Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study.
For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers’ health.
But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life.
However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people’s physical and psychological health.
These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects.
For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well-being. Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay.
Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, body aches, heartburn and tiredness. Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety.
“This isn’t to suggest that having authority is ‘bad’—in fact, we show it has benefits ... but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them.” researcher Scott Schieman said.  
Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy at physical and mental well-being by creating stress.
“These are key stressors that can tax individuals’ ability to function effectively,” Schieman said.
56. Work will have a negative effect on job authority’s health probably because __________.
A. they are not fit for their work
B. they have power over hiring and pay
C. they are faced with severe competition
D. they don’t get on well with their co-workers
57. Most people don’t see that bosses have health effects because __________.
A. their health problems are not serious enough to see
B. they have enough money to keep themselves healthy
C. their problems are quite different from those of workers  
D. the advantages and disadvantages of their status work against each other
58. From the passage we can infer that the study aims to _________.
A. warn people not to be a boss for ever
B. remind the boss to deal with the bad effects of their work
C. show that having authority is harmful to one’s health
D. prove that being a boss can benefit a lot 
59. The best title for this passage might be ________.
A. Lower-status can affect health                  B. Authority can affect health
C. Positive aspects of a power position          D. Disadvantages of being a boss
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


讀寫任務(wù)（共1小題，滿分25分）
閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
There are a lot of things said about opportunity. Some people say it comes along once in a blue moon(罕見). Some people say opportunity only knocks once. So-called “once in a lifetime” opportunities do exist, but some say they only favour those lucky dogs.
All these sayings or ways of thinking seem to leave one powerless. They suggest that opportunity is something that just happens now and then and you have no control over it. What this does is leave us blind to what is out there every single day, and it leaves us too weak to make our own new opportunities.
If you believe in a life where you really can make a dream come true and achieve your goals, you must also believe in the ability to create new opportunities.
OK, so how do you create opportunity？ Well, from my very own experience, I can honestly say that it all about who you are being and what you are thinking.
Notice that whenever you are being negative, such as anxious, angry, critical, resentful（厭世的）, bitter etc., you very rarely, if ever, see the golden opportunities that surround you. And because you don’t see them, you believe they do not exist.
However, you may also notice that when you are being positive, open, loving, relaxed, peaceful, creative, trusting, and all those things we think of as positive, possibilities just seem to open up all around you.
[寫作內(nèi)容]
1. 以約30個詞概括這段短文的內(nèi)容；
2. 然后以約120個詞就 “如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和抓住機(jī)遇”進(jìn)行議論，內(nèi)容包括：
（1）你是否贊同作者的觀點；
（2）為什么有的人抓住機(jī)遇成功了有的人卻沒有；
（3）你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該怎樣才能抓住機(jī)遇創(chuàng)造成功。
[寫作要求]
1. 在作文中可以使用自己親身的經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2. 作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱。
[評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]
概括準(zhǔn)確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫。

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1．5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36～55各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A businesswoman got into a taxi in midtown. As it was the rush hour and she was in a   36__   to catch a train, she   37   a quick way to reach it. “I have been a taxi driver for 15 years!” the driver said   38   . “You don’t think I know the best way to go?”
The woman tried to explain that she hadn’t   39  to annoy him, but the driver kept   40  . She finally realized that he was too annoyed to be  41  , so she changed her  42 . “You know, you are right,” she told him. “It must seem   43  for me not to think you know the best way  __44   the city.”
45   , the driver glanced at his   46   in the rearview mirror, turned down the street she wanted and got her to the train on time. “He didn’t say another word the rest of the ride,” she said, “  47   I got out and paid him. Then he thanked me.”
When you find yourself   48   with people like the taxi driver, you will always try to   __49_   your idea. It can lead to longer arguments, lose job chances or   50   marriages. I have discovered one simple   51   extremely unlikely method that can prevent the disagreement or other difficult situations from   52   in a disaster.
The   53   is to put yourself in the other person’s shoes and look for the  54  in what that person is saying. Find a way to   55  , and the result may surprise you.
36. A. hurry       B. rush       C. moment     D. way
37. A. chose       B. made     C. found     D. suggested
38. A. jokingly          B. angrily          C. anxiously   D. curiously
39. A. supposed      B. expected     C. meant     D. decided
40. A. apologizing  B. driving     C. asking     D. shouting
41. A. reasonable  B. thoughtful  C. normal          D. practical
42. A. road        B. mind      C. direction    D. manner
43. A. strange     B. wrong     C. terrible          D. stupid
44. A. across      B. in               C. through    D. along
45. A. Surprised     B. Worried     C. Annoyed    D. Disappointed
46. A. rider        B. speaker      C. helper     D. comer
47. A. until        B. after      C. because      D. since
48. A. satisfied          B. concerned   C. crowded     D. faced
49. A. give up     B. turn down  C. stick to          D. point out                 
50. A. combine      B. destroy       C. suffer     D. divide
51. A. and         B. that        C. but        D. though
52. A. lying       B. resulting     C. setting     D. leading
53. A. problem          B. importance C. key        D. reply
54. A. fact         B. meaning     C. expression  D. truth
55. A. agree       B. argue     C. explain       D. escape

