From a very early age，some children exhibit better
self-control than others.Now，a new study that began with about 1，000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child’s low self-control can predict poor health，money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years.
Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now.They observed the level of self-control the youngsters displayed.Parents，teachers，even the kids themselves，scored the youngsters on measures like“acting before thinking”and “Persistence in reaching goals.”
The study led  by Moffitt of Duke University and colleagues followed 1，000 children from birth to age 32 in Dunedin,New Zealand.
“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age three to ten，later on had the most health problems in their 30s，” Moffitt said， “and they had the worst financial situation.They were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.”Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed，and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.
Moffitt said it’s still unclear why some children have better self-control than others，though she said other researchers have found that it’s mostly a learned behavior,with relatively little genetic influence.But good self-control can be set to run in familles because children with good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.But the good news，Moffitt said，is that self-control can be taught by parents，and through school curricula that have been shown to be effective.
【小題1】From the first two paragraphs we learn that         .

A．the research has been carried out for five years

B．self-control in kids tends to determine their future

C．self-control was assessed by children’s intelligence

D．children’s self-control is almost the same at early age

【小題2】Children with low self-control are more likely to         .

A．become wealthy in later life	B．get good school performance
C．have better financial planning	D．a(chǎn)dopt negative behaviors

【小題3】According to Moffitt，       .

A．only good genetic factors can shape their lives in the future

B．scientists know well why some children have better self-control

C．self-control in childhood has nothing to do with criminal activity

D．willpower as a child really influences people’s chances of adulthood

【小題4】What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Self-control cannot be taught in schools.

B．The study is restricted within few participants.

C．It’s never too late to deal with self-control problems.

D．Good parenting can improve self-control and life success.

【小題5】.Which of the following might be the best title of the  passage？

A．Child’s self control predicts future health，success

B．Kids are encouraged to take risks at an early age

C．Children’s development cannot be changed by teachers

D．How to teach the kids a bit of self-control in schools

 

Ⅲ 閱讀 (共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

第一節(jié) 閱讀理解 (共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

                              School phobia is a type of illness which causes students to be afraid to go to school. This condition is most commonly seen in children, typically between the ages of 8-13, and it can be very upsetting, especially if it is allowed to progress. Symptoms include stomach aches, tiredness, shaking, a racing heart and frequent trips to the toilet.

This common phobia is associated with a wide variety of causes. Most commonly it is the result of separation anxiety, but it can also be caused by different kinds of stress. A child who has recently moved, suffered a loss, or gone through a divorce may develop school phobia, and phobias can also develop in response to bullying (欺侮), an unrecognised learning disability, and poor self-image. Understanding the cause of a school phobia is an important step in providing treatment.

A child with school phobia usually refuses to go to school, or protests violently. He or she may become physically ill when ordered to school, or pretend to be sick to avoid going. When the child arrives at school, he or she may run away, or develop behavioural problems in class and on the playground. When school is discussed, the child can become impatient, upset or angry.

Many techniques can be used to manage school phobia, but research suggests that much more effective treatment is required for school phobia to prevent problems developing in later life. Children with this condition usually benefit from seeing a psychologist or doctor who can help the child and provide assistance to help parents and school officials support the child. As soon as a school phobia is identified, parents should take action too. Like other phobias, school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated, and it can interfere with a child's success in school. Adjustments can be made at home and in the classroom to help. If bullying is a cause, for example, the bullying situation should be solved. A teacher can meet the child at the door and take him or her to class, and provide support so that the child feels a friendly adult is always available.

Changes at home can include supportive language from parents, along with support like assistance with homework. If a child lacks confidence, parents may encourage the child to take up new hobbies that will help them to feel good about themselves. Parents might also talk to their children about their own fears of school and how they got over them, and their own enjoyment of school and school-like activities.

By following these methods we can help children to dispel their school phobia.

41. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed in the passage?

A. The definition of school phobia.

B. The history of school phobia.

C. The causes of school phobia.

D. The effects of school phobia.

42. What is a useful treatment for school phobia according to the passage?

A. Parents should allow their children occasional days off.

B. Teachers should be stricter with students.

C. Children should be helped to develop a sense of achievement.

D. Children should be regularly sent to psychologist.

43. The underlined word “dispel” (the last paragraph) probably means “________”.

A. accept                    B. realize       C. forget                        D. overcome

44. Which of the following statement might the author agree with?

A. School phobia is most often suffered by middle school students.

B. School phobia may have bad influence on children’s future life if neglected.

C. Children with school phobia should not be given medical treatment.

D. Most children with school phobia are pretending to be ill.

45. What are some of the reasons for school phobia mentioned in the passage?

   A. Bullying, recent devoice and moving to a new area.

   B. Learning disability, impatience and poor concentration.

   C. Stomachache, poor school performance and aggressive teachers.

   D. Shaking, lack of confidence and few friends.

 

The clothes you wear. The food you eat. The color of your bedroom walls. Where you go and how you get there. The people you hang around with. What time you go to bed. What do these things have in common? You’re asking. They’re just a few examples of many hundreds of things that your parents controlled for you when you were a child.

As a kid, you didn’t have a say in everything; your parents made decisions about everything from the cereal you ate in the morning to the pajamas you wore at night. And it’s a good thing, too—kids need this kind of protection on their own.

   But finally, kids grow up and become teens. And part of being a teen is developing your own identity—one that is separate from your parents’. But as you change and grow into this new person who makes his own decisions, your parents have a difficult time adjusting (調(diào)整).

   In most families, it is this adjustment that can cause a lot of fighting between teens and parents. And issues like the type of friends you have or your attitudes to partying can cause bigger arguments, because your parents still always want to protect you and keep you safe, no matter how old you are.

