Yawning sends out certain messages -either “Oh，this movie is so boring” or “I probably need to get some sleep”. But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is overheated?
A new study, led by a research team at Princeton University, has indicated that yawning could be the brain’s natural way of regulating temperature. People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com.
The research team did an experiment on 160 people, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. The study found that people yawned more often in winter than in summer. Scientists say that when the air temperature is lower outside the body, there is heat exchange between the overheated brain and the cool air. But when the air temperature is higher than or equal to the body, people are less likely to yawn because the hot air they breathe in will make the brain even hotter.
When people yawn, their jaw is also stretched，which increases blood flow and may also help cool the brain
The study showed that the amount someone yawned could be related to the amount of time they spent outside. The longer they spent outside in summer, the less they yawned. Nearly 40 percent of participants yawned within their first five minutes outside, but after that the percentage was reduced to less than 10 percent.
However, the result was the opposite in winter. The number of people who yawned increased when they spent more than five minutes outdoors. But the change was only slight compared to summertime.
According to Gallup, this is the first report to show that yawning frequencies change depending on season. This could help us to understand better the way our brains work. It may also help us understand the reason why frequent yawning can sometimes be a sign of brain disease.
【小題1】The purpose of the experiment is ______.

A．to find the frequency of people’s yawning
B．to indicate brain can regulate temperature naturally
C．to prove people yawn in winter and in summer equally
D．to show the real reason why people yawn
【小題2】The information we get from Paragraphs 5 and 6 is that ______.
A．longer outdoor summertime results in more yawns
B．yawning frequency increases with outdoor time
C．yawning frequency changes with outdoor time
D．longer outdoor wintertime leads to fewer yawns
【小題3】Acorrding to the text，people yawn more often ______.
A．when the air temperature is equal to the body
B．when the hot air breathed in makes the brain hotter
C．when the air temperature is higher than the body
D．when the air temperature is lower outside the body
【小題4】What could be the best title for the text?
A．Yawning Is A Sign of Brain Disease
B．Yawning Cools Your Brain
C．Yawning Benefits Your Body
D．Yawning Carries Some Information


【小題1】A
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】B

解析試題分析：文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果，人們多長時(shí)間打一次哈欠，研究表明，當(dāng)外面的溫度比身體的溫度低的時(shí)候，人們就會(huì)打哈欠。打哈欠可以讓人的大腦冷靜下來。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：The research team did an experiment on 160 people, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. 可知這個(gè)研究的目的是看人們多長時(shí)間打一次哈欠，選A
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第五段的句子:The study showed that the amount someone yawned could be related to the amount of time they spent outside.可知人們打哈欠的時(shí)間和在戶外是時(shí)間有關(guān)，選 C
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com.可知當(dāng)外面的溫度比身體的溫度低的時(shí)候，人們就會(huì)打哈欠。選D
【小題4】標(biāo)題確定題：從第一段的句子：But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is overheated?可知打哈欠可以讓人的大腦冷靜下來。選B
考點(diǎn)：考查日常生活類短文

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

One day, when I was a freshman in high school, I saw Kyle from my class walking home from school. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I thought to myself, "Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday? He must really be a nerd (a foolish person)." I had quite a weekend planned, so I shrugged my shoulders and went on.
As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running towards him. They knocked all his books out of his arms and tripped(絆倒) him so he landed in the dirt. His glasses went flying, and I saw them land in the glass about ten feet from him. He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. So, I jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses, I saw a tear in his eye.
As I handed him his glasses, I said, "Those guys are jerks. They really should go to hell." He looked at me and said, "Hey, thanks!" There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles that showed real thankfulness. I asked him where he lived. As it turned out, he lived near me.
Over the next four years, Kyle and I became best friends. I teased him all the time about being a nerd. He had to prepare a speech for graduation. As he started his speech, he cleared his throat, and began. "Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you make it through those tough years. I am here to tell you a story."
I just looked at my friend with disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to kill himself over the weekend. He talked of how he had cleaned out his locker so his Mom wouldn't have to do it later and was carrying his stuff home. He looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. "Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from doing the unspeakable."
I heard the gasp(倒吸氣) go through the crowd as this handsome, popular boy told us all about his weakest moment. I saw his Mom and Dad looking at me and smiling that same grateful smile. Not until that moment did I realize its depth.
【小題1】Why did Kyle carry all his books home?

