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Are you a social butterfly, or do you prefer being at the edge of a group of friends? Either way, your genes and evolution may play a major 1 , US researchers reported on Monday.
While it may come as no surprise that genes may help explain  2  some people have many friends and others have  3  , the researchers said, their findings go just a little farther than that.
"Some of the things we find are 4   uncommon," said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University in Massachusetts, who helped  5 the study.
"We find that how interconnected your friends are  6   on your genes. Some people have four friends who know each other and some people have four friends who don't 7 each other.  8     Dick and Harry know each other depends on Tom's  9    ," Christakis said in a telephone interview.
Christakis and colleague James Fowler of the University of California San Diego are  10    known for their studies that show obesity, smoking and happiness spread in networks.
For this study, they and Christopher Dawes of UCSD used national data that  11  more than 1,000 identical(同卵的) and fraternal(異卵的) twins’ genes. Because  12  share an environment, these studies are good for showing the impact that genes have 13  various things, because identical twins 14  all their genes while fraternal twins share just half.
"We found there appears to be a genetic tendency to introduce your friends 15  each other," Christakis said.
There could be good, evolutionary reasons 16  this. People in the middle of a social network could be secret to useful gossip,  17  the location of food or good investment choices.
But they would also be at risk of catching effects from all sides -- in which case the advantage would 18  more cautious social behavior, they wrote in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"It may be that natural selection is  19 not just things like whether or not we can resist the common cold, but also who it is that we are going to come into  20   with," Fowler said in a statement.
(    ) 1. A. role                 B. rule           C. roll                  D. pole
(    ) 2. A. where              B. why          C. when                D. how
(   ) 3. A. a few                      B. several      C. few                  D. some
(    ) 4. A. generally          B. mainly      C. mostly              D. frankly
(    ) 5. A. conduct            B. introduce   C. conflict            D. instruct
(    ) 6. A. depends            B. bases         C. take                 D. put
(    ) 7. A. see                   B. inspect      C. learn                D. know
(    ) 8. A. When               B. Where       C. What                D. Whether
(    ) 9. A. genes                      B. brains        C. appearances      D. figures
(   ) 10. A. much             B. best           C. very                 D. least
(   ) 11. A. recorded         B. illustrated C. described          D. compared
(   ) 12. A. brothers          B. sisters        C. twins                D. cousins
(   ) 13. A. with                      B. on             C. for                   D. to
