The man who invented Coca-Cola was not a native Atlanta, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town shut up the shop in honor of him. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Pemberton was a chemist, sometimes known as Doctor, who, during the Civil War, became an officer and led a cavalry troop. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began making such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup.

In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant. A few months later, he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and hired an accountant named Frank M. Robinson, who had not only a good head for figures, but, attached to it, so unique a nose that he could judge the ingredients of a batch of syrup merely by sniffing it.

In 1886 --- a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, the English writer Conan Doyle made Sherlock Holmes known publicly and France found the truth about the Statue of Liberty --- Pemberton invented a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It was a change of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a bit of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some cola nut oil and a few other oils, mixing the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar.

He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his elegant account’s script, instantly designed a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was written in the style which is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a drink than as a headache cure.

One morning in 1886, a man suffering from a headache dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a bottle of Coca-Cola. According to usual practice, druggists should pour a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but at that time, the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. After drinking it, the suffering customer cheered up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy (冒泡泡的)one.

According to the passage, which of the following about Pemberton is wrong?

A. He was highly respected by Atlantans because of his great contribution. 

B. Medicines like Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup are his patent products.

C. During the Civil War, he was an officer of a cavalry troop, a chemist and a doctor.

D. Coca-Cola which is very popular now was invented by him.

Why do contemporary Coca-Cola officials especially like to mention the year 1886?

A. Because Conan Doyle contributed to Pemberton’s Coca-Cola invention.

B. Because France sent the Statue of Liberty to America and Pemberton loved it.

C. Because they are still proud of Pemberton’s invention.

D. Because Pemberton made more money for the company this year than in any other year.

What does the passage tell us about Frank M. Robinson?

A. He helped his boss and began making patent medicines together with his boss in 1869.

B. He had a special nose with an acute sense of smell and especially was good at drawing.

C. When he found the end product tasted awful, he threw in some cola nut oil and other oils.

D. He designed a label “Coca-Cola” for the Coca-Cola Company with his elegant handwriting.

How did Pemberton change French Wine Coca formula to make it taste delicious?

A. He mixed it with several oils instead of water.         

B. He put some beer into the mixture.

C. He added more coffee into the mixture than before.     

D. He added some cola nut oil and a few other oils.

According to the passage, what was Coca-Cola intended for at first?

A. It was intended for the children as a soft drink.  

B. It was intended for a substitute for French Wine Coca

C. It was intended for a cure for the common headache        

D. It was intended for the need of the war

The man who invented Coca-Cola was not a native Atlanta, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town shut up the shop in honor of him. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Pemberton was a chemist, sometimes known as Doctor, who, during the Civil War, became an officer and led a cavalry troop. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began making such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup.
In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant. A few months later, he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and hired an accountant named Frank M. Robinson, who had not only a good head for figures, but, attached to it, so unique a nose that he could judge the ingredients of a batch of syrup merely by sniffing it.
In 1886 --- a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, the English writer Conan Doyle made Sherlock Holmes known publicly and France found the truth about the Statue of Liberty --- Pemberton invented a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It was a change of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a bit of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some cola nut oil and a few other oils, mixing the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar.
He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his elegant account’s script, instantly designed a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was written in the style which is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a drink than as a headache cure.
One morning in 1886, a man suffering from a headache dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a bottle of Coca-Cola. According to usual practice, druggists should pour a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but at that time, the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. After drinking it, the suffering customer cheered up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy (冒泡泡的)one.

1. 1.

   According to the passage, which of the following about Pemberton is wrong?

   1. A.
      He was highly respected by Atlantans because of his great contribution.
   2. B.
      Medicines like Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup are his patent products.
   3. C.
      During the Civil War, he was an officer of a cavalry troop, a chemist and a doctor.
   4. D.
      Coca-Cola which is very popular now was invented by him.
2. 2.

   Why do contemporary Coca-Cola officials especially like to mention the year 1886?

   1. A.
      Because Conan Doyle contributed to Pemberton’s Coca-Cola invention.
   2. B.
      Because France sent the Statue of Liberty to America and Pemberton loved it.
   3. C.
      Because they are still proud of Pemberton’s invention.
   4. D.
      Because Pemberton made more money for the company this year than in any other year.
3. 3.