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A man’s best friend may become his enemy. His children that he has_____16____with loving care may show no thanks. Those who are ____17_____to us, those whom we trust with our happiness____18_____turn against their faith. The money that a man has, he may___19_____.It flies from him, perhaps when he needs it _____20______.A man’s reputation(名譽(yù)) may be lost in a moment of ill-considered_____21_____. The people who would prefer to fall on their knees to do us honour when success is with us may be ____22____ to throw the stone malice(敵意) when failure settles upon our heads.
The one absolutely(絕對地)____23_____friend that man can have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts(遺棄) him is his_____24_____. A man’s dog stands by him____25____he is rich or poor, healthy or sick. He will sleep on the cold ground,____26_____the wintry winds blow and the snow drives hard,____27____he may be near his master’s side. He will _____28____the hand that has no food to offer. He guards the sleep of his poor master as if he ___29_____ a prince. When all other friends desert him , the dog_____30____. When reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant(不斷的) in his love as the sun in its journey _____31_____the heavens.
If the master becomes friendless and homeless,____32____the faithful dog asks for is to be with him. And when___33___ takes his master in its embrace(擁抱) and his body____34___away in the cold ground, there by the graveside(墓邊) will the dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but ____35______in watchfullness, faithful and true even in death.
16． A. brought out   B. brought up        C. brought in       D. brought on
17.  A. nearest       B. most useful        C. most important   D. strangest
18.  A. must         B. have to           C. may            D. should
19  A. keep         B. Use             C. earn            D. lose
20.  A. more        B. most             C. better           D. very
21.  A. action       B. thought           C. movement       D. mind
22.  A. first         B. last              C. latest           D. newest
23.  A. close       B. selfish           C. kind             D. unselfish
24.  A. wife         B. dog             C. himself          D. brother
25.  A. whether      B. even though      C. although         D. whenever
26.  A. there        B. because          C. where          D. which
27.  A.as long as     B. even if          C. so that           D. though
28.  A. eat          B. take            C. kiss             D. shake
29.  A. is           B. were            C. had been        D. would be
30.  A. leaves       B. cries            C. remains         D. disappears
31.  A  into        B. on              C. out of          D. through
32.  A. why         B. which           C. how           D. what
33.  A. birth        B. life              C. death          D. kindness
34.  A. lay         B. is lain            C. is laying         D. is laid
35.  A. closed       B. open            C. shut             D. Opened

