As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak points in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications(規(guī)范).
A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behaviour, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in the position. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies(詳細(xì)說明) that the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.
There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages in all of them. Successful training performances depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “off the job” in classroom, but training in using these skills takes place “on the job,” by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.
It’s always difficult to evaluate the costs of a training programme. The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.
小題1:     The writer mainly wants to tell us_____by the passage.
A． Why firms should pay attention to staff training
B． Staff training must have a purpose
C． Purposes and methods are most important in staff training
D． How to evaluate a training programme
小題2:A training specification specifies_____
A． the training contents and methods
B． the cost and savings of the programme
C． the performance required for a certain job
D． the behaviour, knowledge and skills expected of an employee
小題3:To be successful in training programmes, we must understand the difference between_____
A． the purposes and the methods
B． job description and job specification
C． what is taught and how it is taught
D． learning about skills and training in using them
小題4:The underlined word “evaluate”means_____
A．find out the price ofB．judge the value of
C．deal withD．expect and believe

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:B

小題1:只有該項(xiàng)能概括文章的主旨，其它選項(xiàng)都是片面的
小題2:由第二段的最后一句可知
小題3:由第三段的最后兩句可知
小題4:evaluate意為“評估”
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

NASA is moving ahead with plans to put a long-armed lander on Mars’ icy north pole to search for clues①for water and possible signs of life.
The $386 million Phoenix Mars is planned to touch down in the Martian arctic in 2008. The stationary probe will use its robotic arm to dig into the icy land and pick up soil samples②to analyze. In 2002, the Mars Odyssey orbiter spotted evidence of ice-rich soil near the arctic surface.
Scientists hope the Phoenix mission will find clues to the geologic history of water on the Red Planet and determine whether microbes③existed in the ice.
Phoenix will be the first mission of the Mars Scout program, a renewed, low-cost effort to study the Red Planet. “The Phoenix mission explores new territory in the northern plains of Mars analogous to the permafrost regions on Earth,” Peter Smith said.
True to its name, Phoenix rose from the ashes of previous④missions. The lander for Phoenix was built to fly as part of the 2001 Mars Surveyor program. But the program broke down after the well-known disappearance of the Mars Polar Lander in 1999. The Polar Lander lost contact during a landing attempt near the planet’s south pole after its rocket engine shut off prematurely, causing the spacecraft to fall about 130 feet to almost certain destruction.
The Phoenix probe had been in storage at a Lockheed Martin clean room in Denver before it was reused for its present mission. It will carry science instruments that were designed for the Mars Surveyor program including an improved panoramic camera and a trench-digging robotic arm. Phoenix will lift off from the Kennedy Space Center in August 2007 and land on the planet nine months later.
Notes:
①    clue  n. 線索
②    sample  n. 標(biāo)本，樣品
③    microbe  n. 微生物
④    previous  adj. 先前的
小題1:The passage mainly tells readers that _________.
A．clues of water will be found in Phoenix
B．Phoenix will be sent to find clues of water on Mars
C．August 2007 will see Phoenix lift off
D．the Mars Scout program will be carried out
小題2: The underlined word “prematurely” (paragraph 5) means _________.
A．on timeB．behind the timeC．out of workD．a(chǎn)head of time
小題3: According to the passage, we know Phoenix will land on Mars _________.
A．in May 2008B．in August 2007
C．in August 2008D．in September 2008
小題4: According to the passage, the name “Phoenix” is after the meaning of _________.
A．rebirthB．deathC．energyD．hope
小題5:After Phoenix lands on Mars, we can infer it will firstly _________.
A．find soil samples and send them to the earth
B．look for the icy land to dig for the soil samples
C．take photos and send them to the earth
D．find the remains of the Mars Polar Lander

