14."Panopticon"is a place in which everything is in full view of others.
A recent New York Times"House and Home"article featured the story of a man who lives in a glass house.Every wall in his home is transparent; he has no walls to hide behind,not even in the bathroom.Of course,he lives in a remote area where he doesn't exactly have neighbors looking in and watching his every move.But he has chosen to live without any physical privacy in a home that allows every action to be seen.He has created his own panopticon of sorts.
The term panopticon was coined by Jeremy Bentham in the late eighteenth century when he was describing an idea for how prisons should be designed.The prisoners'cells would be placed in a circle with a guard tower in the middle.All walls facing the center of the circle would be glass.In that way,every prisoner's cell would be in full view of the guards.The prisoners could do nothing unobserved,but the prisoners would not be able to see the guard tower.They would know they were being watched-or rather,they would know that they could be being watched-but because they could not see the observer,they would never know when the guard was actually monitoring their actions.
Similarly,it is common that people behave differently when they know they are being watched.We act differently when we know someone is looking; we act differently when we think someone else might be looking.In these situations,we are less likely to be ourselves; instead,we will act the way we think we should act when we are being observed by others.
In our wired society,many talk of the panopticon as a metaphor (隱喻) for the future.But in many ways,the panopticon is already here.Monitoring cameras are everywhere,and we often don't even know our actions are being recorded.In addition,we leave a record of everything we do online.And most of us have no idea just how much information about us has been recorded and how much data is available to various sources.We can do little to stop the information gathering and exchange and can only hope to be able to control the damage if something goes wrong.
59.According to the passage,a panopticon isD.
A.a(chǎn) prison cell
B.a(chǎn) house that is transparent
C.a(chǎn) tower that provides a broad view
D.a(chǎn) place where everything can be seen by others
60.From Paragraph 3,we learn that panopticonC.
A.is not applicable outside the prison
B.is used everywhere in public places
C.is an effective tool to control prisoners
D.is an effective tool to share information.
61.Why does the author say that panopticon is already here?C
A.Because our privacy is completely transparent.
B.Because we are all prisoners m our own homes.
C.Because our actions are observed and recorded in many cases.
D.Because we are always afraid that someone might be watching us
62.A key difference between prison panopticon and panopticon in our daily life is thatB.
A.prisoners can see their observers,but we can't
B.prisoners know that they may be being watched,but we often don't
C.prisoners are more protected in their panopticon than we are in ours
D.prisoners are less observed about privacy issues than technology users.
分析 本文主要講述全景透視的作用,以及它的應(yīng)用.
解答 DCCB
59 D 細節(jié)題.由文章第一段"'Panopticon'is a place in which everything is in full view of others."可知D項正確.此題干擾項為B項,文章第二段第二句"Every wall in his home is transparent…"會讓人誤以為 panopticon 是透明的,但是第二段介紹的透明的房子是紐約時報報道的那個人的房子,不是 panopticon,所以B項錯誤.故正確答案為D.
60 C 推斷題.由第三段第四句"In that way,every prisoner's cell would be in full view of the guards."可知每個犯人都在守衛(wèi)的監(jiān)視之下,由此推知 panopticon 能夠很好地監(jiān)視犯人,實現(xiàn)對犯人的控制,C項符合文意,所以C項正確.其余三項第三段都沒有提及,故正確答案為C.
61 C 推斷題.該句下文作者說我們的每一個舉動都會留下痕跡,然后被記錄下來,可以推斷這是作者說我們生活的世界就是一個 panopticon 的原因,C項符合文意,故正確答案為C.
62 B 細節(jié)題.由第三段最后一句"They would know they were being watched…"和最后一段第三句"…and we often don't even know our actions are being recorded."可知B項正確.A項,文中沒有提到犯人可以看到觀察者,所以A項錯誤.C、D項,文中沒有提及此內(nèi)容,所以C、D項錯誤.故正確答案為B.
點評 考察學(xué)生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.