4.(2009·濟(jì)寧模擬) 魏晉南北朝時(shí)期,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的突出特點(diǎn)是 ( )
A.寺院經(jīng)濟(jì)占主導(dǎo)地位 B.北方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較快
C.南北經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展趨于平衡 D.經(jīng)濟(jì)重心開(kāi)始南移
答案 C
3.北方勞動(dòng)人民南遷對(duì)南方生產(chǎn)發(fā)展最直接的影響在于 ( )
①充實(shí)了江南勞動(dòng)力 ②帶去了先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù) ③導(dǎo)致南方人觀念更新 ④促進(jìn)了民族之間的融合
A.①② B.②③ C.①④ D.①③
答案 A
2.(2007·江蘇)東晉南朝時(shí)期,江南經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,乃至有“江南之為國(guó)盛矣”的贊嘆。該時(shí)期江南開(kāi)發(fā)的主要因素不包括 ( )
A.北方大量人口南遷 B.民族融合進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)
C.統(tǒng)治者推行勸課農(nóng)桑等政策 D.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品商品化程度高
答案 D
1.下圖中,東晉南朝經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)成就最突出的地區(qū)是 ( )
A.① B.② C.③ D.④
答案 C
例1:定義在R上的非常數(shù)函數(shù)滿足:f (10+x)為偶函數(shù),且f (5-x) = f (5+x),則f (x)一定是( ) (第十二屆希望杯高二 第二試題)
(A)是偶函數(shù),也是周期函數(shù) (B)是偶函數(shù),但不是周期函數(shù)
(C)是奇函數(shù),也是周期函數(shù) (D)是奇函數(shù),但不是周期函數(shù)
解:∵f (10+x)為偶函數(shù),∴f (10+x) = f (10-x).
∴f (x)有兩條對(duì)稱軸 x = 5與x =10 ,因此f (x)是以10為其一個(gè)周期的周期函數(shù), ∴x =0即y軸也是f (x)的對(duì)稱軸,因此f (x)還是一個(gè)偶函數(shù)。
故選(A)
例2:設(shè)定義域?yàn)镽的函數(shù)y = f (x)、y = g(x)都有反函數(shù),并且f(x-1)和g-1(x-2)函數(shù)的圖像關(guān)于直線y = x對(duì)稱,若g(5) = 1999,那么f(4)=( )。
(A) 1999; (B)2000; (C)2001; (D)2002。
解:∵y = f(x-1)和y = g-1(x-2)函數(shù)的圖像關(guān)于直線y = x對(duì)稱,
∴y = g-1(x-2) 反函數(shù)是y = f(x-1),而y = g-1(x-2)的反函數(shù)是:y = 2 + g(x), ∴f(x-1) = 2 + g(x), ∴有f(5-1) = 2 + g(5)=2001
故f(4) = 2001,應(yīng)選(C)
例3.設(shè)f(x)是定義在R上的偶函數(shù),且f(1+x)= f(1-x),當(dāng)-1≤x≤0時(shí),
f (x) = -x,則f (8.6 ) = _________ (第八屆希望杯高二 第一試題)
解:∵f(x)是定義在R上的偶函數(shù)∴x = 0是y = f(x)對(duì)稱軸;
又∵f(1+x)= f(1-x) ∴x = 1也是y = f (x) 對(duì)稱軸。故y = f(x)是以2為周期的周期函數(shù),∴f (8.6 ) = f (8+0.6 ) = f (0.6 ) = f (-0.6 ) = 0.3
例4.函數(shù) y = sin (2x + )的圖像的一條對(duì)稱軸的方程是( )(92全國(guó)高考理) (A) x = - (B) x = - (C) x = (D) x =
解:函數(shù) y = sin (2x + )的圖像的所有對(duì)稱軸的方程是2x + = k+
∴x = -,顯然取k = 1時(shí)的對(duì)稱軸方程是x = - 故選(A)
例5. 設(shè)f(x)是定義在R上的奇函數(shù),且f(x+2)= -f(x),當(dāng)0≤x≤1時(shí),
f (x) = x,則f (7.5 ) = ( )
(A) 0.5 (B) -0.5 (C) 1.5 (D) -1.5
解:∵y = f (x)是定義在R上的奇函數(shù),∴點(diǎn)(0,0)是其對(duì)稱中心;
又∵f (x+2 )= -f (x) = f (-x),即f (1+ x) = f (1-x), ∴直線x = 1是y = f (x) 對(duì)稱軸,故y = f (x)是周期為2的周期函數(shù)。
∴f (7.5 ) = f (8-0.5 ) = f (-0.5 ) = -f (0.5 ) =-0.5 故選(B)
函 數(shù) |
對(duì)稱中心坐標(biāo) |
對(duì)稱軸方程 |
y = sin x |
( kπ, 0 ) |
x = kπ+π/2 |
y = cos x |
( kπ+π/2 ,0 ) |
x = kπ |
y = tan x |
(kπ/2 ,0 ) |
無(wú) |
注:①上表中k∈Z
②y = tan x的所有對(duì)稱中心坐標(biāo)應(yīng)該是(kπ/2 ,0 ),而在岑申、王而冶主編的浙江教育出版社出版的21世紀(jì)高中數(shù)學(xué)精編第一冊(cè)(下)及陳兆鎮(zhèn)主編的廣西師大出版社出版的高一數(shù)學(xué)新教案(修訂版)中都認(rèn)為y = tan x的所有對(duì)稱中心坐標(biāo)是( kπ, 0 ),這明顯是錯(cuò)的。
定理4. 函數(shù)y = f (x)與y = 2b-f (2a-x)的圖像關(guān)于點(diǎn)A (a ,b)成中心對(duì)稱。
