
390. _____ up children properly is mainly their parents' duty.
A. Growing B. Rearing C. Bringing D. Raising
[答案] C. bringing.
[注釋]bring up 教育，教養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)大；1)The child is badly brought up. 2) I was brought
up to be honest. 參看III.17注釋。grow up 成長，長大；發(fā)展，形成；1)I grew up on a farm. (我在農(nóng)莊長大。)2)The custom of going away for one's holiday has grown up during the last thirty years. (外出度假的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣是最近30年形成的。)rear培養(yǎng)，撫育；rear children.
raise[美國英語]養(yǎng)大；Where was he raised? (他在哪里長大的？) raise還有"飼養(yǎng)"的含義。
[注意]rear 和raise后不能接up,故本題不能選用rearing 或 raising.
391. When the teacher told the boy to sit down, he _____ to her and said she couldn't make him.
A. gave way B. talked back C. looked up D. got down
[答案] B. talk back.
[注釋]talk back 頂嘴；1)Don't talk back to me! (別對我頂嘴！)2)Mary talked back when her mother told her to stop watching television; she said, "I don't have to if I don't want to."
give way 讓路；look up查閱；get down從......下來；記下。
392. People _____ with anyone who is always talking about how wonderful he is.
A. fall in B. get fed up C. keep company D. catch up
[答案] B. get fed up.
[注釋]get (be) fed up with (=having had too much of something; at the end of your patience; disgusted; bored; tired)討厭；I have had enough of his complaints. I'm fed up. (=I have heard all of the complaints I can stand.)
fall in with 符合，與......一致。參閱III.51注釋。Keep company with 與......交往，結(jié)伴；catch up with 趕上。
393. Margaret liked all her classes, but she liked sewing class _____.
A. above all B. in general C. after all D. in particular
[答案] D. in particular.
[注釋]in particular (=especially, particularly) 特別是：1) You should avoid eating fat meat, in particular pork. (你應(yīng)該避免吃脂肪多的肉類，特別是豬肉。2)The speaker talked about sports in general and about football in particular.
In general 是in particular 的反義結(jié)構(gòu)，從上述例2)中可以看到。about all最重要的；after all畢竟。
394. Walking down the street, she noticed a long _____ of houses, all exactly alike.
A. queue B. rank C. train D. row
[答案] D. row.
[注釋]a row of houses (desks, books etc.) 一排房子(書桌、書等)，戲院的"一排座位"即為a row of seats. queue (乘車，購物的)隊，隊伍。Rank(軍隊隊列中的)排、橫列。train指"（行進(jìn)中的）長列，隊列"；a long train of visitors(一長列參觀者)。
395. The president has told his friends that he is sick but will not admit it _____.
A. in private B. in secret C. in public D. in detail
[答案] C. in public.
[注釋]in public 公開地，當(dāng)眾；in private 私下；in secret秘密地; in detail 詳細(xì)地。
396. The sailor _____ time to visit his family before the ship went to sea.
A. put in for B. got round to C. ask after D. hold on to
[答案] A. put in for.
[注釋]put in for(=make an application or request) 提出申請或請求；May I put in for five days' leave?( 我可以請5天假嗎？)
get round to (doing sth.) 找到時間作某事；ask after 詢問，問候；hold on to 堅持(接to 加名詞)。
397. Throughout most of their lives, humans _____ learn and increase their mental capacity.
A. actually B. readily C. fairly D. primarily
[答案] B. readily
[注釋]readily (=with no difficulty)容易地；They can readily be bought anywhere. (這些 東西在任何地方都能容易地買到。)
actually 實際上；fairly 公平地；相當(dāng)，劃算；primarily主要地，首先；根本上。
398. Through exposure to air, water, and organic matter, rocks _____ changes known as weathering.
A. undergo B. transform C. undertake D. suspend
[答案] A. undergo.