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


III．閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)
第一節(jié) 閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題號上將該項涂黑。
A
Living an Adventurous Life
Nearly ten years ago, I was told that I had a brain tumor (瘤), and this experience changed my attitude about adventure forever. I thought that I was going to die and that all my adventures were over. I did not have a brain tumor, it turned out, but rather multiple sclerosis (多發(fā)性硬化癥), which meant that, although they were not over,the nature of my adventures could have to change.
Each morning that I wake up is a fresh event, something that I might not have
had. Each gesture that I make carries the weight of uncertainty and demands significant attention: buttoning my shirt, changing a light bulb, walking down stairs. I might not be able to do it this time. If I could not delight in them, they would likely drown me in anger and in self-pity.
I admire the grand adventures of others. I read about them with interest. With Peter Matthiessen I have hiked across the Himalayas to the Crystal Mountain. I have walked with Annie Dillard up, down, into, and across Tinker Creek in all Seasons. David Bain has gone with me along 110 miles of Philippine coast, and Ed Abbey has
rowed me down the Colorado River, I enjoy the adventures of these courageous figures, who can strike out on difficult trips - 2 miles, 250 miles, 3000 miles - ready to bear cold and tiredness - indeed not just to bear but to celebrate.
But as for me, I can no longer walk very far from the armchair in which I read. Some days I don't even make it to the backyard. And yet I'm unwilling to give up the adventurous life, the difficulty of it, even the pain, the anxiety and fear, aud the sudden brief lift of spirit that makes a hard journey more attractive.
I refine adventure, make it smaller and smaller. And now, whether I am moving on my hands and knees across the dining room to help my cat, lying wide-eyed in the dark battling another period of sadness, gathering flowers from the garden, meeting a friend for lunch, I am always having the adventures that are mine to have.
41. What happens to the author after her illness?
A. She has a fear of medical treatments.    B. She travels to places she has dreamed.
C. She can't take care of herself any longer   D. She is not drowned in anger and self-pity.
42. Why does the author admire the people mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. Because they write popular novels.    B. Because they are great adventurers.
C. Because they are famous geographers.   D. Because they struggle with hardship in life
43. The author ends the article with a feeling of______
A. sadness      B. sacrifice       C. security      D. satisfaction
44. What does "adventurous life" in the title mean to the author?
A. The struggles of great people against difficulties.
B. Her concern about giving up certain activities.
C. Her adapting to the situation with an illness.
D. The exciting traveling experience of others.
45. What conclusion can we draw from the passage?
A. Travel can enrich a person's life.
B. Reading is an activity that a patient enjoys most.
C. A positive attitude can improve a difficult situation.
D. A person's ability can be improved through reading.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
第一節(jié)：閱讀選擇（計分30）
A
Do you sometimes argue about what seems to you to be simple fact? Do you argue whether it' s cold outdoors or whether the car in front of you is going faster than the speed limit?
If you get into such arguments, try to think about the story about the six blind men and the elephant. The first blind man who felt the elephant' s trunk said it was like a snake. The second who felt the elephant's side said it was like a wall, while the third said it was like a spear as he touched the animal' s tusk. The fourth, who caught hold of the elephant's tail insisted that it was like a rope. The fifth man said it looked like a tree as he put his arms around one of the elephant' s legs. The sixth, who was tall and got hold of the elephant' s ears, said it was like a huge fan.
Each man' s idea of the animal came from his own experience. So if someone disagrees with you about a "simple fact", it' s often because his experience in the matter is different from yours.
To see how hard it is for even one person to make up his mind about a "simple fact", try this simple experiment.  Get three large bowls. Put ice water in one. Put hot water in the second. Put lukewarm water in the third. Now put your left hand in the ice water. Put your right hand in the hot water. After thirty seconds, put both hands in the lukewarm water. Your right hand will tell you the water is cold. Your left hand will tell you it's hot!
56. What makes people think about simple facts differently?
A. The fact that simple facts differ from one another.
B. The fact that people have different experience in the simple facts.
C. The fact that people often disagree with one another.
D. The fact that it' s hard to make up one's mind about simple facts.
57. The writer's advice is____.
A. we should never think about simple facts
B. we should never judge something with a one-sided view
C. we should not agree about simple facts
D. we must learn from the six blind men
58. After reading the last paragraph, we may think of ____.
A. Newton' s law               B. Galileo' s theory of falling objects
C. Einstein' s Theory of Relativity D. Marx' s On Capital
59. The main idea of this passage is ____.
A. people often judge something according to his own experience
B. people often agree about simple facts
C. it's hard for a person to make up his mind about a simple fact
D. you should not care too much about simple fact

