When we're learning a foreign language, making sense of what we hear is the first step toward fluency. It sounds obvious, but until recently, we didn't know much about how listening works. New research shows that effective listening involves more than simply hearing the words that float past our ears. Rather, it's an active process of analysing information and making meaning.
Studies of skilled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to excellent comprehension. In addition to that benefit, research has shown that learners who adopt these strategies become better listeners.
So what are listening strategies? Skilled learners go into a listening activity with a sense of what they want to get out of it. They set a goal for their listening, and they make predictions about what the speaker will say. Before the talking begins, they review what they already know about the subject, and form an intention to “l(fā)isten out for”what's important. Once they begin listening, these learners maintain their focus; if their attention wanders, they bring it back to the words being spoken. They don't allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details. Instead, they take note of what they don't understand and later make inferences(推測(cè))about what those things might mean, based on other clues available to them: their previous knowledge of the subject, the identity of the speaker, and so on. All the while, skilled learners are evaluating what they're hearing and their own understanding of it. They're checking their inferences to see if they're correct.
Such strategies are all about thinking, and they produce a variety of benefits. Research indicates that such learners are better at analysing and storing new information, better at finding the best ways to practice what they have learned. Last year, for example, University of Ottawa researcher Larry Vandergrift published his study of 106 undergraduates who were learning French as a second language. Half of the students were taught in a traditional fashion, listening to and practicing texts spoken aloud. The other half, dealing with the same skill level and taught by the same teacher, were given clear instruction on how to listen. In the journal Language Learning, Vandergrift reported the results: The second group “significantly outperformed(勝過(guò))” the first one on a test of comprehension. In a 2006 study by researchers from Singapore, Chinese speakers who were learning English as a second language reported increased motivation and confidence after they were taught metacognitive strategies.
Though listening is often treated as a way to make others feel appreciated, it's also one of the most powerful tools we have to gain information and insight(洞察力).
General idea of paragraphs
Detailed information
__小題1:__of effective listening
It includes our hearing the words and _小題2:_of the information to get the meaning.
The _小題3:__of specific listening strategies
★It will lead to excellent comprehension.
★L(fēng)earners _小題4:_them can become better listeners.
 Listening strategies
★Review the _小題5:__fact about the subject.
★Set a goal for listening.
★__小題6:__the speaker's information.
★Maintain the _小題7:__on the words being spoken.
★Take note of the confusing details for later inferences.
★Evaluate the information being heard, the understanding of it and its __小題8:__.
The results of the experiment
Learners are more __小題9:__and confident.
_小題10:__
Listening can make others feel appreciated and help the listeners gain information and insight.

小題1:Definition
小題2:analysis
小題3:benefits
小題4:adopting
小題5:known
小題6:Predict
小題7:focus
小題8:accuracy
小題9:motivated
小題10:Conclusion
學(xué)外語(yǔ)練聽力基本策略。
小題1:解析　右欄是下定義。
答案　Definition
小題2:解析　由Rather, it's an active process of analysing information and making meaning可見答案。
答案　analysis
小題3:解析　第二段講的是優(yōu)點(diǎn)，由In addition to that benefit可見答案。
答案　benefits
小題4:解析　由research has shown that learners who adopt these strategies become better listeners.可知答案。
答案　adopting
小題5:解析　由Before the talking begins, they review what they already know about the subject可知答案。
答案　known
小題6:解析　由．..later make inferences(推測(cè))about what those things might mean可知答案。
答案　Predict
小題7:解析　由Once they begin listening, these learners maintain their focus可知答案。
答案　focus
小題8:由All the while, skilled learners are evaluating what they're hearing...to see if they're correct.可知答案。
答案　accuracy
小題9:　由倒數(shù)第二段的Chinese speakers...reported increased motivation...可知答案。
答案　motivated
小題10:最后一段是總結(jié)。
答案　Conclusion
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Direction: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
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Title: Taking Things Too Personally
小題1:___________.
Tending to think things are about oneself though they’re not personal.
   Examples
Getting upset and angry when you aren’t 小題2:_______ to join in a group activity.
小題3:_________
Upsetting one and 小題4:________________
Affecting your relationships with others
 
Solutions
小題5:____________
Not 小題6:________ immediately before thinking about it
Thinking without being egocentric about the possible小題7:_______ of the incident.
小題8:__________
Viewing other’s rude criticism as their problem
Regarding other’s 小題9:__________ towards you as a compliment.
Focusing on the positive
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It was at least two months before Christmas when nine-year-old Almie Rose told her father and me that she wanted a new bicycle.
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Suddenly my husband had a good idea. “ What if I make a little bicycle out of clay(泥) and write a note to tell her that she could trade the clay model in for a real bike?” My husband asked. I agreed. So he spent the next four hours patiently working with clay to make a tiny bike.
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Then she asked, “Does this mean that I can trade in this bike that Daddy made me for a real one?” Smiling, I said, “Yes.”
Almie had tears in her eyes when she replied, “I will never trade in this beautiful bicycle that Daddy made for me. I’d rather keep this than get a real bike.” Hearing this, I gave her a big hug.(擁抱).
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