題號(hào)1011121314151617答案 查看更多

 

題目列表(包括答案和解析)

2006年白云區(qū)初中畢業(yè)班綜合測(cè)試(一)

物理試題

本試卷分為第一部分(選擇題)和第二部分(非選擇題)兩部分,全卷共六大題,滿分100分,考試時(shí)間80分鐘。

注意事項(xiàng):

1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必在答題卡的第1面和第3面上用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆填寫(xiě)自己的考生號(hào)、姓名;填寫(xiě)考場(chǎng)試室號(hào)、座位號(hào),再用2B鉛筆把對(duì)應(yīng)這兩個(gè)號(hào)碼的標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。

2.選擇題每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案;不能答在試卷上。

3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答,答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng),先劃掉原來(lái)的答案,然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案,改動(dòng)的答案也不能超出指定的區(qū)域;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆、圓珠筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。

4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔,考試結(jié)束時(shí),將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分 選擇題(共36分)

一、選擇題(每小題3分、共36分)

每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有一個(gè)是正確的,選對(duì)的得3分,選錯(cuò)的、不選的,都得0分。

1.下面哪一個(gè)是力的單位?

A.千克 B.牛頓 C.帕斯卡 D.焦耳

2.“月亮在白蓮花般的云朵里穿行”這句歌詞,從運(yùn)動(dòng)和靜止的相對(duì)性的角度來(lái)看是說(shuō)

A.以云彩為參照物,月亮是運(yùn)動(dòng)的

B.以月亮為參照物,云彩是運(yùn)動(dòng)的

C.以地面為參照物,云彩是運(yùn)動(dòng)的

D、以地面為參照物,月亮是運(yùn)動(dòng)的

3. 一束光從空氣中斜射入水中,在水面反生反射和折射,下面哪一個(gè)光路圖是正確的?

4.下列哪一種物態(tài)變化過(guò)程需要放熱?

A.汽化 B.升華 C.凝固 D.蒸發(fā)

5.下列電路圖中,屬于并聯(lián)電路的是

6.如圖3所示,一個(gè)人用一個(gè)定滑輪勻速提起一個(gè)重物,人所用的拉力是F,則下面哪一對(duì)力是相互平衡的?

A.定滑輪所受的重力和繩子b對(duì)定滑輪向上的拉力

B.繩子a對(duì)重物向上的拉力和重物對(duì)繩子a向下的拉力

C.繩子a對(duì)重物向上的拉力和重物所受的重力

D.重物對(duì)繩子a向下的拉力和人對(duì)繩子向下的拉力

7.下列關(guān)于超聲波的說(shuō)法中,正確的是

A.超聲波的頻率很低 B.超聲波的傳播不需要介質(zhì) 

C.人的聽(tīng)覺(jué)可以感受超聲波 D.醫(yī)生利用超聲振動(dòng)擊碎人體內(nèi)的結(jié)石

8.將一個(gè)重4N的物體掛在彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)下面,然后將物體浸沒(méi)在重6N的水中,這時(shí)彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)的示數(shù)為3N,則物體所受的浮力是

A.6N B.3N C.2N D.1N

9.下列事例中哪一個(gè)是用熱傳遞的方式改變物體的內(nèi)能?

A.鋸木頭時(shí)鋸條發(fā)熱 B.汽油機(jī)的做功沖程

C.冬天用熱水袋取暖 D.用打氣筒打氣時(shí)筒壁發(fā)熱

10.如圖4所示,導(dǎo)體ab處于蹄形磁鐵的磁場(chǎng)中,下列哪種情況下電流表發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)?(

A.導(dǎo)體ab向左運(yùn)動(dòng)或向上運(yùn)動(dòng)

B.導(dǎo)體ab向右運(yùn)動(dòng)或向下運(yùn)動(dòng)

C.導(dǎo)體ab向左運(yùn)動(dòng)或向右運(yùn)動(dòng)

D.導(dǎo)體ab向下運(yùn)動(dòng)或向上運(yùn)動(dòng)