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


D
The thing is, my luck’s always been ruined. Just look at my name: Jean. Not Jean Marie, or Jeanine, or Jeanette, or even Jeanne. Just Jean. Did you know in France, they name boys Jean? It’s French for John. And okay, I don’t live in France. But still, I’m basically a girl named John. If I lived in France, anyway.
This is the kind of luck I’ve had since before Mom even filled out my birth certificate. So it wasn’t any big surprise to me when the cab driver didn’t help me with my suitcase. I’d already had to tolerate arriving at the airport to find no one there to greet me, and then got no answer to my many phone calls, asking where my aunt and uncle were. Did they not want me after all? Had they changed their minds? Had they heard about my bad luck—all the way from Iowa—and decided they didn’t want any of it to rub off on them?
So when the cab driver, instead of getting out and helping me with my bags, just pushed a little button so that the trunk (汽車后備箱) popped open a few inches, it wasn’t the worst thing that had ever happened to me. It wasn’t even the worst thing that had happened to me that day.
According to my mom, most brownstones in New York City were originally single-family homes when they were built way back in the 1800s. But now they’ve been divided up into apartments, so that there’s one—or sometimes even two or more families—per floor.
Not Mom’s sister Evelyn’s brownstone, though. Aunt Evelyn and Uncle Ted Gardiner own all four floors of their brownstone. That’s practically one floor per person, since Aunt Evelyn and Uncle Ted only have three kids, my cousins Tory, Teddy, and Alice.
Back home, we just have two floors, but there are seven people living on them. And only one bathroom. Not that I’m complaining. Still, ever since my sister Courtney discovered blow-outs, it’s been pretty frightful at home.
But as tall as my aunt and uncle’s house was, it was really narrow—just three windows across. Still, it was a very pretty townhouse, painted gray. The door was a bright, cheerful yellow. There were yellow flower boxes along the base of each window, flower boxes from which bright red—and obviously newly planted, since it was only the middle of April, and not quite warm enough for them.
It was nice to know that, even in a sophisticated (世故的) city like New York, people still realized how homey and welcoming a box of flowers could be. The sight of those flowers cheered me up a little.
Like maybe Aunt Evelyn and Uncle Ted just forgot I was arriving today, and hadn’t deliberately failed to meet me at the airport because they’d changed their minds about letting me come to stay.
Like everything was going to be all right, after all.
Yeah. With my luck, probably not.
I started up the steps to the front door of 326 East Sixty-Ninth Street, then realized I couldn’t make it with both bags and my violin. Leaving one bag on the sidewalk, I dragged the other up the steps with me. Maybe I took the steps a little too fast, since I nearly tripped and fell flat on my face on the sidewalk. I managed to catch myself at the last moment by grabbing some of the fence the gardeners had put up…
67. Why did the author go to New York?
A. She intended to go sightseeing there.
B. She meant to stay with her aunt’s family.
C. She was homeless and adopted by her aunt.
D. She wanted to try her luck and find a job there.
68. According to the author, some facts account for her bad luck EXCEPT that ________.
A. she was given a boy’s name in French
B. the cab driver didn’t help her with her bags
C. her sister Courtney discovered blow-outs  
D. nobody had come to meet her at the airport
69. The underlined phrase “rub off on” in Paragraph 3 probably means _________.
A. have an effect on    B. play tricks on     C. put pressure on      D. throw doubt on
70. From the passage, we can know that _________.
A. the author left home without informing her mother
B. the author arrived in New York in a very warm season
C. her aunt’s family lived a much better life than her own
D. her aunt and uncle were likely to forget about her arrival