A．Because it was Friday.
B．Because he was a nerd.
C．Because he wanted to kill himself.
D．Because he liked doing things for his mother.
【小題2】Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The bunch of kids attacked Kyle to have his glasses and books.
B．The author planned to study all weekend after he met Kyle.
C．The author was a freshman when Kyle gave the speech.
D．Kyle felt grateful to the author for his help.
【小題3】What can we infer from the passage?
A．When Kyle couldn't find the glass, he turned to the author for help.
B．The author teased Kyle a lot about being a nerd.
C．The author didn't expect Kyle to tell the story.
D．Kyle thanked his parents first for saving his life.
【小題4】What does the underlined "them" in the 2nd paragraph refer to?
A．The kids. B．Kyle's books. C．Kyle's glasses.D．Kyle's arms.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Dear Michelle,
My Dad hates my Mom. He tells me that she is a liar and that I should not trust her. Of course, they are divorced but they have “joint custody” (共同監(jiān)護(hù)). What a joke! I am 15, my brother is nine, and we have a life of hell, frankly.
We live one week on and one week off. This was the brilliant idea of both of my parents, which was fair to them but ruining my life. I cannot get away from his voice and his putting my mom down. Sometimes I think about running away.
A Hopeless Ant
Dear Hopeless Ant,
First, thank you for trusting me with your problem. If all you said is correct, then there are several things that you can and should do to help yourself, your brother, and oddly enough, your parents.
You need a family counselor. Such a person could listen to each family member alone and then meet together to talk about the situation.
If refused, you need to talk to a counselor in your school. You need to be heard, and you need an adult who will listen. A school counselor can organize a meeting with your parents.
Perhaps you need to write to your mother. Writing things down allows people to go over it more than one time.
I cannot imagine that she will stand passively by and do nothing at all to help once she reads how you feel. Your father needs a letter as well. He may not realize the destructive effect that it has on his children.
Lastly, have a plan in mind when all else fails that is not self-destructive. Life passes very quickly, sweetheart, and you will grow up and have your own life.
Until then, you need to keep yourself safe. Never doubt that it will get better. Write back and let me know how everything is going.
Michelle
【小題1】The Hopeless Ant wrote the letter to ________.

A．express dissatisfaction with his parents
B．a(chǎn)sk for advice seriously
C．make his father punished
D．just make a joke
【小題2】The Hopeless Ant hated his father because ________.
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B．his father wasn’t friendly to his mother
C．his father divorced his mother
D．the Hopeless Ant couldn’t stay with his parents
【小題3】According to the text, which of the following is the Hopeless Ant in need of at present?
A．Keep himself/herself away from danger.
B．Have a talk with his/her parents.
C．Have his/her own family plan.
D．Write letters to families.
【小題4】In which part of a magazine will the text probably appear?
A．Entertainment B．Advertisement C．Life D．Education

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Sure, it’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.
And yes, it’s good to get along with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to relate to (理解)the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.
But really, there’s one super-important reason why you should get along with your teacher. When you do, “learning bursts right open,” says Evelyn Vuko, a longtime teacher who writes an education column（專欄） called “Teacher Says” for the Washington Post newspaper.
In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do your best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues, such as bullying(欺負(fù)人). 
As a kid in a primary or middle school, you’re at a wonderful stage in your life. You’re like a sponge(海綿), able to soak up lots of new and exciting information. On top of that, you’re able to think about all this information in new ways. Your teacher knows that, and in most cases, is very excited to be the person who’s giving you all that material and helping you put it together. Remember, teachers are people, too, and they feel great if you’re open to what they’re teaching you. That’s why they wanted to be teachers in the first place --- to teach!
Some kids may be able to learn in any situation, whether they like the teacher or not. But most kids are sensitive to the way they get along with the teacher, and if things aren’t going well, they won’t learn as well and won’t enjoy being in class.
【小題1】The passage mainly talks about _____.