11.有兩個(gè)額定功率相同的燈泡,把它們接在電路中時(shí)

A.兩個(gè)燈泡的實(shí)際功率一定相同

B.只有把它們并聯(lián)起來(lái)時(shí)實(shí)際功率才相同

C.只有把它們串聯(lián)起來(lái)時(shí)實(shí)際功率才相同

D.把它們分別接在額定電壓的電路中時(shí)實(shí)際功率才相同

12.如圖所示的電路,電源電壓一定,開(kāi)關(guān)S1閉合,S2斷開(kāi),如果使電流表和電壓表的示數(shù)均增大,則下列操作一定可行的是

A.滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片P不動(dòng),閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S2

B.滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片P不動(dòng),斷開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)S1

C.滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片P向右移

D.滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片P向左移

第二部分 非選擇題(共64分)

注意事項(xiàng):

必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆把答案直接寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上,在本試卷上作答無(wú)效。

二.填空題(每小題4分,共16分)

13.(1)請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下面物態(tài)變化的名稱:廣州春季的“回南天”,地板上濕漉漉的,這是屬于  現(xiàn)象;一夜北風(fēng)過(guò)后地面變干了,這是屬于  現(xiàn)象。

(2)質(zhì)量是200g的水,溫度升高50℃,吸收的熱量是  (水的比熱容是4.2×103J/(kg?℃))。

14.在探究“凸透鏡成像規(guī)律”的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,所用凸透鏡的焦距是10cm,用米尺在水平桌面上畫(huà)一直線并標(biāo)明刻度,將點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭、透鏡、光屏放在這條直線上如圖6所示。

將蠟燭和透鏡固定在圖6所示的位置,左右移動(dòng)光屏始終看不到燭焰在光屏上成像,原因可能是   。重新調(diào)整后,保持蠟燭和透鏡在原來(lái)圖6的位置,移動(dòng)光屏到適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫梢栽诠馄辽系玫綘T焰  (填“正立”或“倒立”)、 (填“放大”或“縮小”)的實(shí)像。

要使?fàn)T焰在光屏上所成的像變大,應(yīng) (填“增大”或“減小”)蠟燭到透鏡的距離,再增大光屏到透鏡的距離。

15.一個(gè)人用一個(gè)動(dòng)滑輪將一重600N的貨物勻速提高2m,如果不計(jì)動(dòng)滑輪重及摩擦,人所用的拉力大小是 ,實(shí)際上人所用的拉力是375N,那么有用功是 ,總功是 ,機(jī)械效率是  。

16.根據(jù)右表數(shù)據(jù),安裝家庭電路選用導(dǎo)線材料時(shí),應(yīng)選用銅導(dǎo)線,這是因?yàn)樵陔娐分秀~導(dǎo)線電阻較 ,產(chǎn)生的熱量較 ;如果要制作一個(gè)滑動(dòng)變阻器,選擇電阻線的材料時(shí),應(yīng)選用  材料的電阻線。

三.作圖題(每小題3分,共9分)

17.重300N的大木箱放在水平地面上,如圖7所示,試用力的示意圖表示地面對(duì)它的支持力F。

18.如圖8所示,發(fā)光點(diǎn)S發(fā)出的一條光線入射到平面鏡上的A點(diǎn),試在圖中作出入射光線的反射光線,并在圖中標(biāo)出發(fā)光點(diǎn)S在平面鏡中所成的虛像S′。如果入射光線與平面鏡的夾角是30°,那么反射角是 。

19.圖9是未畫(huà)出繞線的通電螺線管,螺線管旁邊有一個(gè)小磁針,其穩(wěn)定指向如圖所示,請(qǐng)畫(huà)出螺線管的繞線方法。

四.計(jì)算題(20題7分,21題8分,共15分)

20.有一個(gè)燈泡L1,上面標(biāo)著“6V 3W”字樣,求:

(1)燈泡L1正常發(fā)光時(shí)通過(guò)的電流是多少?燈絲的電阻是多少?

