Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical(批判性的) thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes（過程）. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.
The word “critical” here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen--beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.
Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are interested in life and want to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.
Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning（推理）are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today’s world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure（尺度）of intelligence（智慧）, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein. Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately made Hoffman feel comfortable by saying, “Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.” 
小題1:Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically, _______.
A．it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast
B．we might be controlled by other people’s ideas
C．we will follow the ideas of others naturally
D．we might be fooled by other people’s ideas
小題2:If you are a critical thinker, you will ________.
A．take one view against another view
B．trust the reports in the newspapers
C．think deeply about different ideas
D．criticize other people for their mistakes
小題3: In the last paragraph, “something new” suggests that ________.
A．speed can improve intelligence
B．intelligence is not decided by speed
C．the smarter you are, the faster you do things
D．the faster you do things, the smarter you become
小題1:B   小題1:C  小題1:B 

小題1:根據(jù)第一段Thinking about thinking is the key to critical(批判性的) thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes（過程）. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others.描述,可知選B
小題1:根據(jù)第二段If you are interested in life and want to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker.描述,可知選C  
小題1:根據(jù)from a story about Albert Einstein.下文對(duì)愛因斯坦的描述,可知這個(gè)短語指的是,智力不是由思考速度決定的.故選B  
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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


New York is one of the last large American cities to have some of its policemen on horseback. The New York police have 170 horses working in certain parts of the city. The horses are expensive to feed, but it is even more expensive to look after them. Because the horses must walk on the streets, they need special horseshoes. In fact , they need more than 8,000 of them each year. Every police horse in New York gets new shoes every month. Keeping these shoes in good repair is the job of six blacksmiths. There are only about thirty-five of these blacksmiths in the whole United States.
The cost of shoing a horse is between twenty dollars and thirty-five dollars, and it takes a good blacksmith two or three hours to do the job.
A blacksmith’s job is not an easy one. He must be able to shape a shoe from a piece of metal and then fit it to the horse’s foot. The blacksmith must bend over all the time when he is fitting the shoe and must hold the weight of the horse’s leg while he works. Clearly, a blacksmith must be very storng. But even more important, he must be able to deal with horses---for before the blacksmith can begin his work, he has to get the horse to lift its leg.
One of the blacksmiths in New York is James Corbin. He came to the country from Ireland in 1948. He not only makes horseshoes for the police but also works for a group of horse owners near the city. Corbin became interested in blacksmithing because his father did it, and,as the puts it, “It’s a good way to make a living.”
小題1:According to the reading passage, a blacksmith must be likely a______ man.
A．cleverB．richC．strongD．lucky
小題2:James Corbin became a blacksmith because he__________.
A．was interested in horsesB．was needed by the policemen
C．drew a picture of the horseshoeD．had a make a living
小題3:In the reading passage “to shape a shoe” is to__________.
A．fit it on the horse’s foot
B．use it for two or three hours
C．make the from of a horseshoe from a piece of metal
D．draw a picture of the shoe
小題4:The best title for the passage is “__________”.
A．Policemen on HorsebackB．Blacksmiths and Horseshoeing
C．James Corbin, a BlacksmithD．Horseshoeing is a Good Way to Make a Living
小題5:Which of the following is true?
A．Only a few large American cities have some policemen on horseback.
B．New York is the only city in America to have some policemen on horseback.
C．Policemen on horseback enjoy travelling around the United States.
D．Policemen on horseback are less expensive than those in cars.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Bamboo (竹子) is one of nature’s (自然) most surprising plants. Many people call this plant a tree, but it is a kind of grass.
Like other kinds of grass, a bamboo plant may be cut very low to the ground, but it will grow back very quickly. A Japanese scientist reported one bamboo plant which grew 1. 5 metres(4 feet) in 24 hours! Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe. There are more than 1, 000 kinds of bamboo.
Not all bamboo looks the same. Some bamboo plants are very thin. They may only grow to be a few centimetres wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimetres (1 foot) across. This plant also comes in different colours, from yellow to black to green.
Bamboo has been used to make many things such as hats and kitchen tools( 廚房用具). Because it is strong, bamboo is also used to build buildings.
Many Asian countries have used bamboo for hundreds of years. They often use bamboo for buildings and supporting (支撐) new buildings and bridges while they are being built.
In Africa, poor farmers are taught how to find water using bamboo. These African countries need cheap way to find water because they have no money, and their fields often die from no rain and no water. Bamboo pipes( 管子) help poor farmers bring water to their thirsty fields without spending a lot of money.
小題1: How is bamboo like grass?
A．It grows quickly.B．It’s wood. `C．it is easy to cut.D．It is very thin.
小題2: Though you can see bamboo everywhere, it doesn’t grow       .
A．in ChinaB．in EuropeC．on mountainsD．in Africa
小題3: Why is bamboo used by African poor farmers? Because        .
A．it is cheapB．it has different colours
C．it is strongD．it has been used by Asians
小題4: Bamboo pipes can       .
A．make moneyB．be treesC．grow quicklyD．carry water
小題5: In Asia, bamboo has been used for       .
A．a(chǎn) short time
B．many thousands of years
C．many hundreds of years
D．a(chǎn)bout 100 years

