3.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整,需增加"什么時(shí)候"、"什么地點(diǎn)"、"什么方式"等含義,應(yīng)用when,where,how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.
析:he will be back意義不完整,應(yīng)加"什么時(shí)候"的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部?jī)?nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.
析:he went home意義不完整,應(yīng)加"如何"的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部?jī)?nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
2.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整,需增加"是否"的含義,應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。(if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)
例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問題。
析:the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整,應(yīng)加"是否"的含義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部?jī)?nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
1.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整,應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。(即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分,只起連接作用)
例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部?jī)?nèi)容,且意義完整,因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that,whether,what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo),常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名詞后面,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之,同位語(yǔ)從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系,對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說明。
例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。
析:they had won the game說明The news的全部?jī)?nèi)容,因此該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。
第5講 同位語(yǔ)從句
2.誤:Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come?
正:Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come?
譯:你是否因昨晚下雪而沒有來?
析:應(yīng)將when改為that,因?yàn),原句還原為Because it snowed last night,you didn"t come后,在語(yǔ)法和句意上均成立,故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型而非定語(yǔ)從句。
1.誤:It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.
正:It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.
譯:大火發(fā)生在廚房。
析:應(yīng)將where改that,因?yàn)樵溥原為The fire broke out in the kitchen后,在語(yǔ)法和句意上均成立,故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而非定語(yǔ)從句。
2.誤:I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.
正:I don’t believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.
譯:我不相信他所提供的他遲到的原因。
析:應(yīng)改why為that或which,因?yàn)閺木渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has given后缺少賓語(yǔ),而不是缺少原因狀語(yǔ)。
(七)、誤將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句。如:
1.誤:Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?
正:Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?
譯:你是否向他問過可以解釋他缺席的原因?
析:應(yīng)改why為that或which,因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ),而不是少原因狀語(yǔ)。
2.誤:This is the house where we lived in last year.
正:This is the house which/that we lived in last year.
譯:這是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的那個(gè)房子。
析:應(yīng)改where為which或that,因?yàn)閺木渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lived后有介詞in,其后少介詞賓語(yǔ),而不是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
(六)、在先行詞reason后錯(cuò)用關(guān)系副詞why。如:
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