Question

More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.
Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.
So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行為準(zhǔn)則) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.
All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.
Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?
Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)
小題1:Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.
小題2:Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.
小題3:With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.
小題4:According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.

Answer 1

小題1:Shareholders and employees
小題2:Companies talk to non-government organizations(NGOs) and to governments./Companies create codes of conduct. /Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations./Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.
小題3:Create value
小題4:take social responsibilities

試題分析：文章介紹現(xiàn)在很多公司管理的CSR的三層管理，旨在創(chuàng)辦一個(gè)既能盈利又有社會(huì)責(zé)任的公司。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)文章第一段的最后的句子：But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.可知股份持有者和職員發(fā)現(xiàn)只是簡(jiǎn)單的將錢捐給慈善機(jī)關(guān)是不夠的，所以填Shareholders and employees。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容：可知公司會(huì)采取下列防御措施應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)：和非政府組織和政府談話：Companies talk to non-government organizations(NGOs) and to governments./公司創(chuàng)造行為準(zhǔn)則：Companies create codes of conduct. /公司在經(jīng)營(yíng)的時(shí)候更加透明：Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations./公司和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者一起設(shè)置共同的規(guī)定。Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第四段的句子，The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value.可知第三層的管理CSR是強(qiáng)調(diào)機(jī)遇，旨在創(chuàng)造價(jià)值，所以填Create value。
小題4:推理題：根據(jù)第六段的前面兩句話，Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities.可知好的公司既要能盈利也要有社會(huì)責(zé)任。填 take social responsibilities