Question

How do you design a pay plan that motivates people to do their best work? A new study by three Harvard researchers suggests a novel answer: Shortly after you hire new workers, give them a raise.

"Previous research has shown that paying people more than they expect may elicit reciprocity(相互作用) in the form of greater productivity," notes Deepak Malhotra, a Harvard business-administration professor who worked on the study. What he and his colleagues found, however, was that the connection between more pay and extra effort depends on presenting the increase "as a gift—that is, as something you've chosen to do purely as a nice gesture, with no strings attached."

Malhotra and his team studied 267 people hired by oDesk, a global online network of freelancers, to do a one-time data-entry project for four hours. All of the new hires were people in developing countries, for whom hourly wages of $3 and $4 were higher than what they had been making in previous jobs.

The researchers split the group up into three equal parts. One group was told they would earn $3 an hour. A second group was initially hired at $3 an hour but, before they started working, they got a surprise: The budget for the project had expanded unexpectedly, they were told, and they would now be paid $4 an hour. The third group was offered $4 an hour from the start and given no increase.

Even though the second and third groups were eventually paid the same amount, the second group worked harder and produced more—about 20% more—than either of the other two. People in the second group also showed the most stamina, maintaining their focus all the way through the assigned task and performing especially well toward the end of the four hours. Interestingly, the more experienced employees in the high-performing group were the most productive of all, apparently because their previous work experience led them to appreciate the rarity of an unexpected raise.

Contrary to conventional wisdom, Malhotra points out that higher pay, in and of itself, didn't promote productivity: People who made $4 an hour from the beginning worked no harder than those who were hired at $3 and were then paid $3.

To get the most impact from their pay plans, he adds, companies might consider not only what to pay new hires, but when to pay it.

"The key thing is how you present [the reason for an increase]," he says. Doling out extra money could promote productivity most "if you make it clear that the pay raise is something you're choosing to do just because you can. Our theory is that people will reciprocate. If you do something nice, they'll do something nice back."

1.What does the underlined word “stamina” most probably mean?

A. The quality of being intelligent or clever.

B. The quality of doing something difficult or dangerous.

C. The physical or mental energy needed to do a tiring activity for a long time.

D. A particular method of doing an activity, usually involving practical skills.

2.Why did the second group produce more than the other two groups?

A. Because they thought they were better paid than the other groups.

B. Because they were experienced employees from developing countries.

C. Because an unexpected raise reminded them of their previous work.

D. Because they felt they were nicely treated and tried best to repay it.

3.What can we infer from this passage?

A. No pains, no gains.

B. It matters not what we give but how.

C. Honesty is the best policy.

D. Actions speak louder than words.

 

Answer 1

1.C

2.D

3.B

【解析】

試題分析:如何設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)能激勵(lì)人們努力工作的加薪策略呢？在本文中作者介紹了一個(gè)新的調(diào)查研究。這項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明在雇傭了新工人不久后，給他們加薪是最為有效的策略。因?yàn)榻o人們意料之外的加薪會(huì)使他們心生感激，由此工作效率也會(huì)隨之提高。

1. 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該詞后面的短語maintaining their focus all the way through the assigned task and performing especially well toward the end of the four hours.可知他們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作中能做到全力投入，注意力能保持始終如一，由此判斷該詞意思是指“耐力”，答案選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段末句…… apparently because their previous work experience led them to appreciate the rarity of an unexpected raise.可以判斷他們會(huì)因?yàn)楦屑ひ馔猥@得的加薪而努力工作，故答案選D。

3.推理判斷題。文章開頭提出問題How do you design a pay plan that motivates people to do their best work?然后通過實(shí)驗(yàn)表明了不同的工資支付或者加薪方式會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的結(jié)果，在通過文章最后總結(jié)性語言 "The key thing is how you present [the reason for an increase],"可以判斷B選項(xiàng)正確。

考點(diǎn)：考查社會(huì)生活類短文閱讀。