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The dams① aimed at saving Venice from the waves have been backed greatly. After eight years of argument, it plans to build 79 gates across three channels connecting the lagoon around Venice with the Adriatic Sea. The gates would be open most of the time but would be closed if there is a danger to the city.
The project, though, has run into fears that it could worsen Venice’s problems. The city throws waste into the lagoon, and environmentalists fear the dams will cause this pollution to become worse if there is no tide to wash it out regularly. But if there is a tide, the flow can wash away about 550 million cubic meters of the lagoon in a single day, which means that by leaving the dam open for only a few hours, the waste should be cleaned out.
Another piece of good news is that British scientists are confident that the dams will be able to face an expected rise in sea levels caused by global warming. The gates are designed to stand a 22-centimetre rise in sea levels, but many scientists expect a global rise in sea levels of 31cm by 2100.
However, Trevor Davies and Isabel Trigo from University of East Anglia believe the dams are unlikely to broken. Climate change will weaken the local storms in the Adriatic that are the main cause of flood risk. Floodwaters are also a seasonal danger in Venice, usually because of a combination of spring tides and strong winds.
Venice, which rests on wooden piles driven into boggy③ ground, has been sinking for centuries, worsening the encroachment by the sea.
Notes:
① dam  n. 大壩
② lagoon  n. 瀉湖
③ boggy  adj. 泥濘的
④ encroachment  n. 蠶食
Choose the best answers according to the above:
1. Which of the following is the main idea of the text?
A. Venice will not disappear into the sea.
B. Dams are designed to protect Venice.
C. Venice are facing dangers from the tides.
D. Global warming makes Venice worse and worse.
2. If the project comes into use, the waste in the lagoon ______.
A. will be washed away by the tides               B. will be sent to the higher places
C. will be carried away by workers                D. will have to be reused by humans
3. According to the idea of Trevor Davies, the dams won’t be broken because ______.
A. the dams are higher than the buildings in Venice
B. there will be no tides or floods in the future
C. the climate all over the world will soon be cold
D. the storms in the Adriatic will be weaker in the future
4. According to the text, we can infer that Venice ______.
A. has been sinking for hundreds of years
B. may suffer from spring tides and strong winds
C. will be under the sea sooner or later
D. will be a city with dams around except 78 gates

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Few people would defend the Victorian attitude on children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and his colleagues did away with all that and parents have been puzzled ever since. The child’s happiness is all- important, they say, but what about the parents’ happiness? Modern child-rearing manuals（撫養(yǎng)孩子手冊）would never permit cruelty to children .The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological(心理的)wounds you might cause? The poor child may never recover from the dreadful experience. So it is the parents that bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complex which a hundred years ago hadn’t even been heard of. Certainly, a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissive(縱容) of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.
Psychologists(心理學(xué)家) have succeeded in weakening parents confidence in their own authority. And it hasn’t taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on child care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much advice flying about, mum and dad just don’t know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents’ lives are regulated according to the needs of their kids. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lack of authority over the years makes teenagers rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for example, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey?
小題1:The author says that today’s parents _______.
A．a(chǎn)re bombarded with excessive amounts of child-care literature.
B．draw a distinction between permissiveness and carelessness.
C．a(chǎn)re only towards children from happy home backgrounds.
D．weigh their children’s knowledge rather than intelligence.
小題2:The phrase “get wind of” (Para.2) most likely means _______ .
A．become used toB．try to avoid
C．realizeD．become puzzled of
小題3:Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?
A．Victorian child rearing is a model for parents to follow.
B．Psychologists have much to answer for today’s problems on child care.
C．With the help of so much advice, raising children is easier than ever.
D．Parents like to enjoy the freedom when there is a party in the house.
小題4:What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．The excessive permissiveness of today’s parents is harmful to children.
B．Psychologists shouldn’t interfere so much with child care.
C．Parents should hold the Victorian attitudes towards children.
D．Children are too sensitive to be hurt.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The United States will introduce a new and comprehensive(綜合的) exam for students who seek to study in American and other English-speaking countries, Xinhua News Agency reported from New York.
The exam, which stands for a great change from the current English level test, was disclosed by Theresa Chang Wei Jen, associate director of the International Service of the US College Board, America’s leading educational organization.
The Advanced Placement International English Language (APIEL) will be offered for the first time throughout the world on May 10, 2002, said Jen.
However, the APIEL is a strange title to most Chinese students, and it is unlikely to soon gain the similarity of other already existing exams, such as the TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language), the GRE(Graduate Record Examination), or the IELTS(International English Language Testing System).
“I have never heard of such a test and I would prefer the IELTS if I need another exam,” said Xu Jingyan, a graduating student from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, who wants to study in England and has already taken the TOEFL.
Most of Xu’s classmates have never heard of the APIEL. “The APIEL is designed for international students who wish to get university studies in English-speaking countries, including the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia.” said Jen.
The APIEL has been adopted, said Jen, because the TOEFL can no longer accurately reflect the abilities of students of using the English language comprehensively in an academic environment. Xinhua reported that a fairly large number of foreign students who earned high scores in TOEFL exam turned out to be very ordinary educational performers after admission.
Compared with the TOEFL, the APIEL measures a student’s ability to read, write, speak and understand English through testing his or her skills in listening comprehension, speaking with accuracy(精確) and resourcefulness, and writing with clarity and fluency(流暢), Jen said.
小題1:The United States will introduce a new exam because _______.
A．more and more students want to get further education in the USA
B．the Chinese people pay special attention to English studies with China’s entry into the WTO
C．the already existing exam systems seem to be far from perfect
D．it will bring the US government quite a lot of money
小題2:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the selection？
A．It will take quite a period of time for people to accept the APIEL.
B．The TOEFL is more popular with the Chinese than the IELTS.
C．A student will have to take the APIEL if he or she wants to study in English—speaking countries from 2002.
D．Chinese students will prefer the IELTS rather than the APIEL even in the future.
小題3:The underlined word current in the second paragraph means _______.
A．modern B．present C．standard D．formal
小題4:Please decide which of the following would be the best title for this news report.
A．The Key to English-speaking Countries
B．The Four Skills in Learning English
C．TOEFL, IELTS and GRE to be Out of Date
D．New Exam Designed for Students