(   ) 14. A. share              B. have          C. own                 D. show
(   ) 15. A. into                B. to             C. in                    D. from
(    ) 16. A. for                 B. with          C. to                    D. at
(    ) 17. A. in addition to B. due to       C. as for                      D. such as
(   ) 18. A. lie on             B. bring in     C. lie in                D. send in
(    ) 19. A. acting on               B. putting on C. relying on         D. sending on
(    ) 20. A. contract          B. face          C. join                  D. contact
1-20 ABCDA ADDAB DCBAB ADCAD
本文說明的是一個人的朋友的多寡取決于他的基因。做本完形填空的時候,我們要把生活中的實際情況和文章中作者的思路相結合。
1. A你的基因及進化過程可能在這一問題上起著重要的作用(也就是A項)。BCD三項依次分別表示的意思是:規(guī)則,卷,棒桿,語意上都不適合。
2. B研究人員稱,用基因解釋為什么(也即是:why)有些人朋友眾多而有些人卻寡朋少友其實并不新鮮。ACD項依次表示:在哪兒,在什么時候,哪一個,語意和邏輯上與語境不符。
3. C根據(jù)上一題的分析,此空應表示“沒有”之意,即是:few,ABD三項都表的確“有”。
4. D研究人員這兒是說他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些現(xiàn)象的確很奇怪!暗拇_”就是“確實”,就是“說實話”,也即是“坦誠地”(frankly),ABC三項依次分別表示:大體上地,主要地,大部分地,這些都不和語意相契合。
5. A來自馬薩諸塞州哈佛大學的Nicholas Christakis協(xié)助開展該研究。這里的“開展”研究,就是“做”研究,A項的conduct:做,實施,非常合適,而BCD三項的意思依次是:介紹,沖突,生產。
6. A我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個人朋友之間的親密程度取決于這個人的基因,“取決于”: depends。 BCD各項加上on之后的意思是:基礎是,呈現(xiàn),穿上,都不能和語境契合。
7. D結合語境:有的人有四個朋友而且互相認識;而有的人有四個朋友,但他們卻素不相識(即是know)。ABC三項分別表示:看到,檢查,學會。
8. D迪克和哈利是否(就是whether)互相認識是取決于湯姆的基因。ABC三項中的“何時,何地,什么”都與邏輯不搭配。
9. A由上面的分析我們得知全文都是講的“基因”,故這兒就填A項genes(gene的復數(shù)形式),而不是BCD三項分別依次表示的意思:大腦,外貌,形象。
10.B Christakis和他的同事、來自加利福尼亞大學圣地亞哥分校的James Fowler此前以研究肥胖、吸煙以及快樂會在朋友之間傳播而十分著名,可以確定CD兩項錯,因為它們表是否定含義:較不,最不;而這里有沒有和那些人“比起來”之意,所以A項的better也錯了。這里只是用形容詞的最高級形式表示“很,非常,極其”來修飾known(出名)。故B項正確。
11.D Christopher Dawes of UCSD使用了一項全國性數(shù)據(jù),這項數(shù)據(jù)對1000多對同卵及異卵雙胞胎的基因進行了對比。因為是數(shù)據(jù)(data)所以最令人迷惑的是A項recorded(記錄),但是是兩類基因,所以比較合理的邏輯應該是compared(比較)。BC兩項所表示的意思分別依次是:舉例證明,形容描繪,與上面的語境不契合。
12.C由于雙胞胎生活在同一個環(huán)境,而且同卵雙胞胎的基因完全相同,而異卵雙胞胎有一半的基因相同,所以這些研究有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)基因對人各個方面的影響。再加上上文就說是“雙胞胎”(twins)。ABD項的意思以此事:兄弟,姐妹,堂兄妹,都不合乎語境。
13.B 由上一題的解析我們知道:that genes have 13 various things,是定語從句修飾impact(影響),而have an impact on是個固定詞組,意思是:對……有影響。ACD依次表示:和,為了,對于,它們都與impact不搭配。
14.A由第12題的分析我們得知此空填上表示“有完全相同”的基因,這四個詞中表示這個意思的只有share(分享,共同擁有)和這個語境相吻合,其余BCD三項表示的:有,擁有,說明之意都不合乎邏輯。
15.B我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們在介紹朋友互相認識時有一個基因傾向性!敖榻B朋友互相認識”用英語表示就是introduce……to……,也就是B項。Introduce與into, in, from都不是合理的搭配。
16.A這種傾向性可以用合理的、進化方面的原因來解釋。這兒是表示“…的原因”,也就是英語中用“reason for”來表示,而不是with, to, at。
17.D處于社交圈中的人們可能會對一些有用信息的保密,比如哪些地方有吃的,或者好的投資選擇等等,這里是舉例,也即是D項such as……例如,A項表示:還有,B項是:因為,C項:對于,與語境都不能合理的吻合。
18.C好處只有存在于社交活動謹慎的人中,表示“存在于”之意的動詞短語,即是:C項:lie in,ABD三項分別表示:堅持,引進,派人去請。無論意義還是邏輯上都不合適。
19.A可能自然選擇對我們接觸什么樣的人也有影響。”我們得知此空要填上表示“有影響”之意的動詞短語,就是act on,acting只不過是現(xiàn)在分詞形式。BCD三項各自表示:穿上,依賴,(向前)傳遞或轉發(fā),和上面的語境不相契合。
20.D由上一題的語境我們知道,此空需要填上表示“接觸聯(lián)系”之意的名詞,也即是D項:contact,其余BCD三項雖然都和with搭配,但都不是“接觸聯(lián)系”之意,它們分別依次表示:訂合同,面對,連接。
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Jungle country is not friendly to man, but it is possible to survive there. You must have the right equipment and you must know a few important things about woodcraft. Then your chances of staying alive are very good.
