Question

“The first and best of victories for a man is to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (沖動) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.
A single angry word has lost many friends. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whoever the gods would destroy, they first make them mad.” “Keep cool,” says Webster, “anger is not argument.” “Be calm in arguing,” says George Herbert, “for fierceness makes error a fault.”
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “begins with foolishness and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.
Self-control is man’s last and greatest victory.
If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking too.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Self- control is important for a man

B．We should learn to be strong.

C．A man who keeps cool won’t lose any game.

D．The great heroes in history knew how to control themselves.

小題2:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．If you are mad, the gods will fail you.

B．If you lose your temper first, gods will fail you first.

C．If you can’t control yourself, you will be crazy.

D．If the gods want to fail you, they will make you mad first.

小題3:Which of the following is NOT true, according to passage?

A．The first and best of victories for a man is to conquer himself.

B．You will make a small mistake serious if you don’t keep cool.

C．You must measure a man’s strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.

D．Anger begins with foolishness and ends with regret.

小題4:Which of the following can’t help you avoid anger, according to the passage?

A．Being calm in arguing

B．Checking your temper or anger by speaking low.

C．Keeping your mouth shut

D．Trying to make the other angry first.

小題5:If a man lacks self-control,______________________________

A．He will always be controlled by all the people all the time.

B．He will began with foolish everything every day and lack the strength.

C．Moral strength and nerve of character will lack as well.

D．He will have power of gover himself.

Answer 1

小題1:A
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:D
小題5:C 

試題分析：本文的大意是自控對人的重要性，如何控制我們的情感，失去自控意味著失去了一切。
小題1:主旨大意題。根據文章第 1 段的“The first and best of victories for a man is to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” 及全文的內容可知，本文的大意是“自控的重要性”。故答案選 A。
小題2:語義理解題。根據上文 you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease 可知答案選 D。
小題3:推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第 3 段的最后一句 You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him 可知，選項 C 與之矛盾。故答案選 C。
小題4:推理判斷題。根據文章第 2 段的第 2 句和第 3 句以及最后一句可以排除選項 A、B、C，從而得出答案為 D。
小題5:細節(jié)題：從文章最后一句話If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking too.
可知選C
點評：本文要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關系，結合自己的生活常識和經驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫作目的，讀者應當知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問題。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時我們務必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據，即：已知部分－推論的前提，從中推測出未知部分－推理的結論，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。