Question

I.閱讀理解

A [2015 .江淮名校高三第二次聯(lián)考] People laugh and people cry. But it is thought that emo?tions such as anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears (落淚者)is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears. But judging from recent studies of crying behaviour, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive (適得其反).

Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emo?tional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that increase survival.

Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother) ， the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal(有聲的)cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears that there must be something special about tears themselves.

Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in easing stress. University of Minneso?ta researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently separated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of expo?sure to cutting onions would contain no such substance.

Other researchers are looking into the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane University's Tear Analysis Laboratory Dr Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse, to study the causes of "dry eye" syndrome(綜合征）and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to meas?ure exposure to environmental pollutants.

1.  What does the phrase " both those responses" in Para?graph 1 refer to ？

A.    Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happi?ness.

B.     The embarrassment and unpleasant feelings of the ob?servers.

C.     Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.

D.    丁he tear shedder's apology and the observer's effort to stop the crying.

 2. It is known from the first paragraph that .

 A.     shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to Americans

B.     crying may often result in tragedy

C.     crying usually wins sympathy from other people

D.     one who sheds tears in public will be blamed

3.What does the author say about crying?

 A.     It is a pointless physiological response to the environ?ment.

B.     It must have a role to play in man's survival.

C.     It is meant to get attention and assistance.

D.     It usually produces the desired effect.

4. From the passage we can infer that .

 A.     it is unnatural for people to shed tears

B.     we can reduce our stress by shedding emotional tears

C.     shedders of tears can't get help by crying loudly

D.     unlike animals, humans can shed tears for survival

Answer 1

I.閱讀理解

A [文章大意]本文是一篇健康類文章。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)槟撤N情感而流淚能夠減輕壓力，研究人員在情緒性的淚水中發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種物質(zhì)， 而切洋蔥時(shí)流出的淚水中不含這兩種物質(zhì)。

1.D 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"The shedder of tears(落淚者）is likely to apologize? even when a great tragedy was the cause. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the e-motional tears."可知，both those responses指的是流淚者的道歉和他人的安慰。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句"The shedder of tears (落淚者)is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause."可知，即使是因?yàn)楹鼙瘧K的事情落淚，只要被人看見，落淚者就會(huì)道歉。據(jù)此推斷落淚在美國人的概念里會(huì)給別人帶來不好的感受。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"…crying is a way to ask for assis?tance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother) ， the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal (出聲的) cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention."可知人們普遍認(rèn)為哭是一種求助和引起注意的方式。故選C項(xiàng)。

4. B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"…emotional tears may play a di?rect role in easing stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently sepa?rated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemi?cals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion.，， 可知，情緒性的眼淚含有兩種特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這種物質(zhì)能減輕壓力；受到洋蔥刺激而流出的眼淚中不含這兩種物質(zhì)。據(jù)此推斷，情緒性的眼淚能減輕壓力。故選B項(xiàng)。