From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away. The animal is , in fact , playing a very dangerous game with its environment , a game in which it must make decision—a matter of life or death .

      Animals’ ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call “genetic (遺傳性的)learning” , which is different from the individual (個體的) learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime . Genetic learning is learning by a

species —animals of the same kind—as a whole , and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way . However, the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past. The more important individual experience is likely to be, the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning.

      In the great majority of animals , their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound (復(fù)合體) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with .That is why animals can survive.

72．The animal’s life will come to an end         .

       A．if the animal makes a wrong decision         B．if the animal plays a dangerous game

       C．when the animal attacks its enemy              D．when the animal runs too slowly

73．Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because         .

       A．each generation has its own way of learning

       B．their environments change all the time

       C．they can act reasonably on their own   

    D．it takes their whole life to learn

74．When the environment doesn’t change much,         .

       A．a(chǎn)nimals cannot act in a right way       

    B．genetic learning is less important for animals

       C．individual learning plays a less important role

       D．a(chǎn)nimals cannot get over problems on their on their own

75．Animals’ living on generation after generation depends on         .

       A．their natural action pattern with their own experience

       B．the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime

       C．their experience in particular environments

       D．the knowledge passed on by their parents

From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions . It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating , and which are to be avoided ; when to attack and when to run away . The animal is , in fact , playing a very dangerous game with its environment , a game in which it must make decision―a matter of life or death .

Animals’ ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call “genetic (遺傳性的)learning” , which is different from the individual (個體的) learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime . Genetic learning is learning by a species ―animals of the same kind―as a whole , and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way . However , the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past . The more important individual experience is likely to be , the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game . Because most animals live in ever changing evironments from one generation to the next , it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning .

In the great majority of animals , their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound (復(fù)合體) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with .That is why animals can survive .

72．The animal’s life will come to an end          .

       A．if the animal makes a wrong decision    B．if the animal plays a dangerous game

       C．when the animal attacks its enemy        D．when the animal runs too slowly

73．Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because          .

       A．each generation has its own way of learning

       B．their environments change all the time

       C．they can act reasonably on their own

       D．it takes their whole life to learn

74．When the environment doesn’t change much ,         .

       A．a(chǎn)nimals cannot act in a right way

       B．genetic learning is less important for animals

       C．individual learning plays a less important role

       D．a(chǎn)nimals cannot get over problems on their on their own

75．Animals’ living on generation after generation depends on          .

       A．their natural action pattern with their own experience

       B．the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime

       C．their experience in particular environments

       D．the knowledge passed on by their parents

be ashamed of    work out    go on a diet     go out

    stay up     in charge of    recover from     now that 

devote oneself to   along with    at present   sound like

81. I               to watch TV last night and now feel so tired.

82. The light                  ,so I can’t see anything in the room.

83. I’ll be                       the whole company next week when the boss ia away.

84. Many young girls, who want to lose weight, are always                     .

85. You should                      yourself for telling such a lie.

86. The doctor advised her not to take weight-loss pills any more but            for a certain time every time.

87. People in Yushu                  the effects of the natural disasters now.

88.               he had been punished by his father, you shouldn’t be so hard on him.

89. A woman,                 her husband, is surprised to see the great changes of their son.

90. He                 protecting environment, so he deserved the prize.

From the earliest times men seem to have noticed the habits of insects, and to have learnt lessons from them. Ants and bees work very hard the summer, __1__enough food to last the winter. They set us a good example to__2__. If we waste time when the conditions are good for work, we shall probably__3__later; when we really want to work, we are__4__ to do so. Moths(蛾), and some other insects, cannot help flying__5__a light of any kind. The attraction seems to be too strong for them. As a result, they often__6__ themselves by flying into something that is burning, such as a lighted candle. In some countries, when such insects as flying ants become a nuisance(討厭的東西), people__7__themselves by lighting fires at the doors of their cottages. Sometimes the insects fly into the fire in such large__8__ that they put it out. In literature we often find poets warning us of the danger of being attacked by__9__or beautiful things that will destroy us. Butterflies are admired for their __10__,though they receive very little praise for anything else. They fly__11__in the sunshine, going from flower to flower, happy all day long, leading a life of __12__.They are beautiful, but it seems that they are not of much__13__use to anybody. Some human beings lead very much the same sort of life__14__they are butterflies of society. Locusts(蚱蜢) are__15__. They are active enough, too active. They spend their time eating the food of others. __16__there are men like this, destroying things wherever they go, taking for themselves __17__belongs to others, using up everything and__18__nothing. They are human__19__. Perhaps it may be said that even the worst insects have one use:they__20__us not to be like them.

1. A. planting B. losing C. collecting D. growing

2. A. learn B. follow C. see D. accept

3. A. work B. realize C. suffer D. miss

4. A. anxious B. unnecessary C. nervous D. unable

5. A. towards B. from C. into D. away

6. A. destroy B. benefit C. give D. help

7. A. prevent B. keep C. protect D. escape

8. A. teams B. numbers C. groups D. lines

9. A. bright B. burning C. dirty D. lighting

10. A. size B. strength C. beauty D. work

11. A. about B. up C. down D. high

12. A. sadness B. pleasure C. business D. disability

13. A. real B. true C. greatly D. badly

14. A. but B. and C. or D. though

15. A. different B. similar C. blind D. honest

16. A. Luckily B. Immediately C. Unfortunately D. Scarcely

17. A. that B. which C. who D. what

18. A. preparing B. eating C. storing D. producing

19. A. locusts B. moths C. enemies D. butterflies

20. A. tell B. advice C. warn D. ask

    From the moment that an animal is has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away. The animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decisions — a matter of life or death.

    Animals ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly form what we may call “genetic (遺傳性的) learning”, which is different from the individual (個體的) learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime. Genetic Learning is learning by a species ---- animals of the same kind ---- as a whole, and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way. However, the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past. The more important individual experience is likely to be, the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning.

    In the great majority of animals, their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound (復(fù)合體) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with. That is why animals can survive.

1.The animal’s life will come to an end _______.

  A. if the animal makes a wrong decision

  B. if the animal plays a dangerous game

  C. when the animal attacks its enemy

  D. when the animal runs too slowly

2.Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because ________.

  A. each generation has its own way of learning

  B. their environments change all the time

  C. they can act reasonably on their own

  D. it takes their whole life to learn

3.When the environment doesn’t change much, ______.

  A. animals cannot act in a right way

  B. genetic learning is less important for animals

  C. individual learning plays a less important role

  D. animals cannot get over problems on their own

4.Animals’ living on generation after generation depends on _______.

  A. their natural action pattern with their own experience

  B. the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime

  C. their experience in particular environments

  D. the knowledge passed on by their parents