Question

【題目】A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry,urging antitrust（反壟斷）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants（巨頭）that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.

Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.

But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.

This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required — and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.

The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(資產(chǎn)) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.

The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form it. Govemments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.

Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don’t wants a data oconomy by a few giants, they must act soon.

【1】Why is there a call to break up giants?

A. They have controlled the data market

B. They collect enormous private data

C. They no longer provide free services

D. They dismissed some new-born giants

【2】What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?

A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive

B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms

C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position

D. Data can be turned into new services or products

【3】By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could .

A. kill a new threat B. avoid the size trap

C. favour bigger firms D. charge higher prices

【4】What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?

A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.

B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.

C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.

D. Small companies could get more opportunities.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了數(shù)據(jù)信息壟斷企業(yè)的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致的后果以及反壟斷的措施、對(duì)反對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)壟斷的未來(lái)展望。

【1】A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants（巨頭）that deal in data, the oil of the digital age.和第二段第一句Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.可知，人們呼吁打破壟斷的原因是因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)信息壟斷機(jī)構(gòu)控制了數(shù)據(jù)市場(chǎng)，故選A項(xiàng)。注意B項(xiàng)中private data，文中并沒(méi)有提到私人數(shù)據(jù)，是易錯(cuò)項(xiàng)。

【2】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power.可知，數(shù)據(jù)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為新的服務(wù)和商品，被賣給其他公司；互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的控制給了它們巨大的力量。據(jù)此可以判斷，說(shuō)明了數(shù)據(jù)增強(qiáng)了壟斷公司的控制地位，故選C項(xiàng)。

【3】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(資產(chǎn)) when assessing the impact of deals.可知，反壟斷組織在傳統(tǒng)上用公司的大小來(lái)決定何時(shí)介入，而現(xiàn)在則要考慮公司的資產(chǎn)規(guī)模和數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)模來(lái)評(píng)估；據(jù)此可知，關(guān)注數(shù)據(jù)評(píng)估，旨在避免陷入傳統(tǒng)的“以公司大小”評(píng)估的陷阱，故選B項(xiàng)。

【4】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段中的Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofonlineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.和第六段內(nèi)容可知，第二個(gè)原則是放松對(duì)在線服務(wù)提供商的控制，使其對(duì)提供數(shù)據(jù)的人有更多的控制權(quán)；據(jù)此可以判斷，放松控制的目的是讓小公司更有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展，故選D項(xiàng)。