Question

【題目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Measles (麻疹) breaks out in the Northwest

The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago, largely due to a drop in vaccination (接種疫苗) rates in some communities.

An outbreak in Washington state has sickened 23 people this month, mostly children under 10. Local health officials in Clark County, declared a public-health 【1】 on Friday. They also urged residents to track 【2】 symptoms and call ahead before heading to medical centers.

State officials announced the 【3】 of measles from the U.S. in 2000, thanks to a widespread vaccination program. But travelers entering the country with measles, as well as dropping vaccination rates in some states in recent years, has led to a rise in infection. Last year, there were a total of 17 outbreaks, 【4】 as three or more cases linked together, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New York and New Jersey 【5】 for roughly half of the 2018 cases. The Clark County outbreak began early last week with three confirmed cases and has since grown to 23 confirmed and two more 【6】. Of those cases, 20 were unvaccinated and the others are unconfirmed.

Measles is highly 【7】; the virus spreads through the air by coughing or sneezing, the CDC says. Early 【8】 include a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes, followed by tiny, white spots inside the mouth and the red, bumpy rash (疹子) that people 【9】 associate with the infection. Children younger than 5 or adults older than 20 are more likely to suffer from complications, according to the CDC.

In order to prevent the further spread of the outbreak, local health officials are posting times and places where residents may have been exposed. They are urging residents who haven’t been vaccinated to 【10】 whether they have been exposed and to take appropriate action.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】F

【2】H

【3】E

【4】C

【5】A

【6】J

【7】G

【8】K

【9】B

【10】D

【解析】

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。這是一篇新聞，在美國西北地區(qū)一些地方爆發(fā)了麻疹，主要原因是一些社區(qū)的接種疫苗率的下降。

【1】考查名詞。句意：周五，克拉克縣的當(dāng)?shù)匦l(wèi)生官員宣布有突發(fā)的公共衛(wèi)生事件�？崭裉幱�a修飾，說明是名詞。 根據(jù)The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago.可知麻疹幾年前被消除了，所以這次麻疹的爆發(fā)應(yīng)該是突發(fā)事件（emergency），F符合句意，故填F。

【2】考查形容詞。句意：他們還敦促居民去醫(yī)療中心之前，探查（自己是否有）潛在的癥狀并且要提前打電話�？崭裉幮揎椀氖�symptom,說明這里要填一個形容詞。potential意為“潛在的”，符合句意，故填H。

【3】考查名詞。句意：由于廣泛的疫苗接種計劃，國家官員在2000年宣布在美國，麻疹已被消除。根據(jù)第一段中的：“The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago,”可知在幾年前已經(jīng)宣布麻疹被消滅了，這里與前文相呼應(yīng)，在2000年，國家宣布了麻疹的消滅（elimination）。故填E。

【4】考查動詞。句意：根據(jù)美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心的數(shù)據(jù)，去年共確定了17起疫情，其中三起或及以上相互關(guān)聯(lián)。根據(jù)句意，這里要表達的是確定了(define) 三起或及以上相互關(guān)聯(lián), 故選C。

【5】考查動詞。句意：紐約和新澤西（發(fā)生的疫情）約占2018年（疫情）的一半。根據(jù)前文，2018年發(fā)生了17起疫情，再根據(jù)后文“half of the 2018 cases.”2018年一半的疫情，可知這里想表達的是紐約與新澤西的疫情占了一半，account for為固定搭配，意為“（數(shù)量/比例占）”，符合句意，故選A。

【6】考查動詞。句意：上周早些時候，克拉克縣爆發(fā)了三起確診病例，至此（麻疹被確認(rèn)的）已增長至23例，另外兩例是被懷疑的。根據(jù) has since grown to 23 confirmed可知現(xiàn)在麻疹被確診的已到達23個，那么還有兩例肯定就是還沒確診，是被懷疑（suspected）得了麻疹，故選J。

【7】考查形容詞。句意：麻疹具有高度傳染性;疾病預(yù)防控制中心稱，病毒通過咳嗽或打噴嚏在空氣中傳播。根據(jù)后文the virus spreads through the air by coughing or sneezing, the CDC says.可知麻疹病毒通過空氣就能傳播，說明麻疹是具有傳染性的（infectious）,故選G。

【8】考查名詞。句意：初期癥狀包括高燒，咳嗽，流鼻涕和眼睛發(fā)紅，流淚。

后文的“a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes”都是得麻疹會有的一些癥狀（symptom），故選K。

【9】考查副詞。句意：接下來的（癥狀）是口腔內(nèi)的微小白點和紅色，凹凸不平的皮疹（疹子），人們通常會把這些皮疹與傳染病聯(lián)系在一起。分析句子成分可知空格處修飾associate這個動詞，應(yīng)該用副詞，有兩個選項符合。根據(jù)that people associate with the infection.可知人們把這些紅疹與傳染聯(lián)系在一起，這種認(rèn)知應(yīng)該是大家普遍（commonly）會有的。B項符合語境，故選B。

【10】考查動詞。句意：他們正在敦促未接種疫苗的居民查明他們是否已經(jīng)暴露于（有麻疹的環(huán)境）并采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆印：竺娴?/span>whether they have been exposed（是否已經(jīng)暴露于（有麻疹的環(huán)境）是個疑問，需要居民自己去確認(rèn)查明（determine）,故選D。