   What does the passage tell us about Frank M. Robinson?

   1. A.
      He helped his boss and began making patent medicines together with his boss in 1869.
   2. B.
      He had a special nose with an acute sense of smell and especially was good at drawing.
   3. C.
      When he found the end product tasted awful, he threw in some cola nut oil and other oils.
   4. D.
      He designed a label “Coca-Cola” for the Coca-Cola Company with his elegant handwriting.
4. 4.

   How did Pemberton change French Wine Coca formula to make it taste delicious?

   1. A.
      He mixed it with several oils instead of water.
   2. B.
      He put some beer into the mixture.
   3. C.
      He added more coffee into the mixture than before.
   4. D.
      He added some cola nut oil and a few other oils.
5. 5.

   According to the passage, what was Coca-Cola intended for at first?

   1. A.
      It was intended for the children as a soft drink.
   2. B.
      It was intended for a substitute for French Wine Coca
   3. C.
      It was intended for a cure for the common headache
   4. D.
      It was intended for the need of the war

At 2 p.m. on December 5, 1945, five Navy aircraft took off in perfect flying weather from a naval air installation in southeastern Florida, on a routine training mission over the Atlantic Ocean. Less than two hours later, the flight commander radioed that he was “completely lost”. Then there was silence. A rescue plane was sent to search for the missing aircraft, and it, too, disappeared. Despite one of history’s most extensive search efforts, involving more than 300 planes and dozens of ships, the Navy found nothing, not even an oil stain floating on the water.
This is just one of the many frightening stories told of “the Bermuda Triangle”, a mysterious area of the Atlantic Ocean roughly stretching southwest from Bermuda to the Florida coast and down to Puerto Rico. During the past 30 years, the triangle has claimed the lives of some 1,000 sailors and pilots.
Stranger yet are the numerous “ghost” ships that have been found floating crewless within the triangle. On one strange occasion in 1881, the cargo ship Ellen Austin discovered a small sailing ship, sails waving uselessly in the wind. The boat was full of wood with no one on deck. The captain of the Ellen Austin installed a new crew to sail it, but two days later, during a rough storm, the two ships temporarily lost sight of each other. When the captain again boarded the boat, he found his crew had disappeared. After a second crew was assigned, the ship was again lost in a fog bank. This time, no trace of the boat — or the crew — was ever found.
Charles Berlitz, a man with an interest in Atlantis, the legendary lost island, puts forward his theory that a giant solar crystal, which once was the power generator for Atlantis, lies on the ocean floor. From time to time, according to his theory, passing ships and planes set off the crystal, which confuses their instruments and engulfs them into the ocean.
Officially, the U.S. Navy does not recognize the triangle as a danger zone and is convinced that “the majority of disappearances in the triangle can be due to the unique features of the area’s environment.” These include the swift Gulf Stream current and the unexplored valleys under water of the Atlantic. Also, the triangle is one of only two places on earth where a compass needle points to true north rather than magnetic north, causing problems in navigation.
However, other scientists argue that beings from outer space have established a highly advanced civilization in the unexplored depths of the Atlantic inside the triangle. There, they believe, most of the missing vessels – and their crews – may still be on display for study by these higher intelligences.
【小題1】The author develops the first two paragraphs through _______.

