As we get older, the fear of not having a good memory grows for many people. A lot of people  48   that the loss of memory can be the sign of Alzheimer’s(老年癡呆癥).

     It is true that as we grow older we are more    49    to develop Alzheimer’s. But with a proper lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and exercise, one can stay mentally     50    into their old age.

     There are many causes of memory loss that have nothing to do with Alzheimer’s. As researchers come    51    to understanding Alzheimer’s, the outlook(前景) is    52    for people with this illness. New treatments are becoming available. With improved diagnosis(診斷), medications and treatment, one day we may be able to    53    or even reverse (反轉(zhuǎn)) memory loss as we age.

     Memory loss is    54    a topic of concern for people. Having Alzheimer’s can lead to increased dependency on others. Not being able to manage basic daily    55   on your own or even not being able to recognize family members would be a serious hit to anyone. This is why many elderly people often have questions and concerns.

1.A. worry             B. guess             C. insist             D. suggest

2.A. eager           B. nervous                  C. likely              D. ready

3.A. healthy                 B. honest           C. brave                    D. kind

4.A. faster            B. slower            C. farther                   D. closer

5.A. reducing                B. ending           C. improving               D. waiting

6.A. make            B. take              C. prevent                 D. protect

7.A. also            B. still                C. ever              D. even

8.A. activities                B. news              C. meals             D. drinks

Nowadays people are troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of violence as entertainment.

Viewing large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality（因果關(guān)系）. Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies… point to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”

Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.

The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read “aggressive” or “non-aggressive” words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intention of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.

Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.

Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?

A. Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.

B. Something has gone wrong with today’s society

C. Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.

D. There is a lot of violence in the real world today.

What is the skeptics’ view of media violence?

A. Violence on television is fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.

B. Most studies exaggerate (夸大) the effect of media violence on the viewers.

C. A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.

D. The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.

The author uses the term “alarmists” to refer to those who _________.

A. use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence

B. initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality

C. insist on a direct link between violent media and aggressive behavior

D. use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior

The underlined phrase “weeded out” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________.

   A. got rid of things that are not good       B. removed unwanted parts from something

   C. picked out things that are useful          D. took away unnecessary details of a report

What does the writer think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence?

A. He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists. 

B. It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled.

C. The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.

D. More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.

閱讀下面的短文，在標(biāo)有序號的空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號中動詞的適當(dāng)形式。

I know how easy it is to start smoking and how difficult it is to stop. During adolescence, I became   79   to cigarettes. When l was young, I didn't know that it could do   80   to my heart and lungs. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the   81   of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible and that she wouldn't go out with me again   82   I stopped. 1 also noticed that I became breathless quickly. Then I knew   83   was time to quit smoking. I'm sending you some advice to help you 84   your resolve. Every time you feel like   85  (smoke), remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. I know it is not easy to get rid of the   86  , but millions have managed   87 (quit) and so can you. Keep trying, and you will   88   eventually.

Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can’t be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering(干涉) with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.

Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance(機械維修，保養(yǎng)) as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You can’t ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there’s life, there’s hope.

When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.

1. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The values are different between the old and the young.

B. The moral problems raised by old people.

C. The personal freedom for the old.

D. Old people’s viewpoint on life.

2. We can know from the first paragraph that________.

A. Very old people would like to live alone to have more personal freedom.

B. Very old people are able to keep their room clean.

C. Very old people like to live with their children.

D. Social services have nothing to do with very old people.

3. According to the author, which of the following is right?

A. The older a person, the more care he needs.

B. Too much emphasis has been put on old people’s values.

C. The human body can’t be compared to a car.

D. It is easy to provide spare parts for old people.

4.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”.

A. their money or their health

B. the conclusion you come to

C. your talk to the old people

D. whether age is happy or unpleasant

The researchers, led by Hwang Woo-suk, insist they cloned an Afghan hound, only to help investigate (研究) human disease, including the possibility of cloning stem cells (干細胞) for treatment purposes.
But others immediately renewed calls for a global ban (禁令)on human reproductive cloning before the technology moves any farther.
"Successful cloning of an increasing number of species confirms the general impression that it would be possible to clone any species of mammals, including humans," said Ian Wilmut, a reproductive biologist at the University of Edinburgh who produced the first cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep, from an adult cell nearly a decade ago.
Researchers have since cloned cats, goats, cows, mice, pigs, rabbits, horses, deer, mules and gaur, a large wild ox of Southeast Asia. So far, efforts to clone a monkey or another primate with the same techniques have failed.
Uncertainties about the health and life span (壽命) of cloned animals continue to exist; Dolly died at a young age in 2003 after developing cancer and arthritis.
Wilmut and others complimented Hwang's achievement, reported Wednesday in the journal Nature. But they said politicians and scientists must face the larger issue — how to go on with the research without crossing the moral boundary of copying human life in the lab.
"The ability to use the technology is hopeful," said Robert Schenken, president of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. "However, the paper also points out that in dogs as in most species, cloning for reproductive purposes is unsafe."
The cloned puppy was the lone success from more than 100 dogs implanted (嵌入)with more than 1,000 cloned embryos.
In a news conference in Seoul, the cloning team also condemned(譴責(zé))the reproductive cloning of humans as "unsafe and inefficient." Human reproductive cloning already is banned in South Korea. Other nations, including the United States, are divided on whether to ban just human cloning or cloning of all kinds, including the production of stem cells.
56. An Afghan hound is a kind of ______.
A. cat           B. goat          c. cow          D. dog
57. A ______ is a large wild ox of Southeast Asia.
A. horse          B. deer          C. mules        D. gaur
58. Accrding to the passage, scientists haven’t been able to clone a ______ so far.
A. deer           B. mule         C. mouse        D. monkey
59. The underlined word complimented is probably similar in meaning to ______.
A. praised         B. doubted       C. refused      D. gave up
60. The cloning of human beings is banned in ______. 
A. South Korea                        B. the United States
C. both South Korea and the United States   D. neither South Korea nor the United States