A．how to get along well with teachers
B．the importance of a good relation with teachers
C．how much the students are expected of to get along with teachers
D．how to make the time in the classroom more pleasant
【小題2】 “Learning bursts right open” in the third paragraph really means _____.
A．learning becomes easier for you at once　　　　　
B．you find an opening to learning　　　　　
C．there’ll be more problems with learning　　　　　
D．there’ll be no problems with learning.
【小題3】According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．You are getting on well with your teachers, so you have more questions than others.
B．You find it comfortable to ask questions, so you can build a good relationship with teachers.
C．You have a good relationship with teacher, so you can turn to him/ her when in trouble.
D．You are in trouble, so you can build a good relationship with teachers.
【小題4】Which of the comments is FALSE on teachers and their work according to the passage?
A．Teachers are excited even if you wouldn’t like to accept their teaching.
B．Teachers sometimes have the same feelings as students do.　　　　
C．Though few there are still some students who can learn even if they don’t like the teacher.　　
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UN officials say some things are clear. The Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, Shamshad Akhtar, says world food production will have to increase by 70%, that increase will be needed to feed the additional 2.3 billion people expected on the planet by the middle of the century. She says an important part of meeting that need is to waste less food. "There has to be efforts to reduce food wastage. ."
Food and nutrition security are core elements of the sustainable development agenda.
【小題1】The survey includes the following statements except that ______.

A．varieties of demands are hard to meet because of the increasing population in Africa and Asia.
B．one way to put an end to poverty is to be able to develop for a long time.
C．transportation is an important issue to deal with when it comes to sustainable development of urban areas.
D．hundreds of millions of people around the world are affected by the problem of food insecurity.
【小題2】From the passage we can infer that ______.
A．cities grow so fast that the world can’t find out new ways to deal with the growing population.
B．the growing city dwellers who mainly come from the developing countries greatly challenge limited resources in the world.
C．sustainable development of urban areas requires coordination and investments to deal with important issues
D．food wastage is an effective way to feed the additional 2.3 biilion people by the middle of the century.
【小題3】What is the best titile of the passage?
A．The World Economic and Social Survey 2013.
B．City Population Will Increase to 9 Billion.
C．Cities Need to Cooperate with Rural Areas.
D．The World Is Not Prepared to Deal with the Fast Growth of Cities.
【小題4】The passage is chosen from ______.
A．a(chǎn) textbook B．a(chǎn) travel guide C．a(chǎn) novel D．a(chǎn) newspaper

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

A Charlotte N.C. man was charged with first-degree murder of a 79-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death. Can the guy be held responsible for the woman’s death? Prosecutors (公訴人) said that he can under the state’s murder rule, which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person’s death while committing or fleeing from a severe crime—even if he or she doesn’t kill someone on purpose.
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Absolutely, no question about it.
The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response, which was originally described by Walter Cannon，chairman of Harvard University’s physiology department from 1906 to 1942. If, in the wild, an animal is faced with a life-threatening situation, the automatic nervous system responds by increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow to the muscles, and slowing digestion, among other things. All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast. This process certainly would be of help to early humans. However, in the modern world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.
The autonomic nervous system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response. This chemical is poisonous in large amounts; it damages the organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart. There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death.
By the way, any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result. There are people who have died in excitement or in religious passion. There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one, turned to his partner and said, “I can die now”, and then he dropped dead.
【小題1】What is Martin Samuels’ attitude to the possibility of being frightened to death?