(2)如果將燈泡L1和另一個(gè)燈泡L2串聯(lián)在9V的電源兩端,要使兩燈泡都正常發(fā)光,燈泡L2的額定電壓和額定功率分別是多少?

21.某型號(hào)小轎車油箱的容積是60升,所用的燃料是密度為0.71×103kg/m3的汽油。

(1)該車油箱最多能裝多少kg的汽油?

(2)如果該車的總質(zhì)量是1500kg,4個(gè)車輪的輪胎對(duì)地面的壓強(qiáng)都是2×105Pa,求車的總重量是多少?車與地面接觸的總面積是多少(g取10N/kg)?

(3)該車以20m/s的速度勻速行駛100km時(shí)消耗的燃料是5kg,如果汽油的熱值是4.6×107J/kg,汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的輸出功率是12kW,求有用功和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的熱機(jī)效率分別是多少(保留兩位有效數(shù)字)?

五.問(wèn)答題(5分)

22.某電能表的表面上標(biāo)有“600revs/kW?h”,是表示什么意思?小林同學(xué)觀察家中的電能表時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)電能表上的轉(zhuǎn)盤的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)突然加快,這表示家中的用電情況發(fā)生了什么變化?

六.實(shí)驗(yàn)探究題(23題和24題各6分,25題7分,共19分)

23.圖10是測(cè)定額定電壓是2.5V的小燈泡額定功率的實(shí)驗(yàn)器材(小燈泡的額定功率不大于1.5W)。

(1)請(qǐng)你在圖中用筆劃線代替導(dǎo)線把電路連接完整,注意連線不要交叉。

(2)實(shí)際連接電路時(shí),開(kāi)關(guān)應(yīng)處于 狀態(tài)。

(3)閉合開(kāi)關(guān)后,調(diào)節(jié)滑動(dòng)變阻器,使電壓表的示數(shù)為 。這時(shí)電流表的示數(shù)如圖11所示,電流表的示數(shù)為 ,小燈泡的額定功率為 。

24.(1)圖12中的寒暑表的溫度測(cè)量范圍是  ,讀數(shù)是  。

(2)某同學(xué)用溫度計(jì)測(cè)量熱水的溫度時(shí)如圖13所示,指出其操作錯(cuò)誤的地方:   。

(3)某人在某地方做探究水沸騰的實(shí)驗(yàn),下面表格中記錄了加熱水到沸騰過(guò)程的溫度,從表中的數(shù)據(jù)可看出水沸騰時(shí)的特點(diǎn)是  ,實(shí)驗(yàn)中水沸騰的溫度低于100℃,則估計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的地點(diǎn)在  的地方。

25.請(qǐng)用指定的器材設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)小實(shí)驗(yàn)。所用的器材包括圖14的物品,另外還提供足夠的水。要求寫(xiě)出實(shí)驗(yàn)的操作方法、實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象、從實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論或?qū)嶒?yàn)要驗(yàn)證的結(jié)論(可畫(huà)圖并配文字說(shuō)明)。

實(shí)驗(yàn)一:   。

實(shí)驗(yàn)二:  

2006年白云區(qū)初三物理綜合測(cè)試(一)參考答案及評(píng)分意見(jiàn)

一.選擇題(每小題3分,共36分)

題號(hào)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

答案

B

A

B

C

D

C

D

D

C

C

D

A

二.填空題(每小題4分,共16分)

13.(1)液化 蒸發(fā)  (2)4.2×104J

14.蠟燭、透鏡和光屏不在同一高度 倒立  縮小 減小

15.300N  1200J 1500J 80%

16.小  鎳鉻合金

三.作圖題(每小題3分,共9分)

17. 18.反射角是60° 19.

四.(計(jì)算題20題7分,21題8分,共15分)

20.

(1)(2分) (2分)

(2)因?yàn)榇?lián)U2=U-U1=9V-6V=3V(1分) I1=I2=0.5A(1分)

(1分)

21.

