(2013·高考遼寧卷,D)“Indeed,”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785,“some kind of fly,or bug,had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.”But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that,Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century,and Americans had already created lightning­bug(螢火蟲).But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language,leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person,referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term,sports fans used to be called racing bugs,baseball bugs,and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object,for example,a bug­shaped car.The bug could also be a burglar alarm,from which comes the expression to bug,that is,“to install (安裝) an alarm”.Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations.Since the 1840s,to bug has long meant“to cheat”,and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as“l(fā)ittle problems and difficulties”that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison“had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a(chǎn) bug’ in his invented record player.”
小題1:We learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug
B.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug
C.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century
D.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century
小題2:What does the word“flaw”in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Explanation. B.Finding.
C.Origin.D.Fault.
小題3:The passage is mainly concerned with________.
A.the misunderstanding of the word bug
B.the development of the word bug
C.the public views of the word bug
D.the special characteristics of the word bug

小題1:D
小題2:D
小題3:B
本文為一篇說明文。主要介紹了bug一詞的不同含義及發(fā)展過程。它可以指一個對某種活動著迷的人,也可以指一種小型機器或物體,還可以指防盜設備以及竊聽設備。如今,它可以指代電腦程序或其他設計中出現(xiàn)的缺陷,而在愛迪生時代,它指代發(fā)明中遇到的一些困難、問題。
小題1:解析:選D。推理判斷題。華盛頓使用該詞是在18世紀,而這時英國人已經(jīng)使用該詞一個多世紀了,由此可知,18世紀時,兩個國家都在使用這個詞,故D項正確。文章并未提到美國人在學習使用bug方面存在困難,排除A項;英國人在華盛頓使用該詞之前已經(jīng)用過這個詞了,根據(jù)第一段中的“But the father of America was not the father of bug.”排除B項;根據(jù)第一段最后一句可排除C項。
小題2:解析:選D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“l(fā)ittle problems and difficulties”可以判斷出,bug如今指代電腦程序或者其他設計中需要克服的缺陷、瑕疵,故D項正確。A項意為“解釋”;B項意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;C項意為“來源”;D項意為“故障;缺陷”。
小題3:解析:選B。主旨大意題?偨Y(jié)全文可知,文章主要圍繞bug一詞的發(fā)展過程以及不同含義來展開,故B項符合文章主旨。A項意為“對bug一詞的誤解”;C項意為“大眾對bug一詞的看法”;D項意為“bug一詞的特殊之處”,均不能概括出全文內(nèi)容。
練習冊系列答案
相關(guān)習題

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

We’ve reached a strange-some would say unusual-point.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO),more people now die from being overweight,or say,from being extremely fat,than from being underweight.It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.
Worse,nearly l8 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.What’s going on?
We really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public­health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through—up to a point.
In the 1970s,F(xiàn)inland,for example,had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A public­health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.
Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005,and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks as the world’s most body­conscious country.
We know what we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.
Others blame good food.They say:it’s just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Still others lay the blame on the Americans,complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American­style fast food.
Some also blame their parents-their genes.But unfortunately,the parents are wronged because they’re normal in shape,or rather slim.
It’s a similar story around the world,although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I say-not as I do.
小題1:What is the“strange”point mentioned in the first sentence?
A.The good life is a greater risk than the bad life.
B.Starvation is taking more people’s lives in the world.
C.WHO report shows people’s unawareness of food safety.
D.Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHO’s efforts.
小題2:Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?
A.A lot of effective diet pills are available.
B.Body image has nothing to do with good food.
C.They have been made fully aware of its dangers.
D.There are too many overweight people in the world.
小題3:.The example of Finland is used to illustrate________.
A.the cause of heart disease
B.the fashion of body shaping
C.the effectiveness of a campaign
D.the history of a body­conscious country
小題4:Which would be the best title for the passage?
A.Actions or Excuses?
B.Overweight or Underweight?
C.WHO in a Dilemma
D.No Longer Dying of Hunger

