Pollutants coming from automobile operation have begun to cause many environmental problems. It has been calculated, for example, that 70% of the carbon monoxide(一氧化碳), 45% of the nitrogen oxides(氮氧化合物), and 34% of the hydrocarbon (碳?xì)浠衔? pollution in the United States can be traced directly to automobile exhausts (廢氣). In addition, rubber, motor oil and other materials accumulate on roadways and are washed into streams, with effects nearly as serious as those of untreated waste water.
In an effort to improve the situation, the U.S. government has made regulations on the use of the constituents (成分) of automobile exhaust gas that are known to cause air pollution. These constituents fall roughly into three types: hydrocarbons that pass through the engine unburned; carbon monoxide, also a product of incomplete burning; and nitrogen oxides which are formed when nitrogen and oxygen are in contact at high temperatures. Besides their own poisonous character, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides react in the presence of sunlight to form harmful smog. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are rather easily controlled by the use of higher burning temperatures in engines. Unfortunately, the conditions that produce minimum emission of hydrocarbons tend to raise emission of nitrogen oxides. In a way this difficulty is solved by adding recycled exhaust gas to the fuel mixture, thus avoiding the oversupply of oxygen that favors formation of nitrogen oxides.
California, which has the most strict air-pollution laws in the United States, requires further special compounding of gas to control emissions, and several states have ordered that alcohol be mixed with gas, as this will reduce emissions of the carbon monoxide by 35 per cent and the hydrocarbons by 15 per cent.
【小題1】The author uses figures in Paragraph 1 ________.

A．to reflect the rapid growth of automobile use
B．to highlight the importance of environment protection
C．to show the consequence of automobile exhausts
D．to criticize the low quality of cars
【小題2】How are nitrogen oxides formed according to the text?
A．Nitrogen and oxygen are put together in great heat.
B．Carbon monoxide and oxygen are mixed together.
C．Hydrocarbons pass through the engine.
D．Nitrogen is burned incompletely.
【小題3】Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A．Carbon monoxide can be controlled in the engine.
B．Smog will form when hydrocarbons meet nitrogen oxides in the sunlight.
C．Hydrocarbons have no poisonous character themselves.
D．The conditions that decease emission of hydrocarbons will increase emission of nitrogen oxides.
【小題4】According to the text, alcohol is added to gas in order to ______.
A．increase awareness of environment protection
B．control air pollution
C．increase the fuel efficiency
D．replace gas gradually


【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】C
【小題4】B   

解析試題分析：文章介紹現(xiàn)在因?yàn)槠囄矚獾呐欧�，空氣受到�?yán)重的污染，文章分析汽車尾氣的成分和它們的危害，同時(shí)介紹解決空氣污染問題的方法。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：that 70% of the carbon monoxide(一氧化碳), 45% of the nitrogen oxides(氮氧化合物), and 34% of the hydrocarbon (碳?xì)浠衔? pollution in the United States can be traced directly to automobile exhausts (廢氣). 可知這些數(shù)字表明汽車廢氣的后果，選C
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：nitrogen oxides which are formed when nitrogen and oxygen are in contact at high temperatures.可知 氮氧化合物和碳?xì)浠衔锸峭ㄟ^熱量結(jié)合的，選A
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：Besides their own poisonous character, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides react in the presence of sunlight to form harmful smog. 可知碳?xì)浠衔锉旧硪彩怯卸镜模xC
【小題4】細(xì)節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：states have ordered that alcohol be mixed with gas, as this will reduce emissions of the carbon monoxide by 35 per cent and the hydrocarbons by 15 per cent. 可知把酒精加入到汽油里面，是為了減少空氣污染。選B
考點(diǎn)：考查環(huán)保類短文

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A．seek high productivity constantly
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C．a(chǎn)re more focused when doing many things at a time
D．have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time
【小題2】When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they __________.
A．a(chǎn)ssessed the multitasking ability of the students
B．evaluated the academic achievements of the students
C．a(chǎn)nalyzed the effects of the participants’ tricky mental tasks
D．measured the changes of the students’ understanding ability
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A．limited power in calculation
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