Question

【題目】 Many people dream of travelling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems, according to NASA. That’s why astronauts shouldn’t spend more than six months on the International Space Station(ISS) at a time.

Muscle(肌肉) and boneless

In a weightless environment, astronauts don’t need to use their muscles to support themselves. Therefore, their muscles start shrinking(萎縮). To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise about 2 hours each day on the ISS. The weightless environment also causes astronauts bones to lose minerals, with density( 密 度 ) dropping at over 1 percent per month. The rate of bone loss for elderly people on Earth is 1 to 1.5 percent per year.

Sleep disorder(混亂)

In space, the Sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall, which is uncomfortable. Astronauts now have individual sleeping pods(分離倉) that help shut out some of the light. Still, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours.

Brain changes

Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. It shifts upward within the skull( 頭 骨 ). This can affect how the brain deals with how we see, stay balanced and move around.

That’s why some astronauts can’t control their movement and balance after returning to the earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. But they still need to do more research.

【1】Astronauts suffer muscle problems after returning to the earth because ______ .

A.they are too busy to exercise in spaceB.they don’t have enough room to exercise in space

C.they don’t use their muscles in spaceD.they rarely walk while in space

【2】Astronauts sleep in individual sleeping pods to ______ .

A.shut out lightB.stay warm at night

C.enjoy a quiet atmosphereD.prevent themselves from floating around

【3】How can astronauts deal with the problem of losing their balance?

A.They can walk upside-down on the earth.B.They can go on more spaceflights.

C.They can take some medicine.D.They can sleep more and rest.

【4】What’s the best title for this passage: _______ .

A.Dream of travelling into spaceB.Health problems in space

C.Muscle and bone loss in spaceD.Astronauts in space

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了宇航員長期在太空可能產(chǎn)生的各種健康問題。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段開頭兩句話“In a weightless environment, astronauts don’t need to use their muscles to support themselves. Therefore, their muscles start shrinking(萎縮).”可知宇航員在失重的環(huán)境中不需要使用肌肉，因此他們的肌肉開始萎縮，所以肌肉萎縮的原因是宇航員在太空中不使用肌肉，故選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Astronauts now have individual sleeping pods(分離倉) that help shut out some of the light.”可知宇航員睡在分離艙是為了隔離光線，故選A。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights.”可知，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)如果宇航員們多進(jìn)行幾次太空飛行可能會更好地處理失衡問題，故選B。

【4】標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段和三個小標(biāo)題可知，文章主要介紹了宇航員在太空失重的環(huán)境中肌肉會萎縮，骨密度下降快，睡眠會紊亂，返回地球后會失衡等問題；這些都是宇航員在太空中可能會遇到的健康問題，則選項B最適合作為本文的標(biāo)題，故選B。

對于閱讀理解中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題，需要采用“尋讀”的閱讀方法：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，定位在某一段某一行，再結(jié)合題意、上下文和語境分析，答案就一目了然。例如小題2，根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞sleeping pods(分離倉)定位到第三段；結(jié)合題意可知問的是宇航員睡在各自分離艙的目的，再根據(jù)“Astronauts now have individual sleeping pods(分離倉) that help shut out some of the light.”可知宇航員睡在分離艙是為了隔離光線。這是做閱讀理解中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題較為直觀、有效的方法。