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Hi, everybody. Over the past couple months, most of the political headlines you’ve read have probably been about the government shutdown and the launch of the Affordable Care Act(平價醫(yī)療法案). And I know that many of you have rightly never been more frustrated with Washington.
But if you look beyond those headlines, there are some good things happening in our economy. And that’s been my top priority(優(yōu)先考慮)since the day I walked into the Oval Office.
After decades in which the middle class was working harder and harder just to keep up, and a punishing recession(衰退)that made it worse, we made the tough choices required not just to recover from crisis, but to rebuild on a new foundation for stronger, more durable economic growth.
Five years later, we have fought our way back. Our businesses have created 7.8 million new jobs in the past 44 months. Another 200,000 Americans went back to work last month.
The American auto industry has come back with more than 350,000 new jobs –-- jobs putting out and selling the high-tech, fuel-efficient cars the world wants to buy. And they’re leading the charge in a business that has added jobs for the first time since the 1990s –-- a big reason why our businesses sell more goods and services “Made in America” than ever before.
We decided to stop our addiction to foreign oil. And today, we produce more renewable energy than ever, more natural gas than anybody, and for the first time in nearly 20 years, America now produces more oil than we buy from other countries.
We decided to fix a broken health care system. And even though the task has been rough, so far, about 500,000 Americans gain health coverage starting January 1st. And by the way, health care costs are growing at the slowest rate in 50 years.
And one more thing: since I took office, we’ve cut our deficits (赤字) by more than half. And that makes it easier to invest in the things that create jobs –-- education, research, and so on.
Imagine how much farther along we could be if both parties were working together. Think about what we could do if the few didn’t hold the economy hostage (人質(zhì)) every few months, or waste time on dozens of votes to repeal the Affordable Care Act rather than try to help us fix it.
In the weeks ahead, I’ll keep talking about my plan to build a better bargain for the middle class. Good jobs. A good education. A chance to buy a home, save, and retire. And yes, the financial security of affordable health care. And I’ll look for any willing partners who want to help.
Because of your hard work and tough sacrifices over the past five years, we’re pointed in the right direction. But we’ve got more work to do to keep moving that way. And as long as I’m President, I’ll keep doing everything I can to create jobs, grow the economy, and make sure that everyone who works hard has a chance to get ahead. Thanks, and have a great weekend.
小題1:Which of the following is not the reason for people’s frustration with the government?
A.The government shutdown
B.Unemployment rate
C.The addiction to foreign oil
D.Cancelling the Affordable Care Act
小題2:Why does the president mention more goods and services “Made in America”?
A.To show that American goods and services are very popular.
B.To indicate that American people should be dependent on themselves.
C.To show that the employment rate has been increased.
D.To show that American auto industry enjoys high technology.
小題3:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “repeal”?
A.put an end toB.try hard to fixC.make strongerD.get accustomed to
小題4:According to the speech, which of the following can be implied?
A.American people have every reason to feel frustrated with the government.
B.Health care costs are growing at the slowest rate in 50 years.
C.The president feels sorry that the economy is not moving in the right direction.
D.Some government officials don’t agree with the president on the medical care system.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Governments all over the world make public reports about the condition of their economies. Most countries, including the United States, have used a measure called the gross national product (國民生產(chǎn)總值)or GNP. It includes all goods and services produced by citizens of the country anywhere in the world.
Recently the American Commerce Department has started using a new method to measure production. It is known as the gross domestic product(國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值)or GDP. It counts only goods and services that have been produced within the nation’s borders. Money earned by foreign companies operating in the United States is included in the GDP, but money earned by American companies operating in other countries is not.
Economic experts generally approve of the change. They say that the gross domestic product provides a truer measure of the economy. They also note that most other industrial countries use this method. Therefore it will be easier to study the economies of different countries. Some officials also hope the new system will help them make better economic policy decisions. It will provide them with a clearer understanding of economic activity in the U.S. . The new measure is less likely to be affected by sudden changes in foreign oil prices or in the value of the American dollar in other countries.
Economic experts believe that the change from GNP to GDP will immediately reduce the value of American production by at least 40,000 million dollars a year. But that is really a very small change in the American economy – less than 1% . The Commerce Department reports the unofficial gross domestic product once every three months. The government also continues to report GNP as it has four times a year since 1941.
小題1:To report the American GNP, the government should not consider goods and services produced _______.
A.by American companies at home
B.by American companies in China
C.by American companies in Singapore
D.by Japanese companies in the United States
小題2:To report the American GDP, the Commerce Department should count money earned ________.
A.by both American and foreign companies in America
B.by American companies within its own borders
C.by foreign companies in the United States
D.by American companies in its foreign markets
小題3:GDP is considered better than GNP by some economists because ________.
A.it is something new
B.it is used by most countries
C.it is easier to calculate
D.it is less likely to be affected by the foreign market
小題4:What will happen to the value of American economy if GDP is used to replace GNP?
A.It will be seriously affected.B.It will not be affected.
C.It will come down a little.D.It will slightly go up.
小題5:How often are the reports of GDP issued by the American Commerce Department?
A.once every four monthsB.once every three months
C.once every six monthsD.once a year