[注釋]undergo (=experience esp. suffering or difficulty) 經(jīng)受：1)She underwent a thorough examination at the hospital. (她在醫(yī)院接受了全面的檢查。)2)The travelers underwent many difficulties. (這些旅行者經(jīng)受了許多困難。)
undertake (=take up a [position]; start on [work]) 從事，負(fù)責(zé)（某事）：1)He undertook the responsibility for changes. (他負(fù)責(zé)對各種變化作出安排。)2)At first we could only undertake repair jobs.(起初我們只能干修理活。)3)We shall undertake the construction of this bridge. (我們將負(fù)責(zé)這座橋的修建工作。)
transform 改變；suspend吊，懸掛；推遲，暫定。
本題譯文：由于暴露于空氣、水和有機(jī)物，巖石經(jīng)受了稱之為風(fēng)化的變化。
399. She tried to _____ out of the window to see the procession more clearly.
A. bend B. lean C. bow D. slope
[答案] B. lean.
[注釋]lean vi. 倚，靠；lean out of the window(倚著窗戶探出身去)，lean against a tree(背倚靠著樹)，lean back in a chair (坐在椅子上背向后傾)，lean on a desk(靠在桌上)，指胸對桌子。
400. The problem had become _____ in his mind, and he could not decide what to do about it.
A. simplified B. exaggerated C. matured D. isolated
[答案] B. exaggerated.
[注釋]exaggerate(=say or believe more than the truth about sth.)夸張，夸大：It was a rabbit, not a lion. You are exaggerating as usual. (這是一只兔子，不是獅子。你經(jīng)�？浯笫聦崱�)
simplify 簡化；mature使成熟；isolate使孤立。
本題譯文：這個問題在他頭腦里夸大了，因此他無法決定該怎么辦。
八．英語中的易混詞,詞組辨析
1. must和have to
這兩個詞均表示"必須"，must常偏重主觀意志，而have to偏重客觀需要。must一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和將來時態(tài)，而have to則有更多的時態(tài)。例如：
We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我們每天必須六點(diǎn)鐘起床。
It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 沒有時間了，我們必須快點(diǎn)起床。
We must follow the Party forever. 我們必須永遠(yuǎn)跟著黨走。
He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他說他第二天得和她一道去。
2．a(chǎn)lmost 和nearly
這兩個詞意思均為"幾乎"、"差不多"。但從程度的角度上說almost更接近些，感情色彩也更濃。在與表示否定意義的詞never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none連用時，要用almost，不能用nearly。但可以說not nearly，而不能說not almost。例如：
It's nearly time . 時間快到了。
It's almost time. 時間馬上就到了。
Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday.
幾乎沒有人知道昨天發(fā)生在街上的那起交通事故。
3 . the number of 和 a number of
the number of 意為"……數(shù)目"，用單數(shù)謂語動詞。a number of 意為"許多的"、"一些"，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。例如：
A number of students visited the factory last month. 上個月許多學(xué)生參觀了那個工廠。
The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校學(xué)生的人數(shù)是三千多。
4. go to sleep 和 go to bed
go to sleep 意為"入睡"，指睡著了，表示狀態(tài)。go to bed 意為"去睡覺"，指上床去睡覺，表示動作。例如：
We usually go to bed at eleven. 我們通常十一點(diǎn)上床睡覺。
I found that he had gone to sleep. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)睡著了。
5. receive 與 accept
receive（vt.）意為"接受"，沒有主觀色彩，指收到了送來的東西。accept（vt.）意為"接受"，指樂意接受，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望。例如：
She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.
