E

In 1789 the US. government passed a law which said that the land of the American Indians could never be taken from them without their agreement. One hundred years later, however, the Indians only had a very small part of the land that originally belonged to them. How did this great injustice occur?

After 1812 white settlers began to move west across North America. At first, the settlers and the Indians lived in peace. However, the number of settlers increased greatly every year, and slowly the Indians began to see the white settlers as a danger to their survival. To feed themselves, the settlers killed more and more wild animals. The Indians, who depended on these animals for food, had to struggle against starvation. The settlers also brought with them many diseases which were common in white society, but which were new for the Indians. Great numbers of Indians became sick and died. Between 1843 and 1854 the Indian population in one area of the country went down from 100,000 to 30,000.

More land was needed for the increasing number of white settlers. In Washington, the old respect for the rights of the Indians disappeared. The old promises to the Indians were broken; the government began to move groups of Indians from their original homelands to other poorer parts of the country. Some Indians reacted angrily and violently to this treatment. They began to attack white settlers, and the Indian war began. For 30 years, until the late 1880s, different groups of Indians fought against the injustices of the white man. They had a few famous successes, but the result of the struggle was never in doubt. There were too many white soldiers, and they were too powerful. Many Indians were killed; the survivors were moved from their homelands to different areas of the country. It was a terrible chapter in the history of a country that promised freedom and equality to everyone.

72．It can be inferred from the passage that______.

A．in the US there were many laws that provided to the rights of American Indians

B．the law which was passed in 1789 by the US government was not successfully carried out

C．in the 19th century no injustices were done against the Indians by the US government

D．the majority of white settlers were openly opposed to the law passed in 1789

73．According to the passage which of the following is true?

A．The Indians believed that killing too many wild animals had disturbed the balance of nature.

B．The government began to have a better understanding of the Indians in the 1850s.

C．Between 1843 and 1854 about 70,000 Indians were killed in the battle.

D．The whites carried serious diseases into where the Indians lived.

74．It is implied in the passage that______.

A．the Indians had many great successes in the Indians war

B．the Indians had no doubt that they would win the war

C．a(chǎn)fter the war the Indians stayed where they were before

D．the Indians were too weak to win the struggle

75．The last sentence of the passage______.

A．serves as the author's comment on the historical event described above

B．gives the reader the impression that injustice is everywhere in the US

C．makes a conclusion that such events talked above will never happen again

D．brings about the topic that how the US government will deal with the problem

E
In 1789 the US. government passed a law which said that the land of the American Indians could never be taken from them without their agreement. One hundred years later, however, the Indians only had a very small part of the land that originally belonged to them. How did this great injustice occur?
After 1812 white settlers began to move west across North America. At first, the settlers and the Indians lived in peace. However, the number of settlers increased greatly every year, and slowly the Indians began to see the white settlers as a danger to their survival. To feed themselves, the settlers killed more and more wild animals. The Indians, who depended on these animals for food, had to struggle against starvation. The settlers also brought with them many diseases which were common in white society, but which were new for the Indians. Great numbers of Indians became sick and died. Between 1843 and 1854 the Indian population in one area of the country went down from 100,000 to 30,000.
More land was needed for the increasing number of white settlers. In Washington, the old respect for the rights of the Indians disappeared. The old promises to the Indians were broken; the government began to move groups of Indians from their original homelands to other poorer parts of the country. Some Indians reacted angrily and violently to this treatment. They began to attack white settlers, and the Indian war began. For 30 years, until the late 1880s, different groups of Indians fought against the injustices of the white man. They had a few famous successes, but the result of the struggle was never in doubt. There were too many white soldiers, and they were too powerful. Many Indians were killed; the survivors were moved from their homelands to different areas of the country. It was a terrible chapter in the history of a country that promised freedom and equality to everyone.
72．It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A．in the US there were many laws that provided to the rights of American Indians
B．the law which was passed in 1789 by the US government was not successfully carried out
C．in the 19th century no injustices were done against the Indians by the US government
D．the majority of white settlers were openly opposed to the law passed in 1789
73．According to the passage which of the following is true?
A．The Indians believed that killing too many wild animals had disturbed the balance of nature.
B．The government began to have a better understanding of the Indians in the 1850s.
C．Between 1843 and 1854 about 70,000 Indians were killed in the battle.
D．The whites carried serious diseases into where the Indians lived.
74．It is implied in the passage that______.
A．the Indians had many great successes in the Indians war
B．the Indians had no doubt that they would win the war
C．a(chǎn)fter the war the Indians stayed where they were before
D．the Indians were too weak to win the struggle
75．The last sentence of the passage______.
A．serves as the author's comment on the historical event described above
B．gives the reader the impression that injustice is everywhere in the US
C．makes a conclusion that such events talked above will never happen again
D．brings about the topic that how the US government will deal with the problem