A．Approval. B．Disapproval. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 
【小題2】What can we learn about the fight-or-flight response according to the passage?
A．The fight-or-flight response was raised and proved by Martin Samuels. 
B．It is a natural protective method that can’t be found in all creatures but humans. 
C．The ancient humans had a better fight-or-flight response than modern ones. 
D．The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs. 
【小題3】What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?
A．Winning an unexpected fortune. 
B．Missing a dead family member. 
C．Watching a horror movie.  
D．Listening to a sweet song. 
【小題4】The purpose of the passage is ______.
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

In a generous display of maturity and sympathy, one Jewish boy made his first deed as a man in his faith a great act of charity. Joshua Neidorf, a 13-year-old boy from Los Angeles, donated most of his birthday money to Operation Mend, a program that reconstructs the faces of severely burned U. S. veterans（退伍老兵）.
The young man decided to donate his money after getting to know Army Sgt. Louis Dahlman, who was undergoing a series of reconstruction surgeries（手術(shù)）at UCLA（University of California at Los Angeles）thanks to Operation Mend. The Neidorfs had signed up to be Dahlman’s “buddy family”, spending time with him whenever he visited Los Angeles for a surgery.
“I just love knowing that it’s going somewhere...to help the people who save our lives and keep us safe every day,” said Neidorf. His mother added, “It makes me feel like our world is going in a good direction with this next generation.”
In all, Neidorf gave $13,000 to Operation Mend. He also encouraged his friends to donate to the cause. He is the organization’s youngest donor so far.
Operation Mend is a privately funded program that works in partnership with the UCLA Medical Center. Ron Katz, a board member at the hospital, started the program in 2006 after seeing a TV programme about Aaron Mankin, a veteran who had gone through dozens of surgeries after a fight in Iraq which completely burned off his face.
Mankin ended up being Operation Mend’s first patient, starting the first of 20 reconstructive facial surgeries at UCLA in Sept. 2007. In a 2011 interview, Katz shared how his experience of helping Mankin made him realize the need to establish a more permanent program. “My wife and I soon realized that there were dozens of Aarons out there,” Katz said. “They deserve the best that we offer them.”
【小題1】Neidorf decided to help veterans because ________.

A．he benefited from Operation Mend B．he was afraid of burned faces
C．he thought they deserved help D．he didn’t know how to spend money
【小題2】Operation Mend was founded after ________.
A．Neidorf donated part of his birthday money
B．the Neidorfs signed up to be Dahlman’s “buddy family”
C．Ron Katz saw a TV programme about a veteran
D．Mankin was successfully operated on at UCLA
【小題3】What can we learn from the passage?
A. Neidorf’s mother was opposed to his decision to donate money.
B. Mankin’s face was burned in a fire in America.
C. Mankin went through more than 30 facial surgeries at UCLA.
D. Many facial surgeries are needed to reconstruct a seriously burned face.
【小題4】The last two paragraphs mainly tell us ________.
A．the process of Mankin’s surgery B．how Operation Mend was set up
C．how Katz became famous D．veterans are respected by people

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

People are different. Some are extrovert. These people are outgoing, confident, and know the “gift of the gab”. They also feel very comfortable when in groups of people.
Unfortunately we have the other extreme. This is the introvert. The introvert feels sick in crowds, and does not like them. These people feel awkward in the crowds, when placed in this type of situation. Many introverts are shy and lack confidence. They need to get used to people, and want to run away when questioned by people.
The introvert feels very lonely in a crowd, but this could happen to the outgoing  as well.
I think that I fall into the middle of the two kinds. Sometimes if I am comfortable about the type of people in the crowds, I feel welcome. If for some reason the crowd consists of different types of people, then I do not feel very comfortable in the crowd.
So what do I do when I suddenly feel lost and alone in the crowd? I try to calm my mind by taking deep breath and telling myself that even this will pass. I then try, and get away from the crowd by making excuses or even trying to get to my car and go home. This, of course, is a poor excuse and doesn’t often work well. These are excuses that are employed. The ones that I am not so proud of are acting like I have an emergency to go to. This is a very good lie, but I feel really bad afterwards.
I have tried this one, and have succeeded. I try and find someone who feels just like I do. I then try and make a new friend. Sometimes this works and sometimes it does not. This is quite a noble way of staying in the crowd.
【小題1】What is the best title of the passage?

