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Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to offend them because they have a talent for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s unfair,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’

The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods comes largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.

Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway rules while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of disasters.

We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not survive without this source of revenue(收益). The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a greatly useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘a(chǎn)gony’ column（讀者來(lái)信專欄）. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!

.At this moment the bell rang _______ the end of class.　

Passage three(Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community)
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’
The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine.  What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘a(chǎn)gony’ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
1.What is main idea of this passage?
A.  Advertisement.  
B.  The benefits of advertisement.
C.  Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D.  The costs of advertisement.
2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is
A.  Appreciative.     B.  Trustworthy.   C.  Critical.    D.  dissatisfactory.
3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers?
A.  Because advertisers often brag.
B.  Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.
C.  Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.
D.  Because customers pay more.
4.Which of the following is Not True?
A.  Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.
B.  We can buy what we want.
C.  Good quality products don’t need to be advertised.
D.  Advertisement makes our life colorful.
5.The passage is
A.  Narration.     B.  Description.       C.  Criticism.         D.  Argumentation.

August was one of the nastiest months I can remember: torrential rain; a hailstorm or two; cold, bitter winds; and mists. But we are accustomed to such weather in England. Lord Byron used to say that an English summer begins on July 31 and ends on Aug. 1. He called 1816 "the year without a summer." He spent it gazing across Lake Geneva, watching the storms, with 18-year-old Mary Shelley. The lightening flickering across the lake inspired her Frankenstein, the tale of the man-made monster galvanized into life by electricity.

This summer's atrocious weather tempted me to tease a Green whom I know. "Well, what about your weather theory now?" (One of the characteristics of Greens is that they know no history.) He replied: "Yes, this weather is unprecedented. England has never had such an August before. It's global warming, of course." That's the Greens' stock response to anything weather-related. Too much sun? "Global warming." Too little sun? "Global warming." Drought? "Global warming." Floods? "Global warming." Freezing cold? "Global warming."

I wish the great philosopher Sir Karl Popper were alive to denounce the unscientific nature of global warming. He was a student when Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity was first published and then successfully tested. Einstein said that for his theory to be valid it would have to pass three tests. "If," Einstein wrote to British scientist Sir Arthur Eddington, "it were proved that this effect does not exist in nature, then the whole theory would have to be abandoned."

The idea that human beings have changed and are changing the basic climate system of the Earth through their industrial activities and burning of fossil fuels--the essence of the Greens' theory of global warming--has not much basis in science. Global warming, like Marxism, is a political theory of actions, demanding compliance with its rules.

Those who buy in to global warming wish to drastically curb human economic and industrial activities, regardless of the consequences for people, especially the poor. If the theory's conclusions are accepted and agreed upon, the destructive results will be felt most severely in those states that adhere to the rule of law and will observe restrictions most faithfully. The global warming activists' target is the U.S. If America is driven to accept crippling restraints on its economy it will rapidly become unable to shoulder its burdens as the world's sole superpower and ultimate defender of human freedoms. We shall all suffer, however, as progress falters and then ceases and living standards decline.

1. The writer of the passage is probably _______.

A．one of the “Greens”

B．a(chǎn)n American

C．not quite a believer in Global Warming

D．a(chǎn)n environmentalist

2.Which person(s), in the writer’s eyes, is the one he agrees with?  

A．Karl Marx         B．Sir Karl Popper     C．The Greens        D．Mary Shelley

3.Sir Arthur Eddington could be inferred as a ______.

A．politician          B．poet             C．Greenpeacer       D．physicist

4.“denounce”  in the third paragraph can be replaced by ______.

A．a(chǎn)nnounce                             B．pronounce

C．speak out for                           D．speak out against

5. Which of the following is probably a good title for this article?

A．Why Einstein’s Theory Stands the Tests.

B．Which Country the “Greens” Are Attacking?

C．Global Warming? I See Little Point.

D．The Climate in England and beyond.

Shaping a child is like shaping clay（粘土）— you have to start from the beginning and work your way to the end with extreme caution but with gentle and loving   16 . However, unlike clay, you don’t get a second   17  with a child. You can put all the clay back together and start again but with a child, what is done is done.   18  it’s even more caution with care.

Building a child’s esteem is no small play; it makes your black hair   19 , steals away years of your life and still will not look done. Therefore you have to learn how to build self-esteem and   20  your child from the beginning. After all, parenting begins from babyhood.

Small case could leave large   21  on your child’s mind. Reason why you should not overlook something that went wrong. If another child   22  your kid, everyone laughed and you told your son to   23  it, that’s the first wrong step. You have to teach your child to   24  up for himself. Don’t let your child fall down inside. Tell him to ask the child why he is hitting him or   25  to the nearest adult he can reach.

Most of all before you speak to a child you have to be a   26  example. If you go around laughing at people, your kids will do the   27 . If you are a coward（懦夫）yourself and do not stand up to situations, do not   28  your child not to follow you. Children are like monkeys—they copy every   29 , from how you eat to how you handle situations.

Building self-esteem begins at home. Small self-confident acts make a(n)   30  impact on your child.

1.                A．heads          B．hands          C．tools D．knives

2.                A．test            B．grade          C．class D．chance

3.                A．Thus           B．But            C．Or   D．Although

4.                A．lost            B．gray           C．weak D．curl

5.                A．interest        B．direct          C．order    D．encourage

6.                A．impact         B．lesson          C．mark D．space

7.                A．laughed        B．pushed         C．pulled    D．drew

8.                A．make          B．leave           C．forget    D．move

9.                A．stand          B．turn           C．take D．set

10.               A．a(chǎn)nnounce       B．manage        C．leave D．complain

11.               A．caring          B．living          C．touching   D．breathing

12.               A．different       B．meaningful      C．same D．useless

13.               A．expect         B．hope          C．a(chǎn)llow D．persuade

14.               A．homework      B．step           C．picture    D．a(chǎn)ction

15.               A．negative        B．objective       C．positive   D．subjective