她收到了他的禮物，但她拒絕接受。
I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天，我收到了一封來自美國的信。
I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建議。
6. at the end of 和 in the end
at the end of 意為"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意為"最后"、"最終"是finally和at last的同義詞。例如：
After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十個月以后，他最終完成了工作。
There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的盡頭有一家商店。
7 well和good
兩詞均譯為"好"。當(dāng)兩詞都為形容詞時，good常用作定語。如用作表語時，后面常與介詞for連用。well為形容詞時， 多用作表語，指身體好。也可用作定語。例如：
Spring is a good season. 春天是個好季節(jié)。
Milk is good for children. 牛奶對兒童有益。
When I saw him, he looked well. 我見到他時，他顯得很健康。
He is not a well man. 他不是一個健康的人。
well還為副詞，而good的副詞也是well。例如：
He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作業(yè)完成得很好。
8. sleep和asleep
sleep(v.) 動詞"睡覺"。asleep(adj.)形容詞"睡著的"、"沉睡的"，只用作表語，表示某人睡著了。也常置于名詞后，作補(bǔ)語。例如：
The baby sleeps well. 這個嬰兒睡得很熟。
Mother is asleep in the next room. 媽媽在隔壁房里睡著了。
asleep也常與fall連用。例如：
he has fallen asleep. 他已經(jīng)睡熟了。
9. have been to 和 has gone to
have been to… "曾到過……"指曾到過某地，說話時人已經(jīng)回來。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了，說話時，人已不在這里了。例如：
I have been to Japan. 我曾到過日本。
You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你見不到他了， 他已經(jīng)去天津了。
10. sometimes、sometime和some time
sometimes（adv.）意為"有時"、"不時"是頻度副詞，用作狀語。sometime（adv.）意為"某時"、"日后"，副詞，用作狀語。some time意為"一些時候"，副詞短語，用作狀語（也可用作名詞性短語）。例如：
I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些時候了。
I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周，我會來看你的 。
Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有時起得早，有時起得晚。
11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner
三個詞均為"在……角"。in the corner 為"在……角里"；on the corner為"在……角上""在……拐角上"； at the corner為"在……角邊"。下圖可表示三個詞的區(qū)別：
in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner
例如：The bank is on (at) the corner. 銀行就在拐角上。
In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.
在辦公室的角落有一張桌子，在桌角上放著一個口袋。
corner作"拐角"解，與之搭配的介詞，美國英語多用on，英國英語通常用at；corner作角(即180o以內(nèi)的角)解時與之搭配的介詞用in，在……內(nèi)部的"角"，習(xí)慣上用in the corner of….
例如：誤：The girl sat at the corner in the classroom
正：The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.
那個女孩子坐在教室的角落里。
訓(xùn)練1、Don't sit the corner of the table.
A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)
2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.
A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)
3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.
A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)
4.The house stands ____ the corner.
A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)
典型錯誤例析
1. 承蒙相助，不勝感激。
誤：That's very kind to you to help me.
正：That's very kind of you to help me.
析：在得到對方幫助、善待時， 你要表示自己的感激之情，常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意為"（某人）對（某人）好"。
2．我想盡可能早點(diǎn)見到他。
誤：I would like seeing him as soon as possible.
正：I would like to see him as soon as possible.
析：would like ='d like, 用來表示"想要、希望、愿意"，后跟動詞不定式，不跟動名詞。
3．我對他的漢語有些擔(dān)憂。
誤：I'm worried for his Chinese.
正：I'm worried about his Chinese.
析："對……擔(dān)憂"應(yīng)用 be worried about 。
4．兩個月太長了。
誤：Two months are quite a long time.
正：Two months is quite a long time.
析：表示重量、時間、長度、價值等的名詞作主語，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但仍作為一個整體看待，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：
Ten dollars is enough. 十美元夠了。
5．全家人打算在那兒呆兩個月。
誤：The whole family are going there for two months.
正：The whole family is going there for two months.
析：在這里family指整個家庭，所以動詞用單數(shù)形式。試比較：My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。（這里指家庭成員，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)）
6．我看見他們正在踢足球。
誤：I saw them play football.
正：I saw them playing football.
析：在see、hear、watch等動詞后，既可接不帶to 的動詞不定式，又可帶現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但它們所表示的意義不同。用不定式時說明動作發(fā)生了，即動作的全部過程結(jié)束了。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在發(fā)生，即處于發(fā)生的過程中，還沒有結(jié)束。
7．我對科學(xué)感興趣。
誤：I'm interesting in science.
正：I'm interested in science.
析：interesting "令人感興趣的"，可用作標(biāo)語，其主語是物，也可以用作定語，修飾人或物。interested"感興趣的"，常用于be(become) interested的結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是人。
8．她沒乘車去，而是步行的。
誤：She went there on foot instead by bus.
正：She went there on foot instead of by bus.
正：She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.
析：instead"代替"，表示前面的事情沒有做，而是做了后面的事，一般位于句首或句尾，但不能位于句中，且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那個句子一般是肯定形式，前面的那個句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意義，后可接一個并列成分。
9．那個男孩有那么多奇怪的問題。
誤：The boy had such many strange questions.
