11.Take place發(fā)生
[比較] happen與take place都有“發(fā)生”的意思,但用法有所不同。
(1)happen指事情的發(fā)生,往往帶有“偶然”,或“未能預(yù)見”的意思。
(2)take place指事先布置或策劃好而后發(fā)生,沒有“偶然”的意味。
[舉例](1) If anything happens to the patient, let me know at once.
如果這位病人發(fā)生什么意外,請馬上告訴我。
(2) I happened to meet him in the park that day.
那天我碰巧在公園遇到了他。
(3) The December Ninth Movement took place in 1935.
“一二·九”運動發(fā)生在1935年.
[注意]take place與happen都是不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài),例如:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
10.population人口
[用法]population,作“人口”解時是集體名詞,一般不用作復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)我們說一個城市,地區(qū)或國家的人口時,常加冠詞。如:人口眾多:has a large population,有……人口has a population of...。表示人口多、少一般不用much,little,而用large,small來修飾。問有多少人口時應(yīng)用疑問詞what。
[舉例] Our country has a large population.我國人口很多。
The city has a population of 100,000.那城市有十萬人口。
What is the population of your province?你們省有多少人口?
[注意] 當(dāng)population作主語指人,且賓語或表語是表職業(yè)或身份的詞,那么其謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Most of the population in this factory are women workers.
這個工廠大部分職工都是女職工。
9.refer to涉及;說到;查閱;參考
[用法]refer to中的to為介詞,表示“提及、涉及”的對象。
[舉例](1) what are you referring to ?你指的是什么?
(2) I thought that he had referred to the boy.我想他指的是那個男孩。
(3) The speaker often referred to his notes.那位演講者?此墓P記。
(4) He referred to the dictionary.他參考了那本詞典。
[比較]refer..to...為“把……提交”“指點…‘交付”,其中的t。也為介詞,例如:
(1) We referred her to a doctor.我們把她交給了醫(yī)生。
(2) He referred me to the dictionary.他吩咐我查字典。
8.sign vt.vi.署名、簽字(約)
[舉例](1) He signed the check.他簽發(fā)了支票。
(2) Please sign here.請在此簽名。
(3) He signed his name on the painting which he had just finished.
他在剛剛完成的畫上寫上了自己的名字。
(4) She signed with the company. 她與那家公司簽署了合約。
[拓展]sign也可以用作名詞,作“記號、標(biāo)識、信號、跡象”等。例如:
(1) maths signs 數(shù)學(xué)符號
(2) the sign of a barber's shop理發(fā)店的標(biāo)志
(3) The teacher made a sign to us to be quiet.
老師做了一個手勢叫我們安靜。
(4) There were no signs of life on the island.
那個島上沒有生物存在的跡象。
7.by不遲于,到……為止
[用法]by表示“不遲于某時”,“在某時之前(已經(jīng)完成)”,常與完成時態(tài)連用;若指“到過去的某一時候止”,則用過去完成時;有時by后接將來時間,也用將來時。
[舉例](1) Perhaps she has recovered by now.或許到現(xiàn)在她已康復(fù)了。
(2) By next Friday I ought to have finished the job.
到下周五,我應(yīng)完成這項工作。
(3)By the end of last term,We had studied more than five hundred English words.到上學(xué)期末為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了500多英語單詞。
(4) Your son will be all right by supper time.你兒子到晚飯時會好的。
6.settle安排;料理;解決;決定;使平靜;安靜;安家;家居
[舉例](1) The moment she got up, she settled her room.她一起來就整理房間。
(2) That settles the matter.事情就這樣定了。
(3) He settled in the country after his retirement.他退休后定居在鄉(xiāng)下。
(4) The family finally settled down in Canada.這一家最后定居加拿大。
5.be famous for以……聞名
[舉例] He is famous for his fine acting.他以演技精湛著稱。
China has been famous for its silk trade.中國以絲綢貿(mào)易著稱。
[比較] be famous for/be famous as,
be famous as表示“以……身份聞名”,be famous for是“以……而著名”。
[舉例]The town is famous as a gambling resort. 該城是個著名的賭場。
He is rather famous as a speechmaker. 他作為一個演說家是相當(dāng)有名的。
The boy is famous for his handwriting. 這個男孩以他的書法而聞名。
4.same adj.同一的,同樣的
[搭配] the same.., as 與……一樣the same.., that 是……同一個
at the same time 同時 all the same 盡管,如此,仍然
[舉例](1)We are the same age. 我們同歲。
(2)Let's meet at the same place as yesterday.
我們在跟昨天一樣的地方見面。
(3)That jacket is the same as mine. 那上衣與我的一樣。
(4)This is the same pen that I lost. 這正是我遺失的那支鋼筆。
(5)They began to laugh at the same time. 他們同時笑了起來。
(6)He has faults, but I like him all the same.
他有缺點,然而我還是喜歡他。
3.Surround vt.包圍、環(huán)繞
[用法]surround指一物四周被另一物圍繞或完全覆蓋;也可指人(尤指土兵或警察)包圍一個地方。
[舉例](1) The house was surrounded by high walls.房屋四周圍著高墻。
(2) The whole cake is surrounded by a thick coat of jelly.
整個蛋糕覆蓋著一層厚厚的果凍。
(3) The village was surrounded by troops.村莊被部隊包圍了。
(4) They have surrounded the town with troops.
他們動用部隊包圍了這座城鎮(zhèn)。
2.be made up of 由....組成
[舉例] Our class is made up of six groups. 我們班由六個小組組成。
[比較] be made up of / be made with / be made out of / be made into
(1) be made with指制成品中包含的某種原材料,是“由……做成的”的意思。
A fruit cake is made with fruit. 水果蛋糕是用水果制成的。
(2) be made out of 指做成整個成品的材料,多用于口語,意思和be made of/from差不多,只 是語氣強一些。
The shirt is made out of the material. 這襯衫是用這種料子做成的。
(3) be made into是指“某種原料制成某種成品”。
Wool has been made into sweaters. 羊毛已做成羊毛衫了。
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