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The United States government wants to know what the public thinks about its findings on the safety of cloned animals.
The Food and Drug Administration says meat and milk from clones of adult cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat. An F.D.A. official called them "as safe to eat as the food we eat every day." And when those clones reproduce sexually（有性繁殖）, the agency says, their offspring（后代） are safe to eat as well. But research on cloned sheep is limited. So the F.D.A. proposes that sheep clones not be used for human food.
The United States this year could become the first country to approve the sale of foods from cloned animals. First, however, the public will have ninety days to comment on three proposed documents. On December 28th the F.D.A. released a long report, called a draft risk assessment, along with two policy documents.
The agency says it must receive comments by April second. The F.D.A. seemed ready to act several years ago, but an advisory committee called for more research.
For now, the government will continue to ask producers to honor a request that they not sell foods from cloned animals.
Clones are still rare. They cost a lot and are difficult to produce.
The F.D.A. says most food from cloning is expected to come not from clones themselves, but from their sexually reproduced offspring. It says clones are expected to be used mostly as breeding animals to spread good qualities.
Public opinion studies show most Americans do not like the idea of food from cloned animals. But this research also shows the public knows little about cloning.
Cloning differs from genetic engineering. A cell taken from a so-called donor animals is grown into an embryo（胚胎）in the laboratory. Next, the embryo is placed into the uterus（子宮）of a female animal. If the process is successful, the pregnancy reaches full term and a genetic copy of the donor animal is born.
小題1:From the passage we know that               .
A．foods from cloned animals are popular in America
B．cloned adult animals are safe to eat except sheep.
C．cloned animals will be easy to produce
D．most foods from cloning is expected to take place of other foods
小題2:The main purpose of the text is to               .
A．tell a interesting storyB．give some advice on foods
C．give a reportD．compare different opinions
小題3:Who believe that foods from cloning are safe to eat?
A. Most Americans     B. An advisory committee
C. Critics             D. The F.D.A.
小題4:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that         .
A．cloning has much in common with genetic
B．not every cell taken from a donor animal can grow into a genetic copy
C．the donor animal should be a female one
D．cloned animals grow faster than normal ones