正：The boy had so many strange questions.
析：表示"這樣（那樣）多"，可用so many（用于復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞）或so much（用不可數(shù)名詞）。它們是固定搭配，so 不能用such代替。
10．請讓他把音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)兒。
誤：Ask him to turn off it, please.
正：Ask him to turn it down, please.
析：表示通過使用開關(guān)或調(diào)節(jié)器，將電器或類似用品（收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)等）的聲音、亮度等調(diào)低、關(guān)小，用turn down, 其中down是副詞，若是代詞作賓語時，則要把代詞放在turn和down之間。
11．下周我將乘飛機(jī)去上海。
誤：I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.
正：I'll fly to Shanghai next week.
正：I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.
析：fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再與by air 連用，以免重復(fù)。
12．我每周看一次電影。
誤：I go to the cinema once every week.
正：I go to the cinema once a week.
析：表示在一段時間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)一定的次數(shù)，用"次數(shù)+一段時間"這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周（月、年）兩次。
13．包里裝滿了書。
誤：The bag is full with books.
正：The bag is full of books.
正：The bag is filled with books.
析：be full of =be filled with, 意為"某容器裝滿了某物"，其主語多為容器。
14．我們每個人都有一本詞典。
誤：Each we have a dictionary.
正：We have a dictionary each.
正：Each of us has a dictionary.
析：each可用作同位語，放在主語、助動詞、連系動詞之后或句末，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。each of 可和人稱代詞的賓格連用，謂語用單數(shù)形式。
15．手術(shù)持續(xù)了五個小時。
誤：The operation kept five hours.
正：The operation lasted for five hours.
析：動詞last可用來表示某事物持續(xù)存在下去，也可用于下列情況：某物的數(shù)量達(dá)到在需要的一段時間內(nèi)夠用，即可說那樣?xùn)|西持續(xù)（多長時間）。而keep為"保存、保持"之意，與題意不符。
16．你知道他們的飛機(jī)什么時候離開北京嗎？
誤：Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?
正：Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?
析：賓語從句不論其原來結(jié)構(gòu)如何，都使用陳述句語序，即：不顛倒主謂語，也不另加助動詞。
17．昆明的天氣比蘭州的好。
誤：The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.
正：The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.
析：在比較句型中，比較的內(nèi)容應(yīng)前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天氣"與"蘭州的天氣"比較，而不是與"蘭州"這個地名相比較。
18．他告訴我們太陽是圓的。
誤：He told us that the sun was round.
正：He told us that the sun is round.
析：在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句是一般過去時，從句可根據(jù)需要選用過去的某種時態(tài),但從句若陳述的真理性、普遍性的事情等時，則常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
19．沒有消息就是好消息。
誤：No news are good news.
正：No news is good news.
析：news盡管看上去是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但常用作不可數(shù)名詞，后面的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。
20．那臺電視機(jī)現(xiàn)在立在我們起居室的角落里。
誤：That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.
正：That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.
析："在室內(nèi)角落處"應(yīng)說in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在（街、墻）的拐角處"。
21． 他正在忙著做家務(wù)。
誤：He is busy to do his housework.
正：He is busy doing his housework.
正：He is busy with his housework.
析：be busy doing 表示"忙于做……"，doing不能改為to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……"，但后面只能接名詞，不能接動詞的"-ing"形式。
22．我不得不告訴你這件事，對嗎？
誤：I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?