定理5. ①函數(shù)y = f (x)與y = f (2a-x)的圖像關(guān)于直線x = a成軸對(duì)稱。
②函數(shù)y = f (x)與a-x = f (a-y)的圖像關(guān)于直線x +y = a成軸對(duì)稱。
③函數(shù)y = f (x)與x-a = f (y + a)的圖像關(guān)于直線x-y = a成軸對(duì)稱。
定理4與定理5中的①②證明留給讀者,現(xiàn)證定理5中的③
設(shè)點(diǎn)P(x0 ,y0)是y = f (x)圖像上任一點(diǎn),則y0 = f (x0)。記點(diǎn)P( x ,y)關(guān)于直線x-y = a的軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為P‘(x1, y1),則x1 = a + y0 , y1 = x0-a ,∴x0 = a + y1 , y0= x1-a 代入y0 = f (x0)之中得x1-a = f (a + y1) ∴點(diǎn)P‘(x1, y1)在函數(shù)x-a = f (y + a)的圖像上。
同理可證:函數(shù)x-a = f (y + a)的圖像上任一點(diǎn)關(guān)于直線x-y = a的軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)也在函數(shù)y = f (x)的圖像上。故定理5中的③成立。
推論:函數(shù)y = f (x)的圖像與x = f (y)的圖像關(guān)于直線x = y 成軸對(duì)稱。
定理1.函數(shù) y = f (x)的圖像關(guān)于點(diǎn)A (a ,b)對(duì)稱的充要條件是
f (x) + f (2a-x) = 2b
證明:(必要性)設(shè)點(diǎn)P(x ,y)是y = f (x)圖像上任一點(diǎn),∵點(diǎn)P( x ,y)關(guān)于點(diǎn)A (a ,b)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P‘(2a-x,2b-y)也在y = f (x)圖像上,∴ 2b-y = f (2a-x)
即y + f (2a-x)=2b故f (x) + f (2a-x) = 2b,必要性得證。
(充分性)設(shè)點(diǎn)P(x0,y0)是y = f (x)圖像上任一點(diǎn),則y0 = f (x0)
∵ f (x) + f (2a-x) =2b∴f (x0) + f (2a-x0) =2b,即2b-y0 = f (2a-x0) 。
故點(diǎn)P‘(2a-x0,2b-y0)也在y = f (x) 圖像上,而點(diǎn)P與點(diǎn)P‘關(guān)于點(diǎn)A (a ,b)對(duì)稱,充分性得征。
推論:函數(shù) y = f (x)的圖像關(guān)于原點(diǎn)O對(duì)稱的充要條件是f (x) + f (-x) = 0
定理2. 函數(shù) y = f (x)的圖像關(guān)于直線x = a對(duì)稱的充要條件是
f (a +x) = f (a-x) 即f (x) = f (2a-x) (證明留給讀者)
推論:函數(shù) y = f (x)的圖像關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的充要條件是f (x) = f (-x)
定理3. ①若函數(shù)y = f (x) 圖像同時(shí)關(guān)于點(diǎn)A (a ,c)和點(diǎn)B (b ,c)成中心對(duì)稱(a≠b),則y = f (x)是周期函數(shù),且2| a-b|是其一個(gè)周期。
②若函數(shù)y = f (x) 圖像同時(shí)關(guān)于直線x = a 和直線x = b成軸對(duì)稱 (a≠b),則y = f (x)是周期函數(shù),且2| a-b|是其一個(gè)周期。
③若函數(shù)y = f (x)圖像既關(guān)于點(diǎn)A (a ,c) 成中心對(duì)稱又關(guān)于直線x =b成軸對(duì)稱(a≠b),則y = f (x)是周期函數(shù),且4| a-b|是其一個(gè)周期。
①②的證明留給讀者,以下給出③的證明:
∵函數(shù)y = f (x)圖像既關(guān)于點(diǎn)A (a ,c) 成中心對(duì)稱,
∴f (x) + f (2a-x) =2c,用2b-x代x得:
f (2b-x) + f [2a-(2b-x) ] =2c………………(*)
又∵函數(shù)y = f (x)圖像直線x =b成軸對(duì)稱,
∴ f (2b-x) = f (x)代入(*)得:
f (x) = 2c-f [2(a-b) + x]…………(**),用2(a-b)-x代x得
f [2 (a-b)+ x] = 2c-f [4(a-b) + x]代入(**)得:
f (x) = f [4(a-b) + x],故y = f (x)是周期函數(shù),且4| a-b|是其一個(gè)周期。
70.The underlined word “precautions” means ___________.
A.special medicines to some diseases
B.a(chǎn)greements signed by both sides
C.things done in advance to prevent problems
D.instructions on health problems by doctors
答案 66.A 67.C 68.D 69.B 70.C
69.We can learn from the text that ___________.
A.Leanne is from Indonesia and knows very well about the coming trip
B.the students are able to attend some lessons during their trip
C.the students going on the trip will cost nothing
D.the speaker is likely to come from the government
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