Endless playing of songs like All I want for Christmas in shops during the festive season doesn’t just drive us mad —the songs also make us more careless with our money, research has warned.
While repeated performance of Jingle Bells may seem like an innocent attempt to raise customers’ spirits during the nightmare of Christmas shopping, the songs also have a more delicate impact.
“Background music, or “Muzak”, can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---such as the commercialization of Christmas--- onto consumers and influence their behaviour,” experts said.
Dr. Alan Bradshaw of Royal Holloway, University of London, said, “Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy. In other words, this is an attempt to control your shopping habits in a way that you might hardly be aware of.”
“Often we are told that we have the freedom to choose where we want to shop, but during Christmas the use of music in this way is so common that our freedom to choose disappears.”
Dr. Bradshaw and Prof Morris Holbrook of Columbia University examined the phenomenon and found that retailers often “dumb down” the music played in shops to relax customers, meaning it is easier to control their behaviour.
It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves, for example.
Some providers of background music have been known to promote their services by claiming they can boost profits by controlling the behaviour of customers.
“A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version which can be slowed down or sped up at different time of the day to influence behaviour in different ways,” Dr. Bradshaw said.
Background music is often classed as “Muzak” in honor of the Seattle-based company which began producing its soft-sounding melodies in the 1930s.
【小題1】According to Dr. Bradshaw, in what ways does Christmas music influence customers?
①their mood ②their income ③their sense of time ④ the sort of products they buy

A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④
【小題2】Shopkeepers slow down the rhythm of music in shops to ___________.
A．let customers spend more time shopping
B．make customers and sales assistants relaxed
C．let customers enjoy the beautiful music
D．help customers find what they really want
【小題3】What kind of music is now often adapted to influence customers in shops?
A．Classical music B．Popular modern songs. C．Folk songs. D．Jazz music.
【小題4】What is the best title of the passage?
A．Music makes happy Christmas
B．Christmas “Muzak”
C．How to make Christmas music?
D．Christmas music makes us spend more


【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，商店里面播放的圣誕音樂(lè)可以影響人們的情緒，對(duì)時(shí)間的感覺(jué)和他們買的東西的種類。如果店主放慢音樂(lè)的節(jié)奏可以讓顧客花更多時(shí)間購(gòu)物，最終的目的是讓顧客多花錢。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第四段的句子：Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy.可知Dr. Bradshaw認(rèn)為圣誕音樂(lè)會(huì)影響人們的情緒，對(duì)時(shí)間的感覺(jué)和他們買的東西的種類。選B
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第七段的句子：It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves, for example.可知店主放慢音樂(lè)的節(jié)奏是為了讓顧客花更多時(shí)間購(gòu)物，選A
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章倒數(shù)第二段的句子: A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version which can be slowed down or sped up at different time of the day to influence behaviour in different ways,”可知現(xiàn)代的流行音樂(lè)經(jīng)常被改編來(lái)影響商店的顧客，選B
【小題4】標(biāo)題確定題：從第一段的句子： the songs also make us more careless with our money, research has warned. 可知圣誕音樂(lè)會(huì)讓我們花更多的錢，選D。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Like every other Olympics, the London 2012 Olympics will depend upon thousands of volunteers to help with the smooth running of the event. To show the importance of the role, London 2012 volunteers are to be called ‘Game Makers’. Lord Coe has said recently: “London 2012 is relying on brilliant Game Makers to help us create a great Olympic and Paralympic Games. ”
London 2012 Olympics volunteers will provide the face of London 2012, working behind the scenes and making sure the games are as well organized, efficient and, most importantly, as enjoyable as possible.
Despite the hard-work and often unsociable hours required of volunteers, applications to be considered as a Game Maker were unprecedented（空前的） with all the 70, 000 available positions applied within days. But, for those still interested in helping out during 2012 and being in the middle of the action, there are still a lot of opportunities available.
If you were one of those who missed out on the chance of becoming London 2012 volunteers, you can now apply to be one of the 8, 000 London Ambassadors（大使）. This important role involves greeting fans from all over the world, welcoming them to the fantastic capital city of London and providing a friendly face as well as help, advice and a good old traditional warm British welcome. The view of London most visitors take away with them after the 2012 Olympics will mostly be down to the volunteers and ambassadors, so these roles play a very important part in the process of making the UK a great place to travel to.
Becoming a London Ambassador is a brilliant way to be involved with the London 2012 volunteers scheme and become a part of what should be an historic summer.
【小題1】Why are London 2012 volunteers called “Game Makers”?

