8. The teacher said,“Can you hear me, children?”

→The teacher asked the children if they could hear him.

7. Bob said to Mary,“I saw the film two days ago.”

→Bob told Mary that he had seen the film two days before.

6. The children said,“We’ll be back tomorrow.”

→The children said that they would be back the next day.”

5. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” he said.

→He said that he hadn’t heard from his parents those days.

4. He said,“I repaired the watch yesterday.”

→He said that he had repaired the watch the day before.”

3. “We will come here again tonight,” the students said to the teacher.

→The students told the teacher that they would go there again that night.

2. Mr Smith said, “John is a good student.”

→Mr Smith said that John was a good student.

1. Mary often says, “I want to be a doctor when I grow up.”

→Mary often says that she wants to be a doctor when she grows up.

2. -----time, he will make a first-class tennis player.

A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given

該題的三個關(guān)鍵點：主語he，謂語動作make，非謂語動作give：he與give之間同樣是被動關(guān)系，而ABC均為主動，所以選D。該題如果增加難度，可以加入一個迷惑選項：被動完成式having been given，此項也不可選，因為完成式必須表示動作已發(fā)生過;本題中動作只是一種假設(shè)，尚未發(fā)生。

高中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動詞

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本文將對高中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動詞進行詳細介紹，希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助：

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快速搜索： 高中英語

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本文將對高中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動詞進行詳細介紹，希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助：

情態(tài)動詞的語法特征

1) 情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。

2) 情態(tài)動詞 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。

3) 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。

4) 情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。

比較can 和be able to

1)cancould 表示能力;可能 (過去時用could),

只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。

They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。

2)只用be able to

a. 位于助動詞后。

b. 情態(tài)動詞后。

c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。

d. 用于句首表示條件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.

= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

注意：could不表示時態(tài)

1)提出委婉的請求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。

--- Could I have the television on?

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

2)在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。

He couldn't be a bad man.

他不大可能是壞人。

比較may和might

1) 表示允許或請求;表示沒有把握的推測;may 放在句首，表示祝愿。

May God bless you!

He might be at home.

注意： might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。

2) 成語： may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"不妨"。

If that is the case, we may as well try.

典型例題

Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. mustB. mayC. canD. will

答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。

比較have to和must

1)兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)

He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)

2)have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.

3) 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中： don't have to表示"不必"

mustn't表示"禁止"，

You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。

You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。

must表示推測

1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。

2) must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時， must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進行式。

You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。(對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷)

He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。

比較：

He must be staying there.

他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there.

他必須呆在那。

3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。

4) must表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進行式。

---Why didn't you answer my phone call?

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

5) 否定推測用can't。

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。

表示推測的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：

1)情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。

表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.

2)情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進行時。

表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M行的情況進行推測。

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.

這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。

3)情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時。

表示對過去情況的推測。

We would have finished this work by the end of next December.

明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項工作了。

The road is wet. It must have rained last night.

地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4)情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進行時。

表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。

Your mother must have been looking for you.

你媽媽一定一直在找你。

5)推測的否定形式，疑問形式用can't, couldn't表示。

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐公共汽車來上班的。

注意：could, might表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如can, may。

情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞

1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。

Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2)must have +done sth，對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，語氣較強，具有"肯定"，"諒必"的意思。

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.

---She must have gone by bus.

3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth

本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。

You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事實上已扔了。)

ought to 在語氣上比should 要強。

4) needn't have done sth本沒必要做某事

I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事

I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.

should和ought to

should 和ought to 都為"應(yīng)該"的意思，可用于各種人稱。

---Ought he to go?

---Yes. I think he ought to.

表示要求，命令時，語氣由 should(應(yīng)該)、had better最好)、must(必須)漸強。

had better表示最好

had better 相當(dāng)于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。

had better do sth

had better not do sth

It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.

She'd better not play with the dog.

had better have done sth表示與事實相反的結(jié)果，意為"本來最好"。

You had better have come earlier.

would rather表示"寧愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than…寧愿……而不愿。

還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

高中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)之獨立主格

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本文將對高中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)之獨立主格進行詳細介紹，希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助：

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快速搜索： 高中英語

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本文將對高中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)之獨立主格進行詳細介紹，希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助：

(一)： 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：

名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞;

名詞(代詞)+形容詞;

名詞(代詞)+副詞;

名詞(代詞)+不定式;

名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。