A．What is the character of the introvert?
B．Why do people feel lonely in a crowd?
C．How can we make ourselves calm down in a crowd?
D．What do you do when you suddenly feel lonely in a crowd?
【小題2】The word “extrovert” is most likely to mean ______.
A．seriousB．excitedC．outgoingD．nervous
【小題3】From the fourth paragraph we can infer that _____.
A．the writer is good at getting along with others
B．the writer does not like to deal with people from other regions
C．the writer sometimes does not feel very comfortable in the crowd
D．the writer has double personality when faced with different types of people
【小題4】When the writer feels lonely, he prefers to calm down by _____.
A．making a callB．making excuses
C．holding his breathD．deep breathing

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Xu Hui is very excited. The Senior 1 student in a middle school in Beijing will go to South Korea with his parents during the Spring Festival.
“Overseas touring has always been a dream for me,” he said happily.
Nowadays, Chinese people enjoy longer holidays, such as the three “Golden Week Holidays”(the Spring Festival, May Day and National Day). They have more time to travel. Rising incomes also make travelling abroad realistic for ordinary Chinese people.
Nearly 7 million Chinese travelled overseas in 2001, according to the National Tourism Administration(國家旅游局). The most common problem travellers face is how to choose the best routes(路線).
By the end of 2002, Chinese citizens were allowed to travel to 19 foreign countries and regions at their own expense.
The top 10 places included Hong Kong, Macao and Thailand. European countries are also becoming increasingly popular.
“More and more Chinese people have shown interest in travelling to Europe, particularly France and Finland,” said Tan Wen, a general manager of China Youth Travel Service. “Sooner or later, there will be a peak(高峰) in European tours.”
Another consideration is choosing the right travel agencies and finding the best price. The China Consumers’ Association(CCA, 中國消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)) offered tips to consumers on choosing the right travel agencies to help prevent a relaxing vacation from turning into a costly disaster.
“Price should not be the single most important factor in choosing a travel agency,” said Zhang Yuanchao, CCA vice-secretary general. Consumers are advised to choose large State travel agencies with good reputations(名聲) and official approval to organize overseas tour groups.
Zhang’s association dealt with more than 5, 000 complaints about travel agencies(旅行社) last year. And the majority of the complaints were about random changes in travel routes, bad tour guides, and forced shopping.
Travellers were warned to look carefully at their contracts(合同) with agencies and to buy travel insurance(保險(xiǎn)).
【小題1】How many reasons are given in the article as to why ordinary Chinese people are traveling abroad more today?

A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
【小題2】According to the passage, what is the biggest problem Chinese travelers face when going overseas?
A．Choosing the best travel agent.
B．Deciding the best way to get to the places they want to go to.
C．Traveling to Europe.
D．Cost.
【小題3】According to the passage, what seems to be the most common result of choosing a bad travel agency?
A．People buy more souvenirs than they had planned to.
B．People spend more money than they had planned to.
C．People go to different places than they had planned to.
D．People complained more than they had planned to.
【小題4】The underlined part “random changes” probably means that _______.
A．the travelers agreed with the changes.
B．the travel agency didn’t make any changes.
C．the travel agency refused to changes the routes.
D．the travel agency changed the routes or time without following the original plan.
【小題5】 What would be a good title for this passage?
A．Xu Hui’s Vacation in South Korea
B．The Job of the National Tourism Administration
C．Where Young Chinese Travelers Go
D．Suggestions for the Chinese Travelers

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