Question

【題目】任務(wù)型閱讀,請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。

Antibiotics, insulin, organ transplantation, HIV treatments and heart-bypass surgeries—it reads like an A to Z of medical progress. But the major progress has something in common: they were all developed and tested by using animals. Actually, animals are used for research in a variety of settings. Whether or not humans should use animals for testing purposes, however, is a controversial subject.

Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society. For example, many drugs used to treat or prevent cancer, HIV, diabetes, etc, have resulted from tests performed on animals. Many advocators of animal testing support the practice for this reason, even if they do not support testing, cosmetics or other non-essential substances on animals. No one chooses to use animals where there in no need. In fact, animal research has contributed to 70 percent of Nobel prizes for physiology or medicine.

Animal testing also enables scientists and researchers to test the safety of medicine and other substances with which humans have regular contact. Drugs, for example , may create significant risks to humans, so testing them on animals first gives researchers a chance to determine their safety before human trials are performed. While scientists understand the differences between humans and animals, the similarities are considered significant enough to produce relevant data that they can then apply to humans. This, animal testing reduces harm to humans and saves lives, not only because the exposure to risky substances is minimized, but because some new medicine and treatments have positive effects on humans’ overall quality of life.

However, a significant number of animals are harmed or die as a result of experiments and testing. Unfortunately, many of the substances used on animal subjects never receive approval for human use or consumption. Those who oppose animal testing consider this a very important point , because saving humans from suffering is no excuse for the death of laboratory animals. Opponents also argue that animals are dissimilar enough from humans to make the results of animals tests unreliable. Related criticism is that testing causes stress in animals, meaning that they do not react to experimental substances in the same way that they might in natural circumstances, making the results of experiments less valid

Using animals as research subjects is also expensive because they require food, shelter, care and treatment in addition to the costs of experimental substances. Long-term or multi-stage tests can increase the costs of the practice as well. The actual price paid for animals is also worth considering. In this respect, researchers take on an additional burden.

Title	Should Humans Experiment on Animals?
Introduction	Many __【1】___ have been made on medical research by using animal testing
__【2】______ about animal testing	People _【3】_____ up for it	New medicine and treatments can be developed. Advancements in the field of medicine and _【4】_________ in humans’ health can be made. Researchers can __【5】_____patients the safety of new treatments and medicine. Scientists can collect research data in ____【6】______ with humans’ medical problem. Harm done to humans will be reduced to the 【7___ and more lives will be saved.
	People opposing it	The experiments may put many animals’ lives at _【8】_______. Experiments may not ____【9】____ produce reliable results because animals do not react normally under stress. Researchers will be __【10】_______ with the extra costs of animals and their care.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】advances

【2】Opinions/Views

【3】standing

【4】improvement(s)

【5】guarantee/ensure

【6】link/connection

【7】minimum

【8】risk

【9】necessarily

【10】burdened

【解析】

試題分析：本文是記敘文。文章講述了人們對于動物實驗的兩種對立的態(tài)度。

【1】advances 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。從第二段第一句“Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society.”可知，可把原文中的現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞。

【2】Opinions/Views 考查內(nèi)容歸納。從表格可以看出，人們對于動物實驗分別抱有贊成和發(fā)對的態(tài)度。

【3】standing 考查內(nèi)容歸納。從表格右邊的內(nèi)容可知，空格對應(yīng)的是贊成的人。stand up for支持。

【4】improvement(s) 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。從第二段第一句“Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society.”可知，可把原文中的現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞。

【5】guarantee/ensure 考查同義表述。從第三段第一句“Animal testing also enables scientists and researchers to test the safety of medicine and other substances with which humans have regular contact.”可知，科學(xué)家能通過動物實驗測試藥物的安全，也就是說動物測試能保證患者安全。

【6】link/connection 考查同義表述。從第三段倒數(shù)第二句“While scientists understand the differences between humans and animals, the similarities are considered significant enough to produce relevant data that they can then apply to humans.”中的“relevant”可知，空格處填入與此詞意思相近的詞。

【7】minimum 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。從第三段最后一句“This, animal testing reduces harm to humans and saves lives, not only because the exposure to risky substances is minimized, but because some new medicine and treatments have positive effects on humans’ overall quality of life.”可知，過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞。

【8】risk 考查同義表述。從第四段第一句“However, a significant number of animals are harmed or die as a result of experiments and testing.”動物實驗導(dǎo)致很多動物受到傷害或者死亡，也就是說使動物處于危險之中。

【9】necessarily 考查同義表述。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第一句“Related criticism is that testing causes stress in animals, meaning that they do not react to experimental substances in the same way that they might in natural circumstances, making the results of experiments less valid.”

可知，動物實驗不一定能提供可靠的根據(jù)。

【10】burdened 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。從最后一段最后一句“The actual price paid for animals is also worth considering. In this respect, researchers take on an additional burden.”可知照料動物會使實驗者感到重負荷。