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Look at the paper in the picture carefully. Is there anything different from your notebook paper? This kind of paper feels as soft as your notebook paper. It’s also easy to write on. But do you know, this kind of paper is made from stone?
As we know, stone is easy to get on the earth, so it’s cheap. And the stone paper is about 20% to 30% cheaper than ordinary paper. The stone paper causes little pollution and helps protect the environment, because it makes tree and water free. The following table shows what is needed to make one ton of stone paper and one ton of ordinary paper. 
Ingredients
(成份)
One ton of
Trees
Water
Bleach
(漂白劑)
Stone
Additives
(添加劑)
Stone paper
No
No
No
0.8 ton
0.2 ton
Ordinary paper
5 tons
72 M3
Yes
0.2-0.3 ton
0
 
Now in Beijing, some students begin to use stone paper to do their homework. And during the two sessions (兩會(huì)) in 2011, stone paper was also used.
小題1:Stone paper is ______________.
A．cheapB．difficult to write onC．not softD．bad
小題2: We need  _______________ ton of stone to make one ton of stone paper..
A．0.8B．0.3C． 0.2 D．0.25
小題3: ________________in Beijing begin to use stone paper to do their homework.
A．All the studentsB．Some studentsC．Many studentsD．Nobody

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Bermuda Triangle(百慕大三角)is in the Atlantic Ocean, near Florida in the USA. During the past 60 years, more than 1,000 seamen in ships and pilots in planes have lost their lives. It is known as “The Triangle of Death”for its strange seawater and sudden storms. What’s the strangest is the light of the seawater, which looks so bright that it can be seen even from an outer spaceship.
　　At 2:00p.m. on Dec. 5, 1945, five planes took off in fine weather from the airport of Florida, on a training task. Two hours later, the leader in the sky radioed that he was “completely lost”. Then there was silence. Another plane was sent to look for them and also disappeared.
　　One of the largest ship that had disappeared in the triangle was an American coal ship, 500meters long. The weather was good, and there were no messages for help before it was “gone”. No broken ships or dead bodies have been found so far.
　　No one is able to tell how all these accidents have happened. A group of Japanese scientists were there to see what it was really like in 1995, but nothing has been heard of them ever since.
小題1: What is the passage mainly about?
A．How the Bermuda Triangle ate up the planes and ships.
B．Why many of the planes and ships have disappeared.
C．Strange accidents happened in the Bermuda Triangle, no one can tell why
D．When the Bermuda Triangle was formed very strangely.
小題2: How many planes had lost in December 1945?
A．Five.B．Six.C．Seven.D．Eight.
小題3: What does the underline word “radioed” mean?
A．Wrote sound message using a radio.
B．Listened to sound message using a radio.
C．Sent sound message using a radio.
D．Received sound message using a radio.
小題4: Why was the leader in the plane lost?
A．He met with terrible weather.
B．He was losing the right direction.
C．Airport didn’t give him an answer.
D．The reasons are still unknown.
小題5: What about the group of Japanese scientists who went to Bermuda?
A．They have also disappeared very strangely.
B．They have not heard of anything important.
C．They are still working hard in Bermuda.
D．They’ve come back, knowing nothing about it.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


There is a new shopping mall(商場) near my school. It is very big. There are five floors（層） of shops and each floor is very big. There are lots of clothes shops, but only one sports shop. There are lots of restaurants（飯館） on the top（頂部的） floor, you can eat different kinds of food from different countries（國家）. I like going to see a movie. The mall is a really good place to go. It is a good place to meet friends.
小題1:Where is the new shopping mall?
A．behind the schoolB．near my home
C．near my schoolD．behind my home
小題2:How many floors are there in the shopping mall?
A．four floorsB．five floorsC．three floorsD．six floors
小題3: How many sports shop are there in the mall?
A．only oneB．a(chǎn)bout twoC．twoD．three
小題4: Which（哪一） floor are the restaurants?
A．the second floorB．the third C．the fourthD．the fifth floor
小題5:Where does the author(作者) like to go?
A．clothes shopB．sports shopC．a(chǎn) movieD．restaurant