No one should go into the jungle without the right equipment. You need light weight clothing, a good knife, and a compass. Fishhooks and a line, a rifle, matches in a waterproof container and a poncho are necessary too. So is a mosquito net to protect the head.
In the jungle you can get hopeless lost within five minutes after leaving a known landmark. That is why you should always carry a compass. In open country, during the day, you can tell which way o go by studying the sun. At night the stars are sure guides o direction. But in most places the jungle rooftop is so thick that it is impossible to see the sun or the stars. Again and again you must check your position by the compass.
Keep alert. Watch the ground in front of you carefully. Stop and listen now and again. Avoid haste, and rest often. In a place that is hot and humid, the person who sets a fast pace will soon become tired. A steady, even pace is wisest in the long run.  
If you lose your way, don’t panic. Try to desire how long it has been since you were sure of your position. Mark the spot where you are with blazes on a tree. Put them on four sides of the tree, so that you will be able to see them from any direction. Then you can begin retracing your steps, knowing that you can always find the spot from which you started. Except in an emergency, never try to travel through the jungle at night.
Whenever possible, it is wise to follow streams and rivers that are going in your general direction. This may cause you many extra miles of travel. But in the end it will save time and energy. Nothing is more exhausting than hacking a trail cross-through umbrella jungle.
If a river is broad and deep and has no rapids, rafting is the best means of travel. Bamboo grows along the banks of many jungle streams. Since it is hollow and extremely strong, it makes a perfect raft.
Surviving in the jungle is a science. The jungle people have become perfect in this science, and you can too. Learn as much as you can about what to expect in the jungle. Make sure you have the right equipment. Then no part of the jungle will be able to “l(fā)ive off” it for a long time.
小題1: The author probably advises against traveling at night because ________.
one tends to move too slowly at night
some animals will attack you
emergencies occur most frequently at night
it is more difficult to check your position
小題2:Following streams and rivers will help you to ________.
avoid animal’s attacks
save many extra miles of travel
avoid crossing unbroken stretches of jungle
have a constant source of drinking water  
小題3:The word “blazes” in Paragraph 5 means _________.
A.marks where bark (樹皮) is removedB.light-colored spots
C.bursts of flameD.sides of knife

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

The first thing to remember about homework is that it needs to be done as soon as you get home from school. Since many parents do not give doses to help you sleep at night, the homework MUST be done first. If you have after-school activities, the homework should be done as soon as you get home. It is fine to allow for a snack break and also to allow for stretching breaks. Every kid of you really needs these little breaks.
Also, you should remember that it is your responsibility to do your homework. Next time you tend to depend on Mom and Dad for a roadmap, please try to struggle with it first, because it is good for you.
When you have questions, especially something about a science or a math problem, don’t always turn to your teacher! It is a good idea to struggle with them first and try to work them out. Sometimes, if this doesn’t work, look at the materials in the back of the book. They may guide you to pages and and understanding everything completely.
At last, while doing homework, don’t be looking away but continue working. Setting time limits often helps with this. Different ages decide different fair amounts of time. 10-15minutes is good for a child that’s age 6-8. A time of 20-30 minutes is about right for a child aged 9-12. Kids can achieve 30-45 minute intervals of study at age 13-15. This, of course, depends on your abilities to concentrate and stay on task.
60. The passage mainly tells children ________.
A. to do their homework quickly and properly
B. to limit their time of doing homework
C. not to turn to teachers when doing homework
D. not to look away while doing homework
61 Which of the following may have the same meaning as “struggle with them”?
A. fight against them         B. study them carefully
C. break away from them      D. show great interest in them
62. If you are a girl aged 14, the proper length of the homework time should be________.
A. 14 minutes    B. 25 minutes    C. 35 minutes     D. 50 minutes
63. The author seems to think ________.
A. children should finish their homework at school
B. parents had better help children with their homework
C. doing homework all alone is more important
D. homework in science needs more time

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