正：I had to tell you about it, didn't I
析：have to 意為"不得不"，其疑問句式的構(gòu)成不能用have，而要根據(jù)不同的人稱和世態(tài)，選用助動詞do 、does 或did。
★特別提醒:
含有動詞意義的介詞
在英語中，有一些介詞表示的卻是動詞的含義，主要有：
1.at : 在與表達(dá)感情的形容軋連用時， 可代替"聽""看"等動詞， 如：
She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她聽到這個壞消息時， 大吃一驚。
2.to : 在與go, come , invite等動詞連用時， 可代替 "參加""出席" 等動詞， 如：
Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去開會去了。
3.for;在與go, come , return等動詞連用時， 可代替后面表明 "目的" 動詞， 如：
What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他來干什么？他來取錢包。
4.for : 在與start, leave, set等表示離開,啟程等動詞連用時， 相當(dāng)于漢語的 "走""到""往" 等意思，如：
They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五時， 他們出發(fā)去上海。
5.有些介詞短語作唄系動詞的表語， 有動詞含義， 如：What is he at ? 他在干什么？
6.有些介詞短語可代替動詞不定式短語，作定語，自然會有動詞意義， 如：
It's time for breakfast.現(xiàn)在是早餐的時間了. 該吃早飯了。
7.with，在類似下列的句子中， 意為use,如：
He often writes with my pen他時常以我的鋼筆寫. 他常有我的鋼筆寫字。
8.by與表示交通工具的單詞連用， 相當(dāng)于漢語的 "坐""乘" 等意思， 如：
Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火車去工作? 你們打算乘飛機(jī)還是坐火車去旅行？
但是不能說這些介詞就等于這些動詞， 更不能用它們充當(dāng)謂語動詞。
九. 情態(tài)動詞
1 情態(tài)動詞的特點(diǎn):
1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。2. 有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式的變化:
e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
2 情態(tài)動詞的否定式: 情態(tài)動詞+ not +動詞原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
3 情態(tài)動詞的用法及相互區(qū)別, 是考試的內(nèi)容之一。
1. can , be able to be able to 表示經(jīng)過努力后, 能夠做到; be able to 有多種形式的變化。can 1). 表示體力或腦力方面的能力; 2). 表示允許、可能性。could 是can的過去式, 表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑問句表示委婉地提出問題。
1). The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. (NMET 97 )
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2). She asked if she could keep the book for another two days.
3). -Will you stay for lunch?
-Sorry, __ . My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)
A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't
2.may 表示詢問或說明一件事可不可做 ; 表示某事有可能發(fā)生。 might 是may的過去式; 用在疑問中比may委婉、客氣。
1). -May I take this book out of the reading-room?
-No, you mustn't. ( Yes, you may.)
2). -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.
3. must 1). 表示必須要做的事: 必須
2). 表示很有把握的推斷: 一定, 準(zhǔn)是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必須, 不得不。過去式: had to
3). -Must I get to the station before three o'clock?
-Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't. )
4). I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.
5). She must be in the classroom now.
6). Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not
4. shall
1). - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn't .
-Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please don't.)
2). You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.
3). Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.
4). Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
A. does he B. doesn't he C. will he D. isn't he
5). It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ____ ?
A. won't we B. will we C. don't we D. shall we
2). 用于二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的 命令、警告、允諾等概念。
5. should 應(yīng)該 ; 應(yīng)當(dāng)
1). You should listen to the doctor's advice.
2). You should study the article carefully.
6. will, would
1). 在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐枴Ｓ脀ould語氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)。
2). will 表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài);would 表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài)。
3). will 用于各種人稱, 表示 意志、意愿、決心、允諾; would 表示過去時間的 意志、意愿、......。
(1). Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you ?
A. do you B. will you C. can you D. coud you
-Will you come with me ? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)
(2). -Would you tell us something about yourself ? -Yes, I will.
(3). - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.
- _____ .
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
7. ought to 應(yīng)該; 應(yīng)當(dāng)
1). You oughtn't to smoke too much.
2). She ____ for what she has done.
A. ought to praise B. ought be praised
C. ought to have praised D. ought to be praised
8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come
1). He dare not tell the truth. 2). He doesn't dare to come out at night.
3). I don't know whether he ____ try.
A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed
9. need 1). 作為情態(tài)動詞:必須 2). 作為實義動詞: 需要
A.主語是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)
B. 主語是事物 need ( doing; to be done)
1). -Do they need to take any books with them?
-No, they don't need to.
2). -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we needn't.
3). This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4).There is no need for him to come.
4). -Shall I tell John about it ?
- No, you ___ . I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
5). It's a fine day. You ____ take a raincoat with you.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
2 情態(tài)動詞 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考試要點(diǎn)
1. can(could) + have + 過去分詞
2. can't (couldn't) + have + 過去分詞 3. must + have + 過去分詞
4. may (might) + have + 過去分詞 5. needn't + have + 過去分詞
6. should (ought to) + have + 過去分詞
7. shouldn't (oughtn't to) + have + 過去分詞
1). Can (Could) they have completed their work so soon?
