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   位置特征分析,就是通過分析命題特點(diǎn),將元素放到周期表中的準(zhǔn)確位置,然后利用類比法或利用周期律對(duì)元素性質(zhì)進(jìn)行合理的推斷,從而使問題得到解決。

[例1] 已知短周期元素的離子aA2+bB+ 、cC3-、dD-都具有相同的電子層結(jié)構(gòu),則下列敘述中正確的是(   )

     A、原子半徑 A>B>C>D     B、 原子序數(shù)d>c>b>a

C、離子半徑 C>D>B>A     D、 非金屬性 A>B>D>C

解析:由aA2+、bB+cC3-、dD-都具有相同的電子層結(jié)構(gòu),得出A、B、C、D在周期表中的位置為:

 由周期表中的遞變規(guī)律可知:原子半徑:B>A>C>D ; 原子序數(shù):a>b>d>c ; 離子半徑:C>D>B>A ;非金屬性:D>C>A>B 。綜上答案為C。

一種元素的位置、性質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)之間存在著必然聯(lián)系,若能將命題中涉及到的元素準(zhǔn)確定位,巧妙比較,會(huì)使問題迅速解決。

試題詳情

100.You ____  the book to me.You can keep it if you like.

  A.can't return   B.needn't have returned  C.may not return   D.can't have returned

鞏固練習(xí)答案:

1-5 ADBAA   6-10 A DABD    11~15 BACBC   16~20 ADAAC    21~25 ACBBB

26~30 ABBCC    31~35 DDBAB    36-40 CBCDB   41-45 DACBD   46--50  DCBBB 

51-- 55 CDAAB   56--60 BBCBA    61--65 DCAAA   66--70 DDDCB    71--75  BDCDD  

76--80 CABCD   81--85BCCCC    86--90BADBA   91--95 CBBBB   96--100 CBACB

試題詳情

99.I don't know what's the m atter.The train____here an hour ago.

  A.shall arrive    B.should arrive    C.should have arrived  D.ought have arrived

試題詳情

98.I can't find my umbrella.I ____it at the office.

  A.could have left   B.can leave      C.should have left   D.shall have

試題詳情

97.Li Ming ____ to visit his maths teacher last night.(but I am not sure)

  A.must have gone  B.might have gone   C.might go      D.may go

試題詳情

96.I didn't hear the phone.I ____  asleep.

  A.must be      B.should be      C.must have been   D.should have been

試題詳情

95. Sorry, I am late again. I ____ have taken a taxi to come here.

  A. need           B. should           C. will         D.must

試題詳情

94. ---Shall I tell Li Ming about it?  ---No, you _____, he has known-about it already.

  A. oughtn't to          B. needn't        C. shouldn't        D. mustn't

試題詳情

93. ---I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____ I have a look?    ---Yes, certainly.

  A. Do                B. May             C. Shall         D. Should

試題詳情

92. Sir, you ____ be sitting in this seat. It is for women or childen only.

  A. can't           B. oughtn't to      C. won't         D. needn't

試題詳情


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