8.A rapidly advancing contemporary science that is highly dependent on new tools is Earth system science.Earth system science involves observation and measurements on the Earth at all scales from the largest to the smallest.The huge amounts of data that are gathered come from many different locations and require special techniques for handling data.Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing,small deep-sea submarines,and geographic information systems.
More than any other way of gathering evidence,satellite observations continually remind us that each part of the Earth interacts with and is dependent on all other parts.
Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence.Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales,and in many cases,measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured.For example,the ozone hole over Antarctica--the decrease in the concentration of ozone high in the atmosphere--is measured by remote sensing,as are changes in deserts,forests,and farmlands around the world.Such measurements can be used in many areas of specialization besides Earth system science.Archaeology,for example,has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.
New tools for exploring previously inaccessible areas of the Earth have also added greatly to our knowledge of the Earth system.Small deep-sea submarines allow scientists to travel to the depths of the ocean.There they have discovered new species and ecosystems thriving near deep-sea vents that emit heat,sasses,and mineral-rich water.
Just as important as new methods of measurement and exploration are new ways to store and analyze data about the Earth system.Computer-based software programs known as geographic information systems,or GIS,allow a large number of data points to be stored along with their locations.These can be used to produce maps and to compare different sets of information gathered at different times.For example,satellite remote sensing images of a forest can be converted to represent stages in the forest's growth.Two such images,made at different times can be overlaid and compared,and the changes that have taken place can be represented in a new image.

74.The word"facilitate"in Paragraph I is closest in meaning toA.
A.enable 
B.require  
C.organize  
D.examine
75.The author of the passage mentions that satellite observations are especially effective inD.
A.conducting scientific studies of life on the ocean floor
B.predicting future climate changes    
C.providing data to determine Earth's age
D.demonstrating interactions among all of Earth's parts
76.According to the passage,satellite observations of the Arabian Desert allow archaeologists to knowA.
A.indications of ancient routes       
B.evidence of former lakes
C.traces of early farms
D.remains of ancient forests
77.What is the main idea of the passageB?
A.special techniques are needed to classify the huge amounts of data about Earth.
B.New tools provide information about Earth that was once impossible to obtain.
C.Advances in Earth system science have resolved many environmental problems.
D.Satellite remote sensing can show changes between two images taken years apart.

分析 本文主要講述了新技術,新設備帶我們帶來的好處,給我們提供了有關地球前所未有的信息.

解答 74.答案 A 詞義猜測題  A.enable使能夠,幫助;B.require需要;C.organize 組織;D.examine檢查.根據(jù)文章第一段的文章第一段Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing,small deep-sea submarines,and geographic information systems.根據(jù)上下文可以猜測是幫助的意思,結合選項,enable意思最貼切,所以答案選A.
75.答案 D 細節(jié)辨認題  根據(jù)題干關鍵詞是satellite observations are especially effective,定位在第三段,Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence.Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales,and in many cases,measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured.因此衛(wèi)星觀測最大的功能是展示了地球各部分之間的聯(lián)系,所以答案選D.
76.答案 A 細節(jié)辨認題A古代路線的提示;B先前河流的證據(jù);C早期農(nóng)場的;D古森林的遺跡.根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Arabian Desert,定位到第三段最后一句Archaeology,for example,has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.所以答案選A.
77.答案 B  細節(jié)辨認題  A需要專門的設備為關于地球的大量數(shù)據(jù)分類;B新設備提供了關于地球前所未有的信息;C地球系統(tǒng)科學的進步重新解決了許多環(huán)境問題;D衛(wèi)星遙感系統(tǒng)能夠展示以年份分開的兩種圖象的變化.縱觀全文,主要在講述新技術,新設備帶我們帶來的好處,給我們提供了有關地球前所未有的信息.所以答案選B.

點評 1、要想做好科普英語閱讀理解題,同學們就要注意平時多讀科普知識類文章,學習科普知識,積累常見的科普詞匯,從根本上提高科普英語的閱讀能力.
2、要熟悉科普類文章的結構特點.科普類文章一般由標題(Head line),導語(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主體(Main body)和結尾(End)五部分構成.標題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根據(jù)歷年的高考情況來看,這類閱讀理解材料一般不給標題,而要同學們選擇標題.導語一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一個事實的起因.主體則對導語概括的事實進行詳細敘述,這一部分命題往往最多,因此,閱讀時,同學們要把這部分作為重點.結尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并與導語相呼應,命題者常在此要設計一道推理判斷題.  
3、在進行推理判斷時,同學們一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學事實為依據(jù),同時所得出的結論還應符合基本的科普常識.

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