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Why did humans evolve to walk upright? Perhaps because it’s just plain easier. Make that “energetically less costly”, scientifically speaking.
Bipedalism—walking on two feet, is one of the defining characteristics of being humans, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimps(黑猩猩)to walk on a treadmill(跑步機(jī))while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles(膝關(guān)節(jié)).That measurement of the energy needed to move around was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week’s online edition of “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”.
It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one-quarter of the energy that chimps use while knucklewalking on four limbs(肢).And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.
However, there were differences among chimps in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different manner of walking and anatomy(解剖構(gòu)造).One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.
“What we were surprised at was the variation(變異) ”, he said in a telephone interview. Interview. “That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution.”
Walking on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to drive the world, said Raichlen. “We think about the evolution of bipedalism as one of first events that led hominids(原始人)down the path to being humans.”
The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L.S.B.Leakey Foundation.
小題1: The underlined word “Bipedalism” in Paragraph 2 probably means____.
A．moving sidewaysB．walking upright
C．walking on four legsD．running fast
小題2:We can infer from the passage that____.
A．scientists have no idea on how humans’ walking on two legs came about
B．scientists have had different views on why chimps walk on four legs
C．scientists have had different views on how humans’ walking on two legs vame about
D．scientists have had similar views on how humans’ walking on two legs came about
小題3:What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．How chimps saved energy.
B．Why chimps didn't walk on two legs.
C．David Raichlen studied chimps.
D．Different chimps consumed different energy.
小題4: According to the passage, humans walk upright in order to____.
A．conserve energyB．differ from other animals
C．free their brainsD．strengthen their legs

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Like a scene out of a reality show or a Disney movie, Southgate, Mich., teenager Ashley Qualls' moment has arrived.
She may not have an MBA, a high-school diploma, or even a driver’s license yet, but Asheley Qualls already has an influential website (www. Whateverlife.Com). The 17-year-old girl hass been building her online business for two years.
In December 2004, Qualls borrowed $8 from her mother to buy the Whateverlife.com. domain name (域名). She intended to use the website as a way to share her design for My Space pages woth her friends.
But in the incontrollable, fast-moving world of cyberspace, others began noticing Qualls’ site even though she never has spent a penny on advertising.
When it comes to web traffic, Whateverlife.com .currently ranks No. 825 out of 20.3 million websites, drawing 2.4 million visitors worldwide during the last 30 days. Qualls said that on average, 72% of her site's audience made a return visit.
Whateverlife.com earned a million dollars in revenue last year and is on track to do the same this year.
"I'm stubborn and I'm independent," she said from her office in the basement of her house. "I like the feeling that it's my company, and I want to have the say-so （主張）in everything."
But don’t mistake Qualls for another smart but spoiled teenager. She is growing up fast but owns talent for life and business that elude many girls of her age.
The task of running a million-dollar company isn’t without its sacrifices( 犧牲) and challenges for a teenager. Qualls dropped out of Lincoln Park High School after her sophomore year to work fulltime on Whateverlife.com, a decision that she said shocked her family, friends and teachers . She now is studying to get her degree in graphic design.
小題1:Many people noticed Qualls’ site because_____________________.
A．it was set up by a 17-year-old girl
B．Qualls shares her design with her friends
C．Qualls has been building her online business
D．the world cyberspace develops fast and uncontrollable
小題2: Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?
A．Qualls’ Website Whateverlife .com. No. 825 in 20.3 million websites.
B．About 2.4 million visitors worldwide visit her website every month.
C．Most of her audience have visited her website at least twice.
D．Qualls has the right to decide everything in her company.
小題3:The underlined word “elude” in the 8th paragraph means_______________.
A．a(chǎn)voidB．embarrassC．exceedD．encourage

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Suppose we built a robot to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors(探測器) to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No, the robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.
According to evolutionary(進(jìn)化的) theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
The evolutionary theory explain the differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.
小題1:The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us _______.
A．the differences between robots and men
B．the reason why men need to sleep
C．a(chǎn)bout the need for robots to save power
D．a(chǎn)bout the danger of men working at night
小題2:Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ______.
A．keep up a regular pattern of life
B．prevent trouble that comes looking for him
C．a(chǎn)void danger and inefficient labor
D．restore his bodily functions
小題3:Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A．Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.
B．The study of sleep is an important art of the evolutionary theory.
C．Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.
D．The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.

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