(1)(2分)

(2)(1分)

(1分)

(3)(1分) 

(1分)

(1分)

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的效率(1分)

五.問(wèn)答題(5分)

600revs/kW?h表示每消耗1kW?h的電能轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)600轉(zhuǎn)(3分),電能表轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)加快說(shuō)明家中消耗電能的總功率增大(2分)。

六.實(shí)驗(yàn)探究題(23題和24題各6分,25題7分,共19分)

23.

(1)圖占2分

(2)斷開(kāi)(1分)

(3)2.5V (1分) 0.48A (1分) 1.2W(1分)

24.

(1)-20℃到50℃(2分)

23℃(1分)

(2)溫度計(jì)的玻璃泡碰到容器壁(1分)

(3)溫度不變(1分)  海拔較高的地方(1分)

25.(答對(duì)一個(gè)給4分,其中實(shí)驗(yàn)操作占1分或2分,現(xiàn)象和結(jié)論各占1分)

答案1:先將玻璃杯裝滿水,再用厚紙蓋杯口,兩手將蓋厚紙的杯倒過(guò)來(lái)使杯口向下,松開(kāi)厚紙,厚紙不會(huì)掉下來(lái),說(shuō)明大氣壓存在。

答案2:用手拿薄紙,沿紙上表面吹氣,紙向吹氣的一邊靠攏,說(shuō)明空氣流速越快,壓強(qiáng)越小。

答案3:將玻璃杯壓在水平放置的薄紙上,突然用力沿水平方向?qū)⒓埨,玻璃杯基本不?dòng),說(shuō)明玻璃杯有慣性。

答案4:拿著裝水的玻璃杯可以將水潑出,說(shuō)明水有慣性。

查看答案和解析>>

以下有關(guān)聲音的實(shí)驗(yàn):

甲.放在鐘罩內(nèi)的鬧鐘正在響鈴,抽去鐘罩內(nèi)的空氣,鈴聲逐漸減小.

乙.使正在發(fā)聲的音叉接觸水面,水面濺起水花.

丙.用卡片劃梳子的齒,快劃和慢劃聽(tīng)到的聲音不同。.

丁.在吊著的大鐘下固定一支細(xì)小的筆,把鐘罩敲響后,把紙?jiān)诠P尖下迅速拖過(guò),可以在紙上畫(huà)出一條來(lái)回彎曲的細(xì)線.

請(qǐng)你想一想,甲說(shuō)明了                                                 ;

                            乙和丁說(shuō)明了                                                 

           丙說(shuō)明了                                                 。   

 

題號(hào)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

答案

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

查看答案和解析>>

閱讀下列各小題,根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子,并將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上的相應(yīng)題號(hào)后。
例:______ was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis 
tournament. (delight)
令球迷欣喜的是那位年輕的球員在乒乓球錦標(biāo)賽中表現(xiàn)得極為出色。
答案:What delighted the fans/made the fans delighted
【小題1】With ________, some animals are facing the danger of dying out. (cut)
由于越來(lái)越多的森林被砍伐,一些動(dòng)物正面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。
【小題2】Popularly ________ American films ever made, The Godfather is a milestone of cinema. (regard)
《教父》被普遍認(rèn)為是美國(guó)有史以來(lái)最好的影片之一,是電影界的一個(gè)里程碑。
【小題3】I don’t know ________ in the novel that made him burst into tears. (what)
我不知道是小說(shuō)中的什么東西使他突然淚如泉涌。
【小題4】Little ________ what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance. (care) 
她不在乎外表,她在乎的是自己的工作表現(xiàn)。
【小題5】Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we ________ the train. (miss)
要不是用了一張過(guò)期的列車時(shí)刻表,我們就不會(huì)誤了火車。
【小題6】However ________, I could not read his handwriting. (try)
不論我怎樣努力,還是沒(méi)法看清他寫(xiě)的字。
【小題7】In response to the audience’s great demand, the play ________ in the theatre twice a week. (put) 
應(yīng)觀眾的強(qiáng)烈要求,這部戲?qū)?huì)在這個(gè)劇院每周上演兩次。
【小題8】The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without ________. (ask)
這個(gè)士兵沒(méi)有請(qǐng)假就離開(kāi)營(yíng)地三天。
【小題9】Our understanding of education, work and society is ________ of the earlier generation. (different) 
我們對(duì)教育、工作和社會(huì)的認(rèn)識(shí)和我們上一代人的不同。
【小題10】Things aren’t always ________. (appear)
事情往往不是它們看上去的那樣。