A．They’ll decide whether the London 2012 Olympics are a success.
B．They play an important role in the London 2012 Olympics.
C．The London 2012 Olympics won’t be organized without them.
D．They will work hard and effectively.
【小題2】Which of the following can replace the underlined part “be down to” in Paragraph 4?
A．be the responsibility of
B．be under the control of
C．be in harmony with
D．be in charge of
【小題3】What’s the purpose of the passage?
A．To appeal to more volunteers.
B．To introduce the London 2012 Olympics.
C．To show the importance of volunteers.
D．To guide how to spend the historic summer.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who missed the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effect to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse our selves or turn the other person off.
With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts(手工藝品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.
【小題1】According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to _______.

A．live a better life
B．look for better methods
C．change ways of living
D．a(chǎn)ccept technology and advance steadily
【小題2】The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _______.
A．toolsB．messagesC．barriersD．skills
【小題3】The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by _______.
A．describing a processB．using examples
C．following time orderD．making classification
【小題4】Compared with home-made handicrafts, machine made products _______.
A．lack great accuracyB．lack the personal touch
C．a(chǎn)re of high valueD．a(chǎn)re quite welcome
【小題5】What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?
A．It can destroy old traditions.
B．It can lead to social progress.
C．It can be used to correct mistakes.
D．It can be used to preserve old products.
【小題6】What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A．Progress can suit the needs of daily life.
B．People review the past with great regret.
C．Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.
D．People’s attitude decides the use of technology.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it. Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see. Some last a few minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait until the last moment.
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Actually, the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesn’t show up on an IQ test.
The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scientists’ concerns. But brain theory can’t explain what we wonder about most, like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul.   
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EQ is not the opposite(相反) of IQ. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together; how one’s ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients(要素) for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ makes up about 20%; the rest depends on everything from social class to luck.
While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, some few fear EQ invites misuse.
【小題1】The experiment with the four-year-olds makes it clear that         .

A．the age of 4 is a proper time for scientific experiment
B．emotional intelligence won’t show up until adolescence
C．the ability of self-control plays a role in personal success
D．candy can be used to measure a person’s emotional intelligence
【小題2】The underlined word “upbeat” in Paragraph 4 probably means         .
A．kind B．floating C．excited D．cheerful
【小題3】Why does the author mention the experiment at the beginning of the text?
A．To amuse both the children and readers.
B．To prove the scientist’s wisdom.
C．To introduce the topic of the text.
D．To show us how to do an IQ test.
【小題4】What is most likely to be written in the paragraph that follows?
A．Information about famous people with high EQ.
B．Examples showing the opposite voice about EQ.
C．Some reasons why EQ is a relatively new field.
D．Strong demand for basic emotional education.

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In the Caucasus region of Russia, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Russian old people aren’t alone. The Pakistanis, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Ecuadorans of the Andes Mountains seem to share the secret of long life, too.
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【小題1】The example of Mr. and Mrs. Mamedov implies that some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 ____.

A．become weak and hopeless
B．a(chǎn)re too old to work in the fields
C．benefit from physical work
D．a(chǎn)re still working in the fields
【小題2】What is the main way of life for all of these long-lived people?
A．Retiring from their lives as farmers.
B．Having been married for 90 years.
C．Hard physical work.
D．Having no intentions.
【小題3】Which of the following factors isn’t helpful to people’s health and long life?
A．Clean mountain air. B．Daily hard work.
C．Good genes D．Stress and pressure.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

They like using the Internet. They have lots of pocket money to spend. And they spend a higher proportion of it online than the rest of us. Teenagers are just the sort of people an online seller is interested in, and the things they want to buy－games, CDs and clothing－are easily sold on the Web.
But paying online is a troublesome business for consumers who are too young to own credit cards. Most have to use a parent’s card. They want a facility that allows them to spend money.
That may come sooner than they think: new ways to take pocket money into cyber (網(wǎng)絡(luò)的) space are coming out rapidly on both sides of the Atlantic. If successful, these products can stimulate online sales.
In general, teenagers spend huge amounts: $153bn (billion) in the US last year and ￡20bn annually in the UK. Most teenagers have access to the Internet at home or at school－88 percent in the US, 69 percent in the UK. According to the Jupiter Research, one in eight of those with Internet access has bought something online－mainly CDs and books.
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One way to help teenagers change notes and coins into cybercash is through prepaid cards such as InternetCash in the US and Smart cards in the UK. Similar to those for pay-as-you-go mobile telephones, they are sold in amounts such as￡20 or $50 with a concealed 14-digit number that can be used to load the cash into an online account.
【小題1】What does the word “They” in paragraph 1 refer to?

