6、影響人口模式轉(zhuǎn)變的因素:生產(chǎn)力水平、國家政策、自然環(huán)境、社會福利、文化觀念
5、人口增長模式與相應(yīng)人口問題
人口增長 人口問題
歷 原始低增長階段--“高高低”模式--原始型 人口增長過快
史 加速增長階段---“高低高”模式--傳統(tǒng)型------兒童比重過大
軌 增長減緩階段-- 人口增長緩慢
跡 低速增長階段--“低低低”模式--現(xiàn)代型-------人口老齡化
4、人口的發(fā)展一定要與經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào),與環(huán)境的承載力相適應(yīng)。
3、發(fā)達國家與發(fā)展中國家人口增長差異
|
自然增長率水平 |
人口增長特點及成因 |
今后變化趨勢 |
發(fā)達國家 |
保持較低水平 |
受生育觀念、生活質(zhì)量、社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平影響,增長緩慢 |
今后幾十年,人口數(shù)量將比較穩(wěn)定,一些國家還會逐漸減少 |
發(fā)展中國家 |
水平較高 |
由于政治獨立,民族經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)進步,死亡率下降,人口增長很快 |
采取了控制人口的措施,人口增長速度將趨緩,但人口數(shù)量還將增加 |
中國 |
水平較低 |
增長緩慢 |
人口基數(shù)大 |
2、人口自然增長最根本因素:生產(chǎn)力水平的高低
決定因素:自然增長率、出生率、死亡率
1、10年來人口增長
歷史時期 |
人類的生產(chǎn)勞動 |
人口數(shù)量和增長情況 |
人口變化的原因 |
農(nóng)業(yè)革命之前 |
主要從事采集和狩獵 |
人口數(shù)量化少,增長緩慢 |
人們獲取食物的能力低,抵御疾病和災(zāi)難水平差,死亡率高 |
農(nóng)業(yè)革命至工業(yè)革命期間 |
利用簡單的工具從事農(nóng)業(yè)活動 |
人口數(shù)量增多,增長速度加快 |
耕作和灌溉技術(shù)發(fā)展,食物供應(yīng)變得穩(wěn)定而可靠,死亡率下降 |
工業(yè)革命以后 |
工業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動迅速擴大和發(fā)展 |
人口數(shù)量繼續(xù)增加,增長速度更加迅猛 |
用科學(xué)技術(shù)武裝起來的人類不斷壯大著改造自然的能力,人們能獲得充足的食物和完善的醫(yī)療服務(wù),死亡率降低 |
第二節(jié) 寫作(共35分) 假如你是李華,你的美國筆友Jack來信詢問你平時周末的生活情況,請根據(jù)下列提示寫一封回信。 1.學(xué)習(xí)…… 2.休閑…… 3.其他…… 注意: 1.詞數(shù):l00左右; . 2.格式已給出,不計人總詞數(shù)。 Jan.2,2010 Dear Jack,
第一節(jié):單項填空(共15小題,每小題1分,滿分15分)
21. In face of _______ failure , it is the most important to keep up__________good state of mood . A. /; a B. a; / C. the; / D. /; the 22. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind , _______ they hunt them for food . A. if B while C. unless D. as 23.____ Sunday, the students are at home. A. Being B. To be C. It is D. It being 24. In front of the farmhouse ______. A.lay a poor man B.laid a poor man C.a(chǎn) poor man lay D.did a poor man lie
25 the weather,the sports meet will be held on time.
A. Instead of B. In relation to C. Regardless of D. In favor of 26. This book_______a true story of how one person can make a difference in the lives of other people. A. will tell B. has told C. tells D. told 27._________some of the wine -- perhaps you will enjoy it. A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried 28. - Are they coming to help us? -- ____________. A. I do so B. I do hope C. I hope they do D. I hope so 29. Astronaut Zhai Zhigang has become the first Chinese________ in space. A. walking B. walked C. walks D. to walk 30. A plan has been put forward __ more graduates should go to work in the country A. when B. that C. whether D. how 31. Shy people often avoid situations _________ require close contact with other people. A. that B. what C. when D. where 32. - The drunk driver wishes he _________ so many injuries in the accident. - But he _________. A. hadn't caused; had B. didn't cause; did C. hadn't caused; did D. hasn't caused; has 33. The influence the parents _________ on their children _________ great. A. take; are B. take; is C. have; are D. have; is 34. Look! She is coming here and there _________. A. goes the bus B. going the bus C. the bus goes D. the bus going 35. He works in Beijing but knows much about London, for he _____ there for a long time.
A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. has been living 第二節(jié) 完型填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分) "Daddy" Bruce Randolph was around five-feet-eight and slightly built.At the age of sixty-one, he 36 Daddy Bruce's Barbecue Restaurant in the "Five Points" area, a 37 section of Denver.There is debate about 38 his ribs(排骨) were the best in town but no debate on the man himself.He fed people - not just his 39 , but the poor and the homeless.Every Thanksgiving, Daddy and his son began 40 for the crowds of the homeless.He wanted them to have a great 41 on the one day this country celebrates Thanksgiving. In the 42 years of his project, he paid for everything out-of-pocket.But as time went by, the 43 sky-rocketed as the crowds grew.That's when Daddy's admirers, athletes, politicians, policemen 44 others stepped in to 45 .They donated tons of turkeys, potatoes and ribs and even donated their 46 to stand beside the old man and volunteered to cook and 47 . It seemed there was an endless 48 of food to feed the crowds.No one ever walked away 49 from Daddy Bruce.It was Daddy who started the whole thing and managed it 50 a few year ago when he edged toward ninety.He had become too 51 to work anymore.He was one of few people who lived to see a city street 52 in his honor-"Bruce Randolph Boulevard".A couple of years later.Daddy Bruce died.When asked why he 53 to feed the thousands of poor and hungry people for over twenty-five years, his 54 was simple, "You can't beat love.If you give just one thing, you get more things 55 .That's why I do it." 36.A.built B.opened C.passed D.sold 37.A.poor B.rich C.beautiful D.lonely 38.A.what B.why C.where D.whether 39.A.customers B.a(chǎn)dmirers C.friends D.volunteers 40.A.cooking B.looking C.caring D.waiting 41.A.holiday B.surprise C.dinner D.thank 42.A.early B.later C.past D.recent 43.A.prices B.foods C.customers D.costs 44.A.a(chǎn)s soon as B.a(chǎn)s many as C.a(chǎn)s far as D.a(chǎn)s well as 45.A.pay B.buy C.interview D.help 46.A.money B.time C.dinner D.food 47.A.serve B.pay C.eat D.share 48.A.supply B.hope C.exchange D.production 49.A.happy B.a(chǎn)ngry C.thankful D.hungry 50.A.before B.a(chǎn)fter C.until D.since 51.A.long B.old C.hopeless D.discouraged 52.A.named B.remembered C.built D.praised 53.A.helped B.supported C.expected D.volunteered 54.A.question B.love C.reply D.plan 55.A.a(chǎn)way B.back C.out D.down
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