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

When you go to St. Petersburg, the number of attractions can seem large. If you are short of time, or just want to make sure to hit the highlights, these are the top must-see sights in St.Petersburg.
●The Hermitage Museum
The Hermitage Museum is one of the most important sights to see for any visitor to St.Petersburg.There are lots of different paintings by the old masters in the Hermitage.Prepare to come face-to-face with classic Western artists.
●Kizhi Island
Kizhi Island is an open-air museum of wooden architecture from the Karelia Region of Russia.These impressive structures are made entirely without nails - the wood fits together with joints and grooves(溝槽).
●Peterhof
Peterhof is as beautiful as it is fun.You’ll be charged for admission, but go to Petethof when the fountains are working—during the day in the summer.They are shut off in winter evenings.
●The Church of Our Savior on the Spilt Blood
Love it or hate it, the Church of Our Savior on the Spilt Blood in St.Petersburg is an enthralling must-see sight.The beautiful look may make y our eyes brighten, and the painting inside the church will make you say “Wow!”
●The Bronze Horseman Statue
The so-called Bronze Horseman is a part of Russian culture and a symbol of St.Petersburg.Made famous by Alexander Pushkin, this statue of Peter the Great sitting on his horse can truly show Peter the Great’s influence on the Russian idea of greatness.
小題1:If you are interested in paintings, you’d better go to        
A.Peterhof and Kizhi Island
B.the Hernatage Museum and Peterhof
C.Kizhi Island and the Church of Our Savior on the Spilt Blood
D.the hermitage Museum and the Church of Our Savior on the Spilt Blood
小題2:We can learn from the passage that           
A.visitors can visit Peterhof for free
B.the buildings of Kizhi Island are made of wood
C.the fountains in Peterhof can be seen all year round
D.the largest collection of Russian arts is in the Hermitage Museum
小題3:The main purpose of the passage is to        
A.show the wonderful history of Russia
B.persuade artists to study St.Petersburg
C.recommend the famous buildings in Russia
D.introduce the must-see sights in St.Petersburg
小題4:The underlined phrase (in Para 1) “hit the highlights” means        
A.to save more timeB.to learn more knowledge
C.to go to the high buildingsD.to visit the most interesting sights

