了解本節(jié)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)，掌握初步分析問題方法。

　復(fù)習(xí)中國近代現(xiàn)代史第二單元(1)--洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)和中國資本主義的產(chǎn)生

22. I need a book , one which is cheap but useful.

　 I need a book , which is cheap but useful .

　前一句是簡(jiǎn)單句，　 one 作 book 的同位語；后一句是含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句，先行詞是book 。

21. As is known to all, the problem of pollution is serious.

　 It is known to all that the problem of pollution is serious .

前一句是定語從句，后一句是含有主語從句的主從復(fù)合句，往往學(xué)生搞錯(cuò)這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，以問題形式出現(xiàn)，學(xué)生就會(huì)暴露出問題。

_________ known to everyone , the earth is round .

A. It is　 B. As　　 C. As is　　 D. As it is

正確答案是C。

20.Is _________ that flows through that town ?

A.　　 this river　 B. this the river

此題正確答案為B。如果選A，句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。此句是疑問句，把它變成陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)就清楚了，This river is that flows through that town. (無句意)，試比較：This is the river that flows through that town. (這是一條流經(jīng)那座城鎮(zhèn)的河。)

19. I’d rather you ______ something about it for the time being .

A. did　　　 B. to do　

此句是結(jié)構(gòu)問題，如果填did，把you did something …看成從句，如果填to do ，則把you 看成了賓格形式，前者正確，后者錯(cuò)誤。Would rather 是一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，不可能有賓語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。此題只能選擇A。would rather (that) + 從句 (從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí))

意思為：寧愿某人做某事。

17. _________ was lying .

A. Whoever told you that　　 B. No matter who told you that

Whoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句，no matter who 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句， 不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，橫線處是名詞從句的位置，不是狀語從句的位置，辨認(rèn)狀語從句應(yīng)當(dāng)看逗號(hào)“，”逗號(hào)后有句子主語。例如：No matter who told you that , he was lying .此句中的no matter who 可以用whoever 代替。Whoever told you that , he was lying .

18 ________ shall finish the work before May Day is possible.

A. We　 B. That we　

此題往往在結(jié)構(gòu)上搞錯(cuò)，認(rèn)為意思上完整，不缺少含有意思的引導(dǎo)詞，句意為：五一節(jié)前完成工作是可能的。選擇了A。 其實(shí)，We shall finish the work before May Day is possible. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)是錯(cuò)誤的，May Day 之前是一個(gè)從句，應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞, that 沒有詞義，僅起引導(dǎo)從句的作用。本題的答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是B。

16. Had I known her well , I would have invited her to the party .

當(dāng)你看到would have invited 可以猜疑是虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，had I known her well 部分表示條件，屬于虛擬語氣條件從句省掉if 的情況，相當(dāng)于if had I known her well ,省掉if 時(shí)，句子應(yīng)倒裝，省掉if 共有三種情況，當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是 (1)were　 ;(2)should do　 ;(3) had done 。應(yīng)注意與一般疑問句Had I finished the work before he came back ?的區(qū)別。

15. Having a written examination , ___________ .

A. I am forced to study hard　　 B. it’s necessary that I have to study hard

分詞短語放在句首作狀語，應(yīng)考慮逗號(hào)后主語與分詞的關(guān)系，是否可以做分詞的執(zhí)行者或承受者，此題A項(xiàng)中I 可以做having 的執(zhí)行者，所以選擇A；而B項(xiàng)中的it 不可能做having 的執(zhí)行者或承受者。

14. She must be looking forward as much to his return as he he himself is to _______ her .

A. see　 B. have seen　 C. seeing　 D. having seen

此題選擇C。as…as 結(jié)構(gòu)連接的兩部分應(yīng)該對(duì)等，to his return 與to seeing 對(duì)等，to 是介詞，后跟名詞，有好多學(xué)生不顧as…as 結(jié)構(gòu)，把后一個(gè)to 看成不定式符號(hào)， 而選擇A。