2009年高考閱讀理解分析指導(dǎo)（六）

考點(diǎn)六 推理判斷題

推理判斷題主要考查考生根據(jù)已知信息作出合理推斷或判斷的邏輯思維能力。常見(jiàn)的推理判斷題的提問(wèn)方式有：

1. It can be inferred / concluded from the text that _____.

2. The writer suggests that _____.

3. Form the passage we can infer / conclude that _____.

4. We may infer from the text that _____.

5. It is implied in the passage that _____.

6. This text is most probably taken from _____.

現(xiàn)以2008年全國(guó)卷II B篇分析如下：

The Queen’s English is now sounding less upperclass, a scientific study of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts has found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.

Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany’s University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent (口音) changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records,” he said.

He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upperclass accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we don’t notice from year to year.”

“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes,” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been heard saying ‘thet men in the bleck het’. Now it would be ‘that man in the black hat’. Similarly, she would have spoken of ‘the citay’and ‘dutay’, rather than‘cite’and‘dutee’, and ‘hame’ rather than ‘home’. In the 1950s she would have been ‘lorst’, but by the 1970s ‘lost’.”

The Queen’s broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each Christmas, the 10-minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch. (傳統(tǒng)火雞午餐).

The results were published (發(fā)表) in the Journal of Phonetics.

47. We may infer from the text that the Journal of Phonetics is a magazine on _____.

A. speech sounds    B. Christmas customs   C. TV broadcasting   D. personal messages

【解析】

A。此題屬推理判斷題。文中提到“thet men in the bleck het”實(shí)則為“that man in the black hat”；將“home”說(shuō)成“hame”；將“l(fā)ost”說(shuō)成“l(fā)orst”， 這些研究成果發(fā)表在the Journal of Phonetics。由 此推斷該雜志為語(yǔ)音學(xué)研究雜志。 解答此類題切忌妄自猜測(cè)，要善于剖析文中 事件間的因果、時(shí)間先后等邏輯關(guān)系，并依此作出合理的推理判斷。

考點(diǎn)八 邏輯排序題

邏輯排序題是指要求考生根據(jù)所讀材料對(duì)若干個(gè)事實(shí)按一定邏輯順序進(jìn)行排列組合的試題。此類試題可歸屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解和邏輯推理題, 多出現(xiàn)在記敘文材料的閱讀理解中。現(xiàn)以2006年浙江卷A篇為例說(shuō)明如下：

Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football, tennis, cricket―anything with a round ball, I was useless,” he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire, England.

It was a mountain bike he received for his 15^th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.

The following year he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school of adventure in Scotland, where he learnt about Ridgway’s cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.

In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky ice.

Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he’s skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change. Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900-kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis.

43. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?

a. He ran his first marathon.

b. He skied alone in the North Pole.

c. He rode his bike in a forest.

d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.

A. a-c-d-b    B. c-d-a-b    C. a-c-b-d     D. c-a-b-d

解答此類試題可使用“ 比較法” , 即：先比較四個(gè)答案的異同，從而找到突破口。通過(guò)比較可知，上題只需分辨出a和c的先后順序即能縮小答案范圍。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，Saunders到森林中騎車是15歲時(shí)，而首次跑馬拉松是18歲時(shí)，故可排除A和C。接下來(lái)只需比較d和a的先后順序即可得出答案D。

解答此類試題，也可使用“排除法”，即：先找兩頭―最先發(fā)生和最后發(fā)生的事情，將不符合要求的選項(xiàng)排除，從而逐步縮小范圍，直至得出答案，這樣可以大大提高速度。