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

American colleges and universities consider a number of things about a student who wants to be admitted. Experts say the most important thing is the students’ high school record. Besides, student's interests and activities may also play a part in getting accepted. But in most cases another consideration is how well the student did on college entrance exams. Here we’d like to discuss two of these tests: the SAT and the ACT. Most American schools accept either one.
The SAT measures reasoning skills in mathematics and language. Students have almost four hours to complete the SAT. The newest part is an essay. Students have twenty-five minutes to write an answer to a question.
The SAT costs 41.5$. Besides, the international processing charge is 22$ more. And test-takers in India and Pakistan must also pay a 21.5 $ security charge.
Students may also need to take SAT subject tests in areas like history, science and foreign language. Subject tests cost eighteen dollars each.
The ACT is an achievement test. It is designed to measure what a student has learned in school. Students are tested in mathematics, English, reading and science. A writing test is offered but not required. Without it, the ACT takes about three hours to complete. The essay part adds thirty minutes.
The ACT costs forty-nine dollars to take outside the United States. The writing test costs an additional fourteen dollars.
小題1:What’s most important in students’ admission to American colleges and universities?
A.High school record
B.Interests and activities
C.Performances in SAT and ACT
D.Skills in mathematics and language
小題2:If a student from Pakistan wants to take the SAT, how much should he pay at least?
A.21.5 dollars B.63 dollarsC.85 dollarsD.43.5 dollars
小題3:Which of the statement is true according to the text?
A.It usually takes about three hours to complete the SAT.
B.There are only two ways for students to enter a college or a university.
C.The ACT measures mathematics, English, reading and science.
D.The two tests are specially designed for students outside America.
小題4:What might be the best title of this passage?
A.College Entrance Exams in America
B.The Way to America Colleges
C.The Cost of American Colleges
D.Important Things in College Entrance

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Like many languages spoken by people, Ayapaneco is dying. Only two people in the world still speak it, and they won't talk to each other.
Spoken in Mexico for centuries, Ayapaneco is one of 68 surviving languages in the mainly Spanish-speaking nation. The two speakers are Manuel Segovia and Isidro Velazquez. Though they live only 500 meters from each other in the village, the two men seldom talk to each other. Daniel, an American expert, who is working to make a dictionary of Ayapaneco, says the two men “don’t have a lot in common,” and that Segovia can be “active” while Velasquez tends to mind his own business and stay at home.
While Segovia still speaks to his wife and son in Ayapaneco, neither of them can manage more than a few words. Velasquez hardly speaks his native tongue any more. Daniel is working to preserve the language in dictionary form before its last surviving speakers pass away. According to Daniel, Ayapaneco and the other languages began dying out with the introduction of public Spanish education in the mid-20th century. For decades, local children weren’t allowed to speak anything else. Many people to cities, starting in the 1970s, also helped the dying out of native languages.
Ayapaneco is the name given to the language; Segovia and Velazquez call it “Nuumte Oote”, which means “true voice”. Neither man, however, speaks the same language. The dictionary will contain two versions(版本) of the language when it comes out later this year. Those behind the dictionary aren’t the only ones trying to save Ayapaneco. The National Language Institute plans to hold classes so that Segovia and Velasquez can pass on what they know to children.
It is thought that there are about 6,000 languages spoken on earth and that about half will disappear over the next 100 years. Let’s hope the “true voice” isn’t one of them.
小題1:Segovia and Velasquez seldom talk to each other in Ayapaneco because they___________________.
A.both dislike the language
B.don’t get along well with each other
C.a(chǎn)re too busy to talk to each other
D.don’t share the same interests
小題2:Which are the main reasons why the language Ayapaneco started dying out? 
a. No teacher liked to teach it.         b. Local children had to speak Spanish.
c. many villagers went to live in cities.  d. The surviving speakers didn’t like to use it.
A.a(chǎn), bB.a(chǎn), cC.b, dD.b, c
小題3:How does the National Language Institute try to save Ayapaneco?
A.Write a dictionary of Ayapaneco.
B.Let Ayapaneco be taught at school.
C.Introduce a public Ayapaneco education.
D.Ask villagers to speak Ayapaneco.
小題4:From the text we learn that the author____________________.
A.a(chǎn)grees that it is natural that Ayapaneco should die out
B.thinks Daniel’s effort to preserve Ayapaneco won’t work
C.thinks highly of Ayapaneco and wants people to learn it
D.hopes that Ayapaneco will not die out in the future