At 2 p.m. on December 5, 1945, five Navy aircraft took off in perfect flying weather from a naval air installation in southeastern Florida, on a routine training mission over the Atlantic Ocean. Less than two hours later, the flight commander radioed that he was “completely lost”. Then there was silence. A rescue plane was sent to search for the missing aircraft, and it, too, disappeared. Despite one of history’s most extensive search efforts, involving more than 300 planes and dozens of ships, the Navy found nothing, not even an oil stain floating on the water.
This is just one of the many frightening stories told of “the Bermuda Triangle”, a mysterious area of the Atlantic Ocean roughly stretching southwest from Bermuda to the Florida coast and down to Puerto Rico. During the past 30 years, the triangle has claimed the lives of some 1,000 sailors and pilots.
Stranger yet are the numerous “ghost” ships that have been found floating crewless within the triangle. On one strange occasion in 1881, the cargo ship Ellen Austin discovered a small sailing ship, sails waving uselessly in the wind. The boat was full of wood with no one on deck. The captain of the Ellen Austin installed a new crew to sail it, but two days later, during a rough storm, the two ships temporarily lost sight of each other. When the captain again boarded the boat, he found his crew had disappeared. After a second crew was assigned, the ship was again lost in a fog bank. This time, no trace of the boat — or the crew — was ever found.
Charles Berlitz, a man with an interest in Atlantis, the legendary lost island, puts forward his theory that a giant solar crystal, which once was the power generator for Atlantis, lies on the ocean floor. From time to time, according to his theory, passing ships and planes set off the crystal, which confuses their instruments and engulfs them into the ocean.
Officially, the U.S. Navy does not recognize the triangle as a danger zone and is convinced that “the majority of disappearances in the triangle can be due to the unique features of the area’s environment.” These include the swift Gulf Stream current and the unexplored valleys under water of the Atlantic. Also, the triangle is one of only two places on earth where a compass needle points to true north rather than magnetic north, causing problems in navigation.
However, other scientists argue that beings from outer space have established a highly advanced civilization in the unexplored depths of the Atlantic inside the triangle. There, they believe, most of the missing vessels – and their crews – may still be on display for study by these higher intelligences.

1. 1.

   The author develops the first two paragraphs through _______.

   1. A.
      a series of events described in order of time
   2. B.
      a general view supported by specific examples
   3. C.
      a specific incident followed by a general introduction
   4. D.
      a strange phenomenon followed by cause explanation
2. 2.

   What did the captain of Ellen Austin do when he discovered a small sailing ship floating crewless?

   1. A.
      He had all the wood transferred onto his own ship.
   2. B.
      He had new powerful sails fixed on the small boat.
   3. C.
      He sent a message that they were in danger and needed help.
   4. D.
      He asked some of his sailors to get onto the boat to sail it.
3. 3.

   The underlined word “engulfs” in Paragraph 4 probably means ______.

   1. A.
      drops
   2. B.
      sucks
   3. C.
      puts
   4. D.
      throws
4. 4.

   Which of the following could serve as the best title for this passage?

   1. A.
      The Mysterious Bermuda Triangle
   2. B.
      The History of the Bermuda Triangle
   3. C.
      A New Research on the Bermuda Triangle
   4. D.
      A New Angle to Look at the Bermuda Triangle

For years, the automobile industry has been testing vehicles that use hydrogen as fuel. Now, people across the United States have had a chance to see and even drive cars that get power from hydrogen fuel cells (燃料電池).
But the hydrogen fuel cell is not a new idea. The fuel cell was first invented by Sir William Grove of Britain in 1839. Since then, many different designs, have been invented. There is one place where fuel cells are a proven technology: in space. The American space agency used fuel cells in its Apollo spaceships in the twentieth century.
The most useful fuel cell for transportation purposes is the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, or P.E.M. fuel cell. It is simple and can operate at temperatures of sixty to eighty degrees Celsius. That is much lower than other fuel cell designs. A P.E.M. fuel cell has two sides divided by a thin membrane (膜). Hydrogen gas is forced through one side where it comes in contact with a reactive material containing the metal platinum(鉑). The membrane separates the electrons(電子) from the protons(質(zhì)子) in the hydrogen atoms. The protons pass through it to the other side of the fuel cell. But the electrons are captured to do work; like powering a motor. Oxygen from the air is forced into the other side of the fuel cell. There, the gas meets the protons that have passed through the membrane. They combine to form water and heat. A single fuel cell does not produce a lot of electricity. But when many fuel cells are combined, they can produce enough electricity to power a vehicle. The product of the chemical reaction that powers fuel cells is water. This makes fuel cells a very clean technology.
Hydrogen fuel cell cars have been slow to develop because of many technical problems that have to be solved. For example, it is unclear how long the membranes in P.E.M. fuel cells will last. Also, fuel cells need water for their chemical reactions. They must be designed to start easily at low temperatures and in dry climates. And smaller, less costly fuel cells must be designed before they can truly take the place of gasoline engines. Now more models of fuel cell vehicles are being tested than ever before. The threat of climate change and the high cost of oil have increased interest in these vehicles that do not cause pollution.