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


C
Sitting in a dark movie theater with your friends. and a tub of popcorn (H^) sounds like a perfect way to spend a Saturday night, and it could be, if you are willing to share your popcorn with the entire row of moviegoers around you.
A review of movie-theater popcorn reveals an alarming amount of fat, salt and calories in even the smallest sizes. A large tub of popcorn at Regal Cinemas, for example, holds 20 cups of popcorn and has 1,200 calories, 980 milligrams of sodium (鈉) and 60 grams of saturated (飽和的) fat. Adding just a tablespoon of butter adds 130 calories. And do not forget that it comes with free refills.
Not so hungry? The medium size popcorn, even the small, at 11 cups, delivers 670 calories, 550 milligrams of sodium .and 24 grams of saturated fat. The findings may surprise those who believe it is a relatively healthy snack. In fact, plain air-popped popcorn is low in calories and free of saturated fat. Movie theater popcorn, however, is popped in oil, often coconut oil, which is 90 percent saturated fat. Add salt to it, and your once-healthy snack turns into a health offender.
One way to make your popcorn healthier? Ask the theater to pop the corn without salt. The best way to make your movie snack healthier, however, would be to skip the popcorn.
"You could share a tub of popcorn with 10 friends," Dr. Nestle, a professor of nutrition at New York University, said. "Or, what a concept, watch the movie without eating anything."
64. The review finds that movie theatre popcorn may contain all the following EXCEPT ______.
A. butter           B. sodium                 C. saturated fat         D. pepper
65. What does the author think of popcorn prepared in coconut oil?
A. It is a healthy snack.                        B. It does harm to our health.               C. It looks like a perfect choice.                 D. It is very nutritious.
66. Which kind of popcorn causes the least health concern?
A. Movie theatre popcorn.                                 B. Popcorn sold at Regal Cinemas.          C. Large size popcorn.                                      D. Plain air-popped popcorn.
67. What is Dr. Nestle's suggestion to moviegoers?
A. Avoid eating popcorn.                                  B. Share popcorn with friends.              C. Not eating anything in the movie theatre.          D. Try eating other kind of food.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

      Music has often been used in movies to create mood and add dimension to the images which the audience sees on the screen. One man who is famous for his ability to write powerful and highly effective music for movies is John Williams. Mr. Williams has been writing music for movies since 1960, but he is perhaps best known for his award-winning scores for movies such as Jaws, Star Wars, and Schindler's List. Before he began writing music for the movies, Mr. Williams dreamed of being a concert pianist. He studied at both the University of California, Los Angeles and Juilliard School. During the 1950s, Mr. Williams was into jazz and he worked in New York City with many jazz artists. Later, he moved back to Los Angeles where he continued to play the piano for jazz musicians. He also got a job writing music for television shows. It was this television job that led him into movies.
Throughout the 1960s, Mr. Williams wrote the music that can be heard in more than 20 movies. Most of these movies were light comedies. Then, in 1975, the director of the movie Jaws, Steven Spielberg, hired Mr. Williams. The director thought that Mr. William's music added so much to the scary （引起恐慌的）scenes of the movie that he insisted on working with Mr. Williams in all of his future movies. Other directors and Hollywood film studios also demanded to work with Mr. Williams, and his career as a composer of movie soundtracks took off. Many of these movies have soundtracks that are still available in music stores today. They include The Deer Hunter, Raiders of the Lost Ark, ET, and Jurassic Park.
In 1980, Mr. Williams had another chance to expand his musical experience. He was chosen to be the new conductor for the Boston Pops Orchestra when Arthur Fiedler retired. Mr. Williams gladly accepted the position because it only required that he conduct the orchestra during the summer. This left him free to continue writing music for the movies during the rest of the year. Mr. Williams conducted the Boston Pops for more than 12 years before he decided to retire and write music full-time. Along with the many movie music scores he has written, Mr. Williams has also written two symphonies, a flute concerto, and a violin concerto. Up to now, Mr. Williams has written music for more than 60 movies. It is no wonder that he is today's most famous Hollywood composer.
69. What is John Williams most famous for?
A. Conducting.                 B. Making movies.
C. Playing jazz.                 D. Writing music for movies.
70. What happened to Mr. Williams in 1975?
A. He began writing music for movies.      B. He moved to Hollywood.
C. He worked with Steven Spielberg.        D. He worked for the Boston Pops.
71. Which of the following things has Mr. Williams not done?
A. Conducted an orchestra.              B. Directed a movie.
C. Played jazz piano.                   D. Writing classical music.

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