查看答案和解析>>

任務(wù)型閱讀 (共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意:每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。
There are many destructive (破壞性的) forces when it comes to nature, which have destroyed whole cities and killed many people. They’re really terrible, but they occur somewhat often, and this is why you see so many charities these days which focus their efforts on helping people who have been affected by natural disasters.
While the world is a very beautiful place to live in, there will always be parts of the world where natural disasters happen more often than in other places, where properties(財(cái)產(chǎn))and lives are destroyed. Only the people who live in the country where tsunamis and earthquakes as well as other disasters occur experience these, and we can only imagine the suffering that they go through.
For some people out there, the world is cruel, but they have no choice but to stay where they are. A lot of the time people simply cannot afford to move away, as they might not be able to get a job when they leave.
In 2004, there was a tsunami in the Indian Ocean. A tsunami is a large wave that towers hundreds of feet into the air, and covers whole areas when it comes crashing(沖進(jìn)) down on to dry land. This particular tsunami was caused by an earthquake that happened in the middle of the sea, shooting the water away from the ground and towards dry land. This tsunami actually reached thirty meters in height, and was one of the worst waves the world has ever seen. Over 200,000 people were hurt in the disaster.
In 2005, we also saw a hurricane happened in the United States. This hurricane was known as hurricane Katrina, and is perhaps the worst in the history of the world. It happened in 2005 and destroyed millions of properties in the area. It also took the lives of nearly 2,000 American people. It was known that for ten days, the wind swept through the area, meaning the most powerful country in the world became helpless in their attempts to save the people who were affected by the hurricane.
Finally, in 2008 we saw yet another natural disaster. This time it was a cyclone (旋風(fēng)), which is similar to a hurricane but happens in a circular motion (圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)). This cyclone Nargis had been one of the strongest to have ever occurred, causing the death of nearly 150,000 people. All of these were terrible disasters that were unavoidable.
Title: Forces of Nature
Introduction
Destructive forces of nature refer to natural disasters (1) _______ tsunamis and earthquakes.
(2) _______
◆ When these terrible disasters occur in some parts of the world, they (3) _______ properties and lives.
◆ People in these parts go through the (4) _______ that only exists in our imagination.
◆ Some people out there have to (5) _______ where they are. They can’t afford to move away, as jobs in other places might not be (6) _______.
Examples
◆ The 2004 tsunami reached a (7) _______ of thirty meters and it was one of the worst tidal waves in the world. 
◆ The 2005 hurricane known as Katrina swept through parts of
the US, causing great loss. Even the most powerful country could do
(8) _______ to save its people.
◆ The 2008 cyclone called Nargis had been one of the strongest, leaving nearly 150,000 people (9) _______.
Summary
These terrible disasters couldn’t be (10) _______.
 

查看答案和解析>>

以下有關(guān)聲音的實(shí)驗(yàn):

甲.放在鐘罩內(nèi)的鬧鐘正在響鈴,抽去鐘罩內(nèi)的空氣,鈴聲逐漸減小.

乙.使正在發(fā)聲的音叉接觸水面,水面濺起水花.

丙.用卡片劃梳子的齒,快劃和慢劃聽(tīng)到的聲音不同。.

。诘踔拇箸娤鹿潭ㄒ恢Ъ(xì)小的筆,把鐘罩敲響后,把紙?jiān)诠P尖下迅速拖過(guò),可以在紙上畫(huà)出一條來(lái)回彎曲的細(xì)線.

請(qǐng)你想一想,甲說(shuō)明了                                                ;

                            乙和丁說(shuō)明了                                                

          丙說(shuō)明了                                                。   

 

題號(hào)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

答案

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

查看答案和解析>>


同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案