Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Vi??olence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive(重溫) these experiences in nightmares.                       

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body re??leasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research had suggested that only the emo??tional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war.

They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions.” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry (精神病學(xué)) at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve(減緩) a lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out.” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist (倫理學(xué)家).

Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would be??come more and more common.“People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph LeDoux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is help people have better control of memories.”

The underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to “_____.”

A. the new drug                       B. the research into the drug

C. the memory                        D. the chemical in the drug

Which of the following is Not the opinion of the supporters?

A.The pill can erase all the memories in the past.

B.Some memories can ruin people's life. The pill can relieve emotional suffering.

C. The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories.

D. The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war.

Which of the following is Not the opinion of the opponents (反對者) ?

A. Our memories give us our identity.

B. The memories help humanity avoid mistakes of the past.

C. The drug should be used in only very serious cases.

D. People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out.

Which of the following statements might be the main idea of the text?

A. People often suffer from bad memories.   

 B. The nightmares are terrible.

C. Forget bad memories and be happy.

D. The research has caused a heated argument.

The government has lost a great deal of _____ because of the large increase in food pries.

A. strength    B. support    C. agreement    D. vote

American’s genius with high technology may have put men on the moon, but there is growing doubt about its ability to solve human problems closer to home.

In fact, a slight but significant change from purely technological solutions is already under way as scientists insist that answers to the world’s problems will not come from an attractive exhibition of electronics and machines. Instead, as they see it, solutions must develop from a better understanding of the humans that drive the system and from a fuller appreciation of the limits and potential(潛能) of the earth’s resources.

What this means is an increased emphasis on the life and earth sciences, on sociology, psychology, economics and even philosophy.

More and more of the best minds in science, particularly young researchers, are being drawn into these developing fields.

All this is not to say that technological creativity will not play a critical role in solving energy and food shortages, or that answers to environmental difficulties will not come from further advances in the same technologies that may have helped cause the problems.

Where the real challenge lies, in the view of the new generation of scientists, is in finding ways to produce goods and meet the world’s needs, using less of the raw materials that are becoming short.

Which of the following would the author probably agree with?

       A. The environment crisis will not be solved unless we stop using virgin（原始）materials.

       B. In scientific research, a higher priority（優(yōu)先）should be given to understanding all living systems.

       C. Exploration of outer space will finally lead to an improvement on human living conditions.

       D. U. S. high-technology companies are welcoming this new change in scientific research.

Which of the following best expresses the main idea?

       A. a growing number of Americans are doubtful about what high technology can do in solving the world’s problems.

       B. Many scientists are beginning to believe that the better understanding of human beings will play a more decisive role in solving the world’s problems.

       C. More and more young scientists are trying their best to find new ways to solve the world’s problems.

       D. Technological creativity will still play a very important part in solving the world’s problems.

Young scientists demand that in order to satisfy human needs ________.

       A. existing products be improved.

       B. more complex machines and electronic equipment be designed.

       C. ways be found to produce better goods using fewer raw materials.

       D. any new invention and innovation be encouraged in technology

In the passage “Human problems” or “world problems” refers mainly to ______.

       A. global food shortage                                     B. resources depletion（耗盡）

       C. environmental pollution                                D. all of the above

The author states all the following CXCEPT that _______.

       A. the development of present techniques cannot provide any answers to today’s problems.

       B. an increasing number of young scientists are taking a great interest in biological and social sciences.

       C. many scientists have come to understand the limits of natural resources.

       D. many scientists argue that high technology is something but not everything.

My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling ___36___, but I always knew he was ___37___. He never criticized us, but used ___38___ to bring out our best. He’d say,” If you pout water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they die.” I ___39___ as a child I said something ___40___ about somebody, and my father said, “___41___ time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best ___42___ people, I would get the best ___43___. From then on I’ve always tried to ___44___ the principle in my life and later in running my company.

Dad’s also always been very ___45___. At 15, I started a magazine. It was ___46___ a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a ___47___: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine.

I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, ___48___ any good father would. When he realized I Had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad ___49___ me to go into law. And I’ve ___50___ regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, ___51___ I didn’t pursue my ___52___. You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”

As ___53___ turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national ___54___ for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and I’ d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ___55___ me.

36. A. biologist      B. manager     C. lawyer       D. gardener

37. A. strict    B. honest C. special       D. learned

38. A. praise   B. courage      C. power D. warmth

39. A. think    B. imagine      C. remember   D. guess

40. A. unnecessary B. unkind       C. unimportant       D. unusual

41. A. Another       B. Some  C. Any    D. Other

42. A. on B. in       C. at       D. about

43. A. in case  B. by turns     C. by chance   D. in return

44. A. revise   B. set      C. review       D. follow

45. A. understanding     B. experienced       C. serious       D. demanding

46. A. taking up     B. making up  C. picking up  D. keeping up

47. A. suggestion   B. decision     C. notice D. choice

48. A. and      B. as       C. even if       D. as if

49. A. helped  B. allowed      C. persuaded   D. suggested

50. A. always  B. never  C. seldom       D. almost

51. A. rather   B. but     C. for      D. therefore

52. A. promise       B. task    C. belief  D. dream

53. A. this      B. he       C. it D. that

54. A. newspaper   B. magazine    C. program     D. project

55. A. controlled    B. comforted  C. reminded    D. raised

The government has lost a great deal of _____ because of the large increase in food pries.

　　A. strength    B. support    C. agreement    D. vote