9.The﹩11billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed."But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right?Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect:it can simply stress how unhappy they are.
The study's authors,Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick,begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is too positive,they actually feel worse,not better.If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an Einstein,you're just underlining his faults.In one 1990s experiment,a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled.When the authors were later praised for their sympathy,they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment,Wood,Lee and Perunovic measured 68students'self-respect.The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes.Every 15seconds,one group of students heard a bell.When it rang,they were supposed to tell themselves,"I am lovable."
Those with low self-respect didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation(自我肯定).In fact,their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group,who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them.In the fighting,we not only often fail but can make things worse.Instead,meditation (靜思) techniques can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger,more realistic way.Call it the power of negative thinking.
41.What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?C
A.It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
B.It is a highly profitable industry.
C.It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
D.It has provided positive results.
42.What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?D
A.There can be no simple treatment for psychological problems.
B.The power of positive thinking is limited.
C.Unhappy people cannot think positively.
D.Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.
43.What does the author mean by"…you're just underlining his faults"(Para.3)?A
A.You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
B.You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
C.You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
D.You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
44.It can be inferred from the experiment of Wood,Lee and Perunovic thatC.
A.It is important for people to continually boost their self-respect.
B.Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood.
C.Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.
D.People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings.
45.What do we learn from the last paragraph?B
A.People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.
B.Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
C.The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.
D.Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.
分析 這是一篇說明文.這篇文章通過不同的試驗(yàn)和研究得出盡量使人們積極思考事實(shí)上會(huì)對(duì)人們產(chǎn)生相反的影響這一發(fā)現(xiàn).
解答 41-45 CDACB
41.答案:C 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié).根據(jù)第一段"The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed."110億美元的自助消費(fèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)是建立在變消極思維為積極思維的理論的基礎(chǔ)上.知,C為正確答案.
42.答案:D 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié).根據(jù)第二段"trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect:it can simply stress how unhappy they are."可知,D為正確答案.
43.答案:A 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié).根據(jù)第三段"when people get feedback which they believe is too positive,they actually feel worse,not better."可知,A為正確答案.
44.答案:C 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié).根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Those with low self-respect didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation(自我肯定).In fact,their moods turned significantly darker"可知,C為正確答案.
45.答案:B 考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié).根據(jù)最后一段段"The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them."和"Instead,meditation (靜思) techniques can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger,more realistic way."可知,B為正確答案.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 做閱讀時(shí)經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)的主要原因是,僅憑讀過文章后殘留在腦海中的一絲印象來勾選答案,這樣便很容易掉入出題人故意設(shè)布下的題目陷阱.所謂閱讀理解,對(duì)于題目的理解一定要忠實(shí)于原文,因此,每一道題都應(yīng)該與原文作全面的對(duì)比與核查,再得出答案.也就是說,閱讀理解的每一道題目,在原文都應(yīng)該有明確的出處,我們把這一出處叫做原文相關(guān)句,(1)排除與原文相關(guān)句主題不一致的選項(xiàng)(2)排除與原文相關(guān)句態(tài)度相反的選項(xiàng) (3)排除用于過于極端或負(fù)面的選項(xiàng)(4)注意結(jié)合文章主旨和主題去排除.