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

As an English teacher, I’ve been lucky enough to travel to many countries all over the world. I’ve seen people celebrate everything from the arrival of new babies to the delivery of new cars. I’ve attended weddings, parties and religious celebrations in countries such as Argentina and Japan, and I’ve noticed that gold---the metal or the colour of it---is always part of cultural events, traditions and celebrations.
It makes me wonder: Why do people love gold?
For some people, gold seems to be a status(地位)symbol. Indian businessman Datta Phuge loves gold so much that he even bought a shirt made of gold at a cost of $250,000. I’m not sure I’d spend so much money on a shirt, would you? But Datta Phuge has his reason .He explains,“ Some people want to own an Audi or a Mercedes. I choose gold.”
For other people, gold is an investment(投資). The price of gold generally increases over time and in European markets, it reached even $1,500 per ounce in 2011.
And for many people, a family heirloom(傳家寶)brings together status and investment. My mother has a gold bracelet(手鐲)that was given to her by her grandmother who, in turn, inherited it from her own grandmother. It’s quite a heavy piece and probably worth quite a lot of money. But its mental value is greater than its value in dollars. It’s a beautiful object that holds many family memories. When the time comes, my mum will give the bracelet to me, and one day, I’ll pass it on to the younger generation.
Therefore, status and investment are good reasons to value gold. However, I think that the real reason why people love gold is that it can be made into beautiful objects. Think about Tutankhamen’s death mask. Have you ever seen anything so beautiful?
People love gold because it holds their minds, their imaginations and, above all, their hearts.
小題1:The main idea of the first paragraph is that______.
A.the author has traveled to many countries
B.people celebrate almost everything
C.there are many ways to use gold
D.people all over the world love gold
小題2:Datta Phuge bought a shirt made of gold because________.
A.gold is a status symbol to himB.he loves this kind of shirt
C.people there love gold so muchD.he is a successful businessman
小題3:According to the passage, in Europe,gold could be________per ounce in 2010.
A.$1,550B.$1,500 C.$1,450D.$1,600
小題4:The gold bracelet is the heirloom for the author’s family mainly because______.
A.it’s worth a lot of moneyB.it brings status and investment
C.it’s a beautiful objectD.it holds family memories
小題5:In the author’s opinion, the real reason why people love gold is that________.
A.it is a status symbol to some people
B.it can be made into beautiful objects
C.it can be passed on to the younger generation
D.it can bring people a lot of money

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship.Before you start a discussion,however,make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which are considered taboo(禁忌)in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art and customs.You may expect questions about your family,and be sure to show pictures of your children.You may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends.The French think of conversation as an art form,and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them,arguments can be interesting and they can cover pretty much or any topic ---- as long as they occur in are respectful and intelligent manner.
In the United States,business people like to discuss a wide range of topics,including opinions about work,family,hobbies,and politics. In Japan,China,and Korea,however,people are much more private.They do not share much about their thoughts,feelings,or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious business relationship they’re trying to build.Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and family matters.It is considered rude,for example,to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children.
As a general rule,it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends.This can get you into trouble,even in the United States,where people hold different religious views.In addition,discussing one’s salary is usually considered unsuitable.Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world,although be careful not to criticize national sport.Instead,be friendly and praise your host’s team.
小題1:The author considers politics and religion ___________.
A.cheerful topics
B.taboo
C.rude topics
D.topics that can never be talked about
小題2:Which is typically a friendly topic in most places according to the author?
A.Sports.B.Children.
C.Personal feelings.D.Families.
小題3:Why are people from Asia more private in their conversation with others?
A.They don’t want to talk much with others.
B.They don’t want to have their good relationship with others harmed by informal conversation。
C.They are afraid to argue with their colleagues.
D.They want to keep their feelings to themselves.
小題4:What shouldn’t you do when talking about sports with colleagues from another country?
A.Praising your own country’s sports.
B.Criticizing your own country’s sports.
C.Praising the sports of your colleagues’ country.
D.Criticizing the sports of your colleagues’ country.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案