Question

13．People with disabilities make up a large part of the population．It is estimated（估計） that over 35 million Americans have physical，mental，or other disabilities．About half of these disabilities are"developmental"，i．e．，they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday，often from genetic conditions，and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development，such as mobility，communication，employment，etc．Most other disabilities are considered"adventitious"，i．e．，accidental or caused by outside forces．
Prior to the 20th century，only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long．Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable．Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food，shelter，and medical treatment．Unfortunately，these basics are often not available．Civil liberties such as the right to vote，marry，get an education，and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability．
In recent decades，the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（違反，侵犯）of civil rights．Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes．
Still today，people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently．It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed，and a majority of those who do work are underemployed．About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level．
Significant barriers，especially in transportation and public awareness，prevent disabled people from taking part in society．For example，while no longer prohibited by law from marrying，a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships．
Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society．
1．A"developmental"disabilityB．
A．develops very slowly over time      
B．occurs in youth and affects development
C．is caused by forces                
D．is getting more and more severe
2．Most disabled people used to die early becauseB．
A．disabilities destroyed major bodily functions   
B．medical techniques were not available 
C．they were not very well looked after
D．they were too poor to get proper treatment
3．In the author's opinion，to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society，D．
A．more laws should be passed           
B．more public facilities should be set up
C．government should provide more aids   
D．public attitudes should be changed
4．Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage？B
A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life．
B．Discriminatory（帶歧視性的）laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others．
C．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people．
D．The disabled people feel inferior to（低于）those surrounding them．
5．The best title for this passage might beA．
A．Handicaps（障礙）of People with Disabilities
B．The physical difficulties of the Disabled
C．The Causes for Disabilities
D．Medical Treatments for Disabilities．

Answer 1

分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了殘疾人在社會上遭遇的不公，還有怎么解決類似問題．

解答 1．B．細節(jié)理解題；從第一段對developmental"disability 的定義：About half of these disabilities are"developmental"，i．e．，they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday，often from genetic conditions，and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development，可知發(fā)展性"殘疾造成了青年發(fā)展的影響；故選B．
2．B．細節(jié)理解題：從第二段的句子：only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long．Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable．可知大多數(shù)殘疾人早就死了，因為醫(yī)療技術(shù)不可用；故選B．
3．D．細節(jié)理解題：從最后一句話：Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society可知作者認為，改變態(tài)度使殘疾人能夠在社會上獲得應(yīng)有的地位；故選D．
4．B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章可知許多殘疾人終生都單身，公眾傾向于看不起殘疾人，殘疾人覺得不如（低于）周圍的那些人；故選B．
5．A．主旨大意題：從文章第一段People with disabilities make up a large part of the population可知最好的標題是殘疾人的障礙；故選A．

點評 考察學(xué)生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．