15. year after year
[用法]year after year 作“年復一年地”“一年又一年地”解,常表示每年重復。
[舉例](1)Do not make the same kind of tools year after year.
不要年復一年地生產(chǎn)同一品種的工具。
(2)We used to go to the mountain village for a holiday year after year.
我們以前年年都去那個山村度假。
(3)Year after year we have had a Christmas card from Dick.
我們年年都收到迪克寄來的圣誕卡。
[辨析] year by year作“一年一年地”“逐年”解,常表示逐年的轉(zhuǎn)變。因此準確地說,year after year 是“年年(重復)”的意思,而year by year是“逐年(變化)”的意思。
[舉例](1) The boy grows taller year by year.
這男孩長得一年比·一年高了。(逐年在變)
(2) Year after year the boy comes to see me on my birthday.
這男孩年年在我生日時都來看我。(年年如此)
14. advanced adj. 高等的;先進的;超前的
[舉例]advanced studies高深的研究
have advanced ideas 有先進的思想
advanced experience 先進經(jīng)驗
[拓展] advance n. & v. 前進;推進;促進
[舉例]recent advances in medical science 醫(yī)學上的新進展
The general advanced his troops at night. 將軍夜里將部隊向前推進。
Our troops have advanced two miles. 我們的部隊已經(jīng)前進了兩英里。
[搭配]in advance ( of sth) (習語)預先;事先;事前
The rent must be paid in advance. 租金須預付。
It's impossible to know in advance what will happen.
預知未來發(fā)生的事是不可能的。
13. lead to prep. 引起;造成;導致(后接名詞、代詞或 -ing形式)
[舉例] The accident led to many deaths. 那次事故使許多人死亡。
His carelessness led to his failure. 他的粗心大意導致了他的失敗。
Sleeping late at night leads to his being late for work.
晚上睡晚了使他上班遲到。
[拓展] look forward to (盼望);get used to (習慣于);pay attention to (注意);get down to (開始做某事);stick to(堅持)等詞組中to均為介詞,其后接sth.或doing sth.
12. "no matter + 疑問連詞 + 讓步從句 + 主句” 的用法
[用法]no matter+ 疑問連詞”用來引導讓步狀語從句;當主句用一般將來時,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
[舉例] (1)No matter what the matter may be, do your best.
無論是什么事,盡你的能力去做吧。
(2)No matter how difficult the task may be, We must finish it on time.
無論任務有多艱巨,我們必須按時完成。
(3)No matter who comes, I'll not stay at home.
不管誰來.我都不呆在家里。
11. extra adj.額外的;特別的;另處的;adv.特別地;格外地;非常
[舉例] They need some extra money.語)他們還需要一些錢。
He got extra pay for extra work.他由于加班而得到額外的報酬。
You've done a good deal of extra work recently.你最近大量加班。
Dinner costs 3 yuan, and wine is extra. 飯錢3元,酒錢另算。
The coffee is extra strong this morning. 今早的咖啡非常濃。
I have to be at the office extra early tomorrow morning.
我特地明天一大早上班。
He works extra hard. 他特別努力。
10. not...but...不是……而是……
[用法] not…but個連詞詞組,作 ”不是……而是……”解,連接兩個并列的成分,表示意思上的轉(zhuǎn)折。
[舉例](1) He is not English, but American.
他不是英國人,而是美國人。(連接兩個表語)
(2) The servant can't read and write in English, but can speak English fluently.
這個仆人不能讀英浯和寫英語,但卻能流利地說英語。(連接兩個謂語)
(3) They need not money but farm labourers.
他們不需要錢,而需要勞動力。(連接兩個賓語)
(4)Not the students but the teacher is hoping to go there.
不是學生而在老師希望去那兒。(連接兩個主
[注意]”not…but”連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞要與緊靠它的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持-致。
[舉例] Not the teacher but the students are hoping to go there.
不是老師而是學生希望去那兒。
9.1atest adj.最近的;最新的(= recent)
[舉例] (1)the latest news最新消息
(2)There were several clashes before this latest incident.
在這次事件發(fā)生之前有過幾次沖突。
[搭配] at the latest(=no later than) 至遲,最晚
Passengers should check in one hour before their flight time at the 1atest.乘客至遲應在班機起飛前-小時辦理登機手續(xù)。
[比較] latest/1ate/later/1ately
(1)late adj. & adv.晚、遲
(2)late adv.“以后;后來”,單獨用或放于一段時間之后。
(3)lately adv.近來;不久前
[舉例] (1)Because of the cold weather the crops are late this year.
因天氣寒冷,今年的作物成熟很晚。
(2)It happened late last century in 1895, to be exact.
事情發(fā)生在上個世紀末一準確地說,在1895年。
(3)At first things went on well, but later we ran into trouble.
起初事情進展得很順利,但后來我們遇到了麻煩。
(4)We've been doing a lot of gardening lately.
近來我們做了許多園藝工作。
8.depend on 取決于…, 隨…而定
[舉例](1)The time of departure depends on the weather.出發(fā)時間視天氣而定。
(2)Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
我們的成功取決于每個人是否努力工作。
[注意] depend on的這種用法不能用被動語態(tài)。
7. harm n. vt.
[用法](1)harm作名詞指“(物質(zhì)上或精神上的)害、傷害、害處”,經(jīng)常構(gòu)成短語
do... harm (傷害……,危害……,對……有害處)
(2)作及物動詞為“傷害……,為害……,對……有害”。
[舉例](1)I mean no harm. 我并無惡意。
(2)There's no harm in calling him. .打電話對他并沒有什么害處。
(3)Smoking does great harm to your health. 吸煙有害你的身體健康。
(4)I harmed my eyes by reading in dim light.
我在昏暗的燈光下看書傷害了眼睛。
[拓展]harm 的形容詞為harmful (有害的), harmless(無害的), 可構(gòu)成短語 be harmful /harmless to…“對……有害/無害”。
[舉例](1)Too much rain is harmful to the crops. 降雨過多對農(nóng)作物有害。
(2)These insects are harmless to the crops這些昆蟲對農(nóng)作物無害。
6. bring in
[用法](1)作“把……拿進來”(可分開用)
(2)(某人)賺人……;(資金等)生息;產(chǎn)生(利益),獲利。
[舉例](1)Bring the washing in, it looks like rain.
把洗好的衣服收起來,好像要下雨了。
(2)More advanced machines have been brought in from abroad.
已從國外引進了更多的先進機器。
(3)He brings in an extra hundred dollars a month from his new job.
他的新工作使他每月多賺100美元!
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