2). She can't (couldn't) have make a mistake.
3). Since the ditch is full of water , it ____ (rain) last night.
4). He said that she might have misunderstood him.
練習(xí).情態(tài)動詞
1. She passed me in the street without speaking, she ____ me.
A. can't see B. can't have seen
C. shouldn't have seen D. shouldn't see
2. -They were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It ___ a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be
C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been
3. He ____ you more help even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
4. She quickened her pace in order that she ____ with the others.
A. may catch up B. might catch up
C. could have caught up D. might have caught up
5. There was plenty of time, she ____ .
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
6. I didn't hear the phone, I ____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
7. He was a good runner so he ____ escape from the police.
A. might B. succeeded C. would D. was able to
8. We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
9. The young man has made so much noise that he ____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
10. A solider got him out of danger. He ____ hurt.
A. may not B. can have got C. might have got D. might get
11. -Could I use your pen? -Yes, of course you ____ .
A. must B. could C. can D. might
12. Johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you __ hurt yourself.
won't; can't B. mustn't ; may
C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; shouldn't
13. Sir, you ___ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for this woman and children only.
A. oughtn't to B. can't C. won't D. needn't
14. I ____ tell her the truth.
A. cannot help B. can't but C. may not help D. could but
15. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's why I ____ wait until the rain stops.
A. must B. should C. ought to D. have to
16. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver ____ .
A. may hurt B. may be hurting C. may have been hurt D. may be hurt
17. A dog ran in front of my mother's car and she ____ stop very quickly.
A. ought to B. had better C. must D. had to
18. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York .
-Oh , did you ? You ____ with Barbara .
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
19. The plant is dead . I ___ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given
C. must give D. should have given
20. A computer ___ think for itself ; it must be told what to do.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. might not
21. It's nearly seven o' clock. Jack ___ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
22. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
23. -Alice, you feed the bird today, ____ ?
-But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you
24. -Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? - ____ .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could
C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on
25. I was really anxious about you . You ____home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
1-5 BDABD 6-10 BDCDC 11-15 CBABD 16-20 CDADA 21-25 CAACB
十. It 句型歸納
1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的形容詞有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，
important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting，
interesting， surprising等。如：
It is necessary to change your job．
It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in
the snow．
2． It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的名詞有： pity, shame, pleasure, one's duty, one's
job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：
It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful
play．
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats
for the old．
3． It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
此句型中的形容詞主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于該句型的形容詞有：
kind, nice, wise,
silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：
How silly it was of you to give up such a good
chance！
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel
at home in their house．
4． It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
此句型中的形容詞和名詞常見的有：no／little use, no／much good,
useless等。如：
It's no use crying over spilt milk．
5．It takes sb．＋一段時間＋to do sth． 表示"做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時間"。如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the
sea．
6．It is ＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋that從句
此句型中常見的及物動詞的過去分詞有：said, told, known, reported,
recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：
It is reported that the Russian President will visit
China next week．
7．It ＋不及物動詞＋that從句
此句型中不及物動詞常見的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：
It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
It happened that I met my good friends in the museum
yesterday．
8．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that／who從句
在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時要注意，指人時可以用who或that，其它情況一律用that。如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball
this morning．
It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after
the old man．
9．It is／has been＋一段時間＋since從句。如：
It is ／has been three years since we saw each other
last．
10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．
該句型表示"某人現(xiàn)在該做某事了"，從句常用過去時（虛擬語氣）
說明現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做的事情。如：
It's six o'clock．It is high time that we went home now．
練習(xí).It的用法
1. My bike is missing. I can't find ____ anywhere.
A. one B. ones C. it D. that
2. ---- Who's that? ---- ____ Professor Li.
A. That's B. It's C. He's D. This's
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I've seen ____.
A. that B. it C. such D. one
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. You
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
10. How long ____ to finish the work?
A. you'll take B. you'll take it C. will it take you D. will take you
11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.
A. who B. whom C. how D. that
12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.
A. where B. that C. in which D. on which
13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that's D. so
15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.
A. it B. that C. so D. she
16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that B. many years before C. many years ago that D. many years when
17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that
18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow
C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA
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