"Colour" and "color"，"favourite" and "favorite"... Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a "u"? Is it because they are lazy?
Of course not. In fact，the difference in spelling was created by Noah Webster (1758-1843). He is a teacher who reformed English to make American identity stronger. Linguists (語(yǔ)言學(xué)家) celebrated his 250th birthday on October 16. After the Revolutionary War (1775~ 1783)，Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary，rather than rely on British versions (版本). He dropped the British "u" in some words. And he changed "centre" into "center" for children to learn English by spelling words more like they sounded.
Webster wasn't shy about expressing his opinions. In defining (定義) preposterous (unreasonable)，he wrote: "A republican government in the hands of females is preposterous."
Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spellings. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom.
"He was the shaper of our language and the shaper of American identity，"said Joshua Kendall，who is working on a biography (傳記) about Webster. "He at last bonded (聯(lián)合)us through our language."
【小題1】Which of the following would probably be the best title for the passage?

The invention of the electric telegraph gave birth to the communications industry. Although Samuel B. Morse succeeded in making the invention useful in 1837, it was not until 1843 that the first important telegraph line was constructed. By 1860 more than 50,000 miles of lines connected people east of the Rockies. The following year, San Francisco was added to the network.

  The national telegraph network strengthened the ties between East and West and contributed to the rapid expansion of the railroads by providing an efficient means to monitor schedules and routes. Furthermore, the extension of the telegraph, combined with the invention of the steam-driven rotary printing press by Richard

  M. Hoe in 1846, revolutionized the world of journalism. Where the business of news gathering had been dependent upon the mail and on hand-operated presses, the telegraph expanded the amount of information a newspaper could supply and allowed for more timely reporting. The creating of the Associated Press as a central wire service in 1846 marked the arrival of a new era (紀(jì)元) in journalism.

71. The main topic of the passage is        .

A. the history of journalism                                 B. the origin of the national telegraph

C. how the telegraph network contributed to the expansion of railroads

D. the contributions and development of the telegraph network

72. The word "gathering" in line 11 refers to        .

A. people                    B. information                   

C. objects                                     D. substances

73. The author's main purpose in this passage is to         .

A. compare the invention of the telegraph with the invention of the steam-driven rotary press

B. propose new ways to develop the communications industry

C. show how the electric telegraph affected the communications industry

D. criticize Samuel B. Morse

74. This passage would most likely be found in a        .

A. U.S. history book   B. book on trains  

C. science textbook D. computer magazine

75. It can be inferred from the passage that          .

A. Samuel Morse did not make a significant contribution to the communications industry

B. Morse's invention did not immediately achieve its full potential (潛力)

C. the extension of the telegraph was more important than its invention

D. journalists have the Associated Press to thank for the birth of the communications industry

"Colour" and "color"，"favourite" and "favorite"... Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a "u"? Is it because they are lazy?

Of course not. In fact，the difference in spelling was created by Noah Webster (1758-1843). He is a teacher who reformed English to make American identity stronger. Linguists (語(yǔ)言學(xué)家) celebrated his 250th birthday on October 16. After the Revolutionary War (1775~ 1783)，Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary，rather than rely on British versions (版本). He dropped the British "u" in some words. And he changed "centre" into "center" for children to learn English by spelling words more like they sounded.

Webster wasn't shy about expressing his opinions. In defining (定義) preposterous (unreasonable)，he wrote: "A republican government in the hands of females is preposterous."

Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spellings. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom.

"He was the shaper of our language and the shaper of American identity，"said Joshua Kendall，who is working on a biography (傳記) about Webster. "He at last bonded (聯(lián)合)us through our language."

1.Which of the following would probably be the best title for the passage?

2.According to the passage，when he worked on his dictionary, Noah Webster did all of the following EXCEPT        .

3.Which of the following word can best describe Noah Webster’s work?

4.Why did Noah Webster create these differences in his dictionary?

5.When did Noah Webster probably begin his project of the dictionary?