1．  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

2．  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句：

主語(yǔ)（第一，二人稱(chēng)單復(fù)數(shù)，第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)）+have

主語(yǔ)（第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)）+has                         +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

3．  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞

4．  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句及回答：Have/Has +主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞？

5．   現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：

   1）表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響，可以細(xì)分為下列兩種情況：a.表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，常和just, now , already, yet等連用。如，I have finished my homework now.現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。

          b.表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的結(jié)果現(xiàn)在仍殘留著，一般不和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如I have lost my pen.我把鋼筆弄丟了。（說(shuō)明過(guò)去某時(shí)丟的，現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有找到這支鋼筆）。

  2）表繼續(xù)（動(dòng)作未結(jié)束）。如 I have lived here since 1989.我自從1989年就住在這。（表示現(xiàn)在仍住在這）【注意】表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

6．  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。表示過(guò)去固定時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)只能與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，而不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。表示過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, last week, a week ago, on Friday, just now, in the evening, the other day�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：since Monday, until now, for a long time, since I came here, since last week, up to now, lately, recently.

7．  look for, find , find out, search:

1）   look for表示“尋找”，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的動(dòng)作或過(guò)程。

2）  find表示“找到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果。

3）  find out表示“找出，查明”之意，指經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)查，觀察，詢(xún)問(wèn)或研究等手段發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到。

4）  search是指對(duì)某一處所，人身進(jìn)行搜查或指尋找想找的人或物，后面可以接介詞for，但比look for語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)些。

8．  go on的其他用法：go on意思為“繼續(xù)”時(shí)，有下列幾種用法：

   1）go on doing sth.意思為“繼續(xù)做某事”

   2）go on to do sth意思為“繼續(xù)做（另一件事）

   3）go on with sth有時(shí)與go on doing互換使用，意思為“繼續(xù)做某事”。

9．   In the past twelve months, they’ve had three major concerts and made a hit CD.

     在過(guò)去的十二個(gè)月里，他們舉辦了三場(chǎng)較大的音樂(lè)會(huì)，出版了一張很受歡迎的CD唱片。

   （1）“in the past+時(shí)間段”常用于完成時(shí)的句子中，表示“在過(guò)去的……時(shí)間里”，past是形容詞，可以用last來(lái)替換，而past/last的后面通常要使用“數(shù)字+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

     In the past/last two years, she has studied English very hard.

      在過(guò)去的兩年里，她一直在努力地學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

  （2）短語(yǔ)make a hit表示“大獲成功”、“（演出等）大受歡迎；受到贊揚(yáng)”等，hit是名詞，表示成功而風(fēng)行一時(shí)的事物，如電影，歌曲，演出等。

Zhou Jielun has just made a hit CD. 周杰倫剛出版了一盤(pán)轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的CD。

His song was a great hit. 他的歌曲轟動(dòng)一時(shí)。

He made a great hit in teaching. 他曾在教學(xué)上獲得了巨大的成功。

10.get back意思為“取回”；get back意思為“回來(lái)”，相當(dāng)于return

       Sorry I couldn’t get back to you sooner. 很抱歉我沒(méi)能盡快給你回復(fù)。

這是在E-mail message回復(fù)中的常用語(yǔ),句中“get back to sb”的意思是“以后再答復(fù)”。

I can’t give you a definite answer now but I’ll get back to you about it soon.

我現(xiàn)在不能給你一個(gè)明確的回答，但我很快會(huì)給你答復(fù)的。

11.yet, already:yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。Already主要用于肯定句中，用于疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)常表示驚訝。  yet常放在句尾，也可以緊跟在not的后面，而already則常放在句中。

12. And then they’re going to go on a world tour in which they will perform in ten different cities. 然后，他們將去世界各地旅行并在十個(gè)城市巡回演出。

...in which they will perform in ten different cities是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是tour,在關(guān)系代詞which前介詞in通常的位置是在動(dòng)詞perform的后面。本句為了避免與in two different cities短語(yǔ)中的in重復(fù)，將perform后的第一個(gè)in前置。句中perform主要指扮演角色，演奏某種樂(lè)器，演出某一節(jié)目，側(cè)重能力，技巧，效果，可用作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。

The magician performed wonderful tricks. 魔術(shù)師表演了精彩的魔術(shù)。

He performs perfectly on the piano. 他的鋼琴演奏太棒了。

13. Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you ― if you can get tickets, that is. 如果他們來(lái)到你附近的城市，千萬(wàn)不要錯(cuò)過(guò)――當(dāng)然，如果你能弄到票的話(huà)。

（1）句中的that is表示“確切地；換句話(huà)說(shuō)；也就是”，用來(lái)表達(dá)一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)法，即對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容加以準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)明。

She’s a housewife ― when she’s not teaching English, that is.