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every year thousands of people get hurt or die when they are crossing the road. Most of these people are old people and children. Old people often get hurt or die because they can’t see or hear very well. Children usually meet with accidents because of their carelessness. They forgot to look and listen before they cross the road.
How can we lessen (減少) traffic accidents? All of us must obey the traffic rules. For the drivers, they shouldn’t drive too fast. If they drive too fast, it will be very difficult to stop the cars in a very short time. For the pedestrians (行人), it’s very important to be careful when they are walking on the road. Therefore, when we walk across the road, we must try to walk along the pavements(人行道). We must stop and look both ways before crossing the road. Look left first, next look right, then look left again. Only when we are sure that the road is clear, we can cross it. The right way to cross the road is to walk quickly. It’s not safe to run. If people run across the road, they may fall down. Teens(青少年) should try to help children, old people or blind people to cross the road, and never play in the street.
小題1:Thousands of people get hurt or die when they are crossing the road every year, most of them are ______.
A．children and driversB．old people and children
C．old people and blind peopleD．teens and drivers
小題2:To lessen traffic accidents, we shouldn’t ______.
A．run quickly
B．walk quickly
C．be sure that the road is clear
D．look left, look right and look left again
小題3: According to the passage, we know that ______ will be safe.
A．driving too fastB．running across the road
C．walking alone the pavementsD．playing in the street
小題4: Why do old people often get hurt or die when they are crossing the road?
A．Because they don’t look and listen.
B．Because they walk too fast.
C．Because they are not careful.
D．Because they can’t see or hear very well.
小題5: What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Never play in the street.
B．Being safe in the street.
C．Look and listen before we cross the road
D．.Stop and look both ways before crossing the road.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Recently a Beijing father sent in a question at an Internet forum(論壇) asking what “PK” meant.
“My family has been watching the ‘I Am the Singer’ singing competition TV programme. My little daughter asked me what ‘PK’ meant, but I had no idea,” explained the puzzled father.
To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online, it is impossible not to know this term. In such Internet games, “PK” is short for “Player Kill”, in which two players fight until one ends the life of the other.
In the case of the “I Am the Singer” singing competition, “PK” was used to refer to the stage where two singers have to compete with each other for only one chance to go up in competition raking.
Like this father, Chinese teachers at Middle schools have also been finding their students using Internet jargons which are difficult to understand. A teacher from Tianjin asked her students to write the compositions with simple language, but they came up with a lot of Internet jargons that she didn’t understand.
“My ‘GG’ came back this summer from college. He told me I’ve grown up to be a ‘PLMM’. I loved to ‘FB’ with him together; he always took me to the ‘KPM’,” went one composition.
“GG” means Ge Ge (Chinese pinyin for brother). “PLMM” is Piao Liang Mei Mei (beautiful girl).“FB” means Fu Bai (corruption).“KPM” is short for KFC, Pizza Hut and McDonald’s.
Some specialists welcome Internet jargons as a new development in language. If you do not even know what a Kong Long (dinosaur, meaning an ugly looking femal) or a Qing Wa (frog, meaning an ugly looking male ) is, you will possibly be regarded as a CaiNiao!
小題1:By writing the article, the writer tries to _________.
A．explain some Internet jargons
B．suggest common Internet jargons
C．laugh at the Beijing father
D．draw our attention to Internet jargons
小題2:What does the underlined word Internet jargons mean?
A．Internet languageB．Internet action
C．Internet behaviorD．Internet fashion
小題3:What does the writer think about the word “PK”?
A．Fathers can’t possibly know it.
B．The daughter should understand it.
C．Online game players may know it.
D．“I Am the Singer” shouldn’t have used it.
小題4:The example of the Beijing father and the Tianjin teacher are used to show that Internet jargons____.
A．a(chǎn)re used not only onlineB．can be understood very well
C．a(chǎn)re welcomed by all the peopleD．cause trouble to our mother tongue
小題5:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A Puzzled Father!B．Do You Speak Internet English?
C．Keep away from Internet English!D．Kong Long or Qing Wa?

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Read how Sofia writes a composition.




1.The weekend before she has to give it to the teacher, she sits on her own in the kitchen. First, she looks at the title and thinks a lot.
2.Then she writes a few ideas onto a piece of paper, in no particular order. She looks up a couple of words in the dictionary and writes those down.
3.Then she has a sandwich and goes to watch TV.
4.The next day she looks at what she wrote. She adds some more ideas. Then she decides how to order her ideas. She starts to write.




5.There are some words she’s not sure about so she looks them up in her dictionary.
6.When she has finished writing, she reads carefully through her composition. She crosses some things out and changes one or two sentences.
7.Then she looks back at her notes from other written work. She makes sure she hasn’t made any of the same mistakes.
8.Finally, she writes out her composition onto a clean piece of paper and puts it in her bag.
180words
小題1:What does Sofia do first before she writes the composition?
A．She looks at the title and thinks a lot.
B．She has a sandwich and goes to watch TV.
C．She writes a few ideas onto a piece of paper.
D．She looks up a couple of words in the dictionary.
小題2:When she meets some words she’s not sure,        .
A．she writes them downB．she looks back at her notes
C．she crosses some things outD．she looks them up in the dictionary
小題3:From the passage we can know Sofia is a        .
A．driverB．doctorC．studentD．parent

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