   The good news about fighting with your parents get more comfortable with the idea that their teens have a right to certain opinions. It can take several years for parents and teens to adjust to their new roles, though. In the meantime, focus on communicating with your parents.

   Sometimes this can feel impossible—like they just don’t see your point of view and never will. But talking and expressing your opinions can help you gain more respect from your parents.

   Keep in mind, too, that your parents were teens once and that in most cases, they can relate to what you’re going through.

1.In the first two paragraphs, the writer       .

A. complains that parents control kids too much

B. proves that kids have no right to give their opinions

C. describes how carefully parents look after kids

D. explains that it is necessary for parents to control kids

2.A lot of fighting breaks out between teens and parents because       .

A. parents aren’t used to losing control of kids

B. teens like to have everything decided

C. parents blame teens for not respecting them

D. teens are eager to develop their own identity

3.In the writer’s opinion, parents control teens in order to       .

A. prevent them from having their own ideas

B. protect them from being hurt

C. make them respect parents in the family

D. make sure that children have a good future

4.The underlined word “this” in paragraph 6 may refer to “      ”.

A. arguing with friends

B. fighting with your parents

C. communicating with parents

D. adjusting to new roles

5.What might be the most suitable title for the passage?

A. What do parents control their children for?

B. How parents take care of children?

C. How to get rid of your parents’ control?

D. Why do I fight with parents so much?

 

People use their mouths for many things. They eat, talk, shout and sing. They smile and they kiss. In the English language, there are many expressions using the word “mouth.”
For example, if you say bad things about a person, the person might protest and say “Do not bad mouth me.” Sometimes, people say something to a friend or family member that they later regret because it hurts that person’s feelings. Or they tell the person something they were not supposed to tell. The speaker might say: “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.” If this should happen, the speaker might feel down in the mouth. In other words, he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing.
Another situation is when someone falsely claims another person said something. The other person might protest: “I did not say that. Do not put words in my mouth.”
Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. There is an expression for this, too. You might say such a person, “was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.” This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives from hand to mouth. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food.
Parents might sometimes withhold sweet food from a child as a form of punishment for saying bad things. For example, if a child says things she should not say to her parents, she might be described as a mouthy child. The parents might even tell the child to stop mouthing off.
But enough of all this talk. I have been running my mouth long enough.
【小題1】In what kind of situation will a person say “Do not bad mouth me.” ?

A．When he feels down.	B．When he feels regretful.
C．When he is spoken ill of.	D．When he feels innocent.

【小題2】If a person feels sorry for what he has said, he might say “          .”

A．Do not bad mouth me

B．I really put my foot in my mouth this time

C．Do not put words in my mouth

D．Stop mouthing off

【小題3】If a person lives from hand to mouth, it implies           .

A．he is badly – off	B．he is hard – working
C．he is well – off	D．he has enough to eat

【小題4】By saying, “I have been running my mouth long enough”, the speaker means “            ”.

A．I have run a long way	B．I have been a mouthy person
C．I have learned a lot	D．I have talked too much

Kilimanjaro Climb : a Rite of Passage for Father and Son
Climbing Kilimanjaro is a transformational experience for many people. The things that make the mountain hard are the very things that make it so powerful. In the case of my son Josh and I，the walk up Kilimanjaro proved a powerful symbol ofhis transition into manhood, and a great change in our relationship.
Day three on the mountain, Josh was hit with massive headaches. He told me every step felt like a nail driving into his head. And then, on the night we climbed the crater rim, less than 40 minutes from the summit, Josh fell. I was walking ahead, and did not even see it. He was so exhausted that he could not get up. He recalled our guides, debating whether or not they should take him straight down. Josh snapped out of it. He forced himself to his feet, shook the guides off. He set his face towards the peak and just kept marching. Near the summit he caught up with me and we reached the peak together.
“ I’ve never been in so much pain and so happy at the same time，，，he said, as we sat side by side on the frozen rock and looked down over Africa. “You know, in the past when we’d go on camping and rafting trips, you guided and took care of me through it all. But on Kilimanjaro it was different. From the bottom up, I climbed it. I never feltlike a kid, even when 1 was in pain. You never acted like a parent.”
“That’s not quite true，”I replied. “When you told me that on the summit you fell-and I did not even notice, my first thought was, ‘Oh my God! I’m such an awful parent!’ But then it hit me, ‘He got himself up. He walked to the peak on his own. He didn't need me to help.，”
I realized as I spoke that two people had died that night on Kilimanjaro. A child and a parent. It wasjust two friends who walked down the mountain together.
【小題1】What is NOT mentioned in the first paragraph?

A． Kilimanjaro is powerful.

B． Kilimanjaro is hard to climb.

C． Many people, including Josh, have changed after climbing Kilimanjaro.

D． The writer has a distant relationship with his son after climbing Kilimanjaro.

【小題2】From the second paragraph we know that_____

A． Josh had a slight headache.

B． Josh reached the top of the mountain with the help of the guides.

C． Josh overcame various difficulties on his way to the summit.

D． Climbing Kilimanjaro was too hard for such a child as Josh.

【小題3】What does the underlined phrase in the second paragraph mean?

A． cheered up

B．gave up

C．burst out

D．ran out

【小題4】What can be inferred from the talk between the father and the son?

A． Josh felt quite good about his independence.

B． Josh appreciated his parents ，company and care.

C． The father felt guilty all the time.

D． The father should have taken good care of Josh as usual.

【小題5】Why did the father feel that two people had died?

A． Because two people had lost their lives while climbing Kilimanjaro.

B． Because the father and son had become friends.

C． Because they had witnessed an accidence of a father and son.

D． Because two friends had misled him.