她是個(gè)家庭主婦――是指她不教英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。

（2）句中miss是“錯(cuò)過(guò)”，后接名詞、代詞或v-ing形式，不可接不定式。

They missed the train by two minutes.他們差兩分鐘沒(méi)趕上火車(chē)。

I came late and missed seeing the beginning of the movie.

我來(lái)晚了，沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)電影的開(kāi)始部分。

miss還可表示“丟失”、“失去”，與lose同義。

14.      ...but we really hope to have a number one hit some day. 

……但是我們真的希望有朝一日我們制作出能賣(mài)得最好的一首歌。

some day意為“將來(lái)某一日”，等于someday,與one day是近義詞。

some day/someday只表示將來(lái)，不表示過(guò)去。而one day用在過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里

是“有一天”的意思，用在將來(lái)時(shí)的句子里是“將有一天”，與some day/someday

可互換。

He will be a scientist some day.總有一天他會(huì)成為科學(xué)家。

I hope to see you one day/someday.我希望有一天會(huì)看到你。

One day last summer they made a trip to the country.

去年夏天某日他們到鄉(xiāng)間旅行。

15.      ...as a part of the “In Search of Roots” summer camp program. 

……作為“尋根”夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)的一部分。

in search for是固定短語(yǔ),for 后面的名詞同樣必須是“尋找的目標(biāo)”，不是“搜尋的對(duì)象”。search前常出現(xiàn)a 或one’s等詞對(duì)search加以限定或修飾，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)也常作目的狀語(yǔ)。

The soldiers were sent in a search for the missing aircraft.

士兵們被派去搜尋失蹤的飛機(jī)。

So far, they have been unlucky in their search for gold and have no money at all.

到現(xiàn)在為止，他們尋找金子的運(yùn)氣一直不好，而且他們身上也沒(méi)錢(qián)了。

知識(shí)拓展

search的基本用法

（1）search的動(dòng)詞用法。

◎ search不與介詞或副詞搭配時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，表示“搜查”的意思，其后通常接處所或人物名詞，表示搜查的對(duì)象。

He even searched my home without any reason.

他甚至毫無(wú)理由地搜查了我的家。

I’ve searched my memory, but can’t remember that man’s name.

我苦思良久，仍然記不起那人的名字。

They searched every part of the building. 他們對(duì)全樓進(jìn)行了搜查。

◎ search用不及物動(dòng)詞，后面接介詞for 和after，構(gòu)成及物性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，兩者是“搜尋，尋找”的意思，表示花費(fèi)極大的氣力去搜尋某個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)，常含有對(duì)立或不對(duì)立的意味，兩者可以通用，只不過(guò)search for 更常見(jiàn)些。

For a whole day they searched for/after the lost child.

他們找了一天這個(gè)丟失的孩子。

16.      ...and so far has brought thousands of overseas Chinese students... 

 ……到目前為止，它帶來(lái)了成千上萬(wàn)的海外華裔學(xué)生……

so far 意思是“到目前為止”，常用于完成時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)到目前為止的情況,可位于句首，也可位于句末。

So far, no man has traveled farther than the moon.

到現(xiàn)在為止，還沒(méi)有人到過(guò)比月球更遠(yuǎn)的地方。

How many travelers have been to Disneyland so far?

到現(xiàn)在為止有多少旅客到過(guò)迪斯尼樂(lè)園？

So far we haven’t got any news from them.

到目前為止，我們還沒(méi)有得到他們的任何消息。

8.  Most, like Robert, can hardly speak any Chinese, and have never been to China before.  

 像羅伯特一樣，大多數(shù)人幾乎都不會(huì)說(shuō)中文，而且以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有到過(guò)中國(guó)。

（1）hardly是一個(gè)否定副詞，表示“幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不”，相當(dāng)于almost not，含有否定的意義，故在句中不能另加否定詞。切莫將hardly誤認(rèn)為是由hard+ly構(gòu)成的副詞。此外，hardly 位于句首時(shí)，要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。

I hardly know what to say. 我簡(jiǎn)直不知道說(shuō)什么好。

Hardly can I move this heavy desk. 我簡(jiǎn)直移不動(dòng)這張重桌子。

― Can you catch what I said?你能聽(tīng)懂我說(shuō)的話(huà)嗎？

― Sorry, I can hardly understand it.對(duì)不起，我?guī)缀趼?tīng)不懂。

（2）have been后面接to表示某人“去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了”，可用于各種人稱(chēng)。

Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)上海嗎？

He has been to America twice. 他到美國(guó)去過(guò)兩次。

【友情鏈接】have gone to與have been in的用法

have gone 表示某人“去某地了”，不論是在途中還是到了目的地，重點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)人已經(jīng)不在說(shuō)話(huà)人所在的地方了，常用于第三人稱(chēng)；have been in，則表示一直“呆在某個(gè)地方”，常與表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

Henry has gone to London. 亨利到倫敦去了。

They have been in Beijing for two weeks. 他們?cè)诒本┮呀?jīng)有兩個(gè)星期了。

10. Thanks to In Search of Roots...  多虧“尋根”……

【知識(shí)歸納】thanks, thanks to與thanks for的用法

◎ thanks是名詞thank的復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為“感謝”。表示“感謝”之意，可以說(shuō)：

Thanks a lot.       Many thanks.        A thousand thanks.

◎ thanks to是介詞詞組，后面可以接名詞或代詞，意為“多虧”；“由于”，在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

Thanks to the old man, we found the lost child at last.

多虧那個(gè)老人，我們最后找到了失蹤的孩子。

◎ thanks for用于對(duì)別人已做的事表示感謝，后接名詞，代詞，或v-ing形式。

Thanks for sending me such a nice present.謝謝你寄來(lái)這么好的禮品。

A thousand thanks for your help.非常感謝你的幫助。

Exercises

一、漢譯英

 1、在城市里觀光                        2、放入，插入

 3、收拾好浴巾                          4、關(guān)掉

 5、鎖上窗戶(hù)                            6、帶狗去散步

 7、導(dǎo)游手冊(cè)                            8、砍木頭

 9清除                                 10、購(gòu)物

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.-- Have you packed the beach towels _______?  -- Yes, I have ______ packed them.
A. yet; yet            B. yet; already       C. already; already     D. already; yet

2.Please _____ the door and ______ the radio. The baby is sleeping.
A. close; close     B. turn off; close       C. turn off; turn off     D. close; turn off

3.Jim _____ the army in 2003. He ____ soldier for 3 years..
A. has been; joined    B. joined’ has been   C. joined; joined       D. has been; has been

3.-- I _____ an English-Chinese dictionary.
--When ______ you _______ it?       -- Yesterday afternoon.
A. have bought; did; buy B. buy; do; buy  C. have bought; will; buy D. buy; have; buy

4.-- ________ has he worked for you as a reporter?   -- Since last year.
A. How often             B. How soon          C. How long              D. How many

5.? I’ve never copied others’ homework.   -- _________.
A. Neither I have       B. Neither I do             C. Neither have I      D. Neither do I

6.-- Where is your father?  -- He _______ to Korea. He _____ there twice before.
A. has gone; has gone                         B. has gone; has been
C. has been; has gone                         D. has been; has been

7.Jack Chan _____ to Hollywood a few years ago. Now he ______ a famous movie star.
A. went; is           B. has been; is              C. is; is                D. was; was

8.So far, Li Tong ______ about 100 English Books.
A. read                       B. reads                 C. have read             D. has read

9.Father ______the city of New York three days ago.
A. leave           B. left to           C. left off        D. left for

10.He has not had a night ____for two weeks, but he still feels ____.
A. off, happy       B. away, happily     C. off, happily    D. away, happy

11.It makes him ____.
A. feel angrily      B. feel angry        C. to feel angry   D. feeling angry

12.Someone is knocking at the door. It ____my mother. It's time for her to be back.
A. can be          B. may not be       C. must be       D. mustn't be

13.My postcard is still on the desk. Why ______you ______it ?
A. haven't, posted   B. didn't, post       C. wasn't posting  D. won't, post

14.How long may I ______ the history books?

A. keep           B. lend             C. borrow       D. return

二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

1、He has never surfed, _____ ________?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句） 
2、They have been here since 2000.  (對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))
______ __________have they been here?
3、The old man _______ last year. He ____   ____ _______for a year. (die) （用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
 This factory ______ ________ ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
   Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）
　 Her  mother _______ the  Party  three  years  ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
  _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

8．She went to school yesterday. She didn't bring her bag.

She went to school _______ her bag yesterday.

9．The girl doesn't know what he should do when she is alone at home.

The girl doesn't know what _____ ______ when she is alone at home.

10．It's very dark here. We have to stop the work.

It's _________ dark here _________ we have to stop the work.

11．When I came back home, I found the windows were all opened.

When I _______ home, I found all the window __________.

12．Her grandmother has been dead for tow years.

It _____ two years since her grandmother_________.

13．Bike is short for bicycle.

Bike is another way ______ ________ bicycle.

14．The match is so important that we must go to watch it.

It's such an important match, we _________ ______it.

15．The snow was very heavy last night.

It _________ _________ last night.