A．Sellers.B．Buyers.C．Teenagers.D．Parents.
【小題2】According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．More than half of the teenagers in the US and the UK have Internet access.
B．Teenagers pay for goods online with their own credit cards.
C．Most teenagers in the US and the UK have bought something online.
D．Teenagers found it easier to persuade parents to buy online than in a shop.
【小題3】New way to help teenagers shop online is to use ______.
A．a(chǎn) new machineB．special coins and notes
C．prepaid cardsD．pay-as-you-go mobile phones
【小題4】What is the passage mainly about?
A．Online shopping traps.
B．Internet users in the US and the UK.
C．New credit cards for parents.
D．The arrival of cyber pocket money.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

In the Harry Potter films, Hermione Granger is better than her male friends and is considered the brightest pupil in her grade. Isn’t it often the same in schools of our real world? A great many boys fall behind their female classmates.
“It’s surprising but true that most of the top students have been girls since primary school. Girls are class leaders, club presidents and the top ones in exams,” said Wang Feixuan, 15, who studies at a Chengdu school. By any measure, Wang herself is a high-achiever. She is a top student, a team leader in her school’s sports club and a winner in national English and IT competitions.
But why do so many girls outperform their male peers（同輩）?
In Sun Yunxiao’s latest book Save Our Boys, he points out that the education system is “more suited to girls, who are good at memorizing and like to sit quietly and read.” Yet he also says that girls have to do so much more when they compete with males for honors, top universities and later good jobs. They can feel great pressure（壓力）nearly every day.
This seems to be the same in most countries in the world. Young women in the United States are also reported to feel the same pressure to be perfect.
“Let’s look at what we ask of our teenage girls,” says an American professor Stephen Hinshaw in an interview.
He thinks that it’s no longer enough that a girl does well in school and is a caring friend. On the TV, on the Internet, and everywhere, girls see images of impossible perfection（完美）.
Today’s young women must be good learners, good athletes, and fill their after-school lives with other activities. But they’re also asked to have the styles and looks of popular stars. “Be pretty, sweet and nice. Be athletic, competitive and get straight. Be impossibly perfect.” Stephen Hinshaw sums up.
【小題1】The passage suggests that________.

A．our society asks far too much of teenage girls
B．teenage girls shouldn’t be so perfect at school
C．boys are always lazy ones rather than girls
D．American girls have less pressure than Chinese girls
【小題2】According to the passage, it is true that   .
A．boys are less smart than girls throughout school life
B．boys usually don’t have so much pressure as girls do
C．girls are all fond of the Chinese education system
D．girls are better at school because boys don’t work hard
【小題3】The underlined word outperform means_________.
A．mistakeB．misunderstandC．ignore D．defeat
【小題4】What’s the best title for the passage_________?
A．Impossibly Perfect Is Possible.B．Why Are Girls So Perfect?
C．Perfect? Pressure Every Day!D．Perfect: Boys or Girls?

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.
【小題1】The main idea of this passage is
[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.
Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.
[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.
[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.
【小題2】What does the author think of society toward motorists?
[A] Society smiles on the motorists.
Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.
[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.
[D] Society condones their rude driving.
【小題3】Why does the author say:’ his car becomes the extension of his personality?’
[A] Driving can show his real self.
Driving can show the other part of his personality.
[C] Driving can bring out his character.
[D] His car embodies his temper.
【小題4】.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?
[A] Build more highways.
Stricter driving tests.
[C] Test drivers every three years.
[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.
【小題5】.The attitude of the author is
[A] ironical
critical
[C] appealing
[D] militant
Vocabulary
1.immunise             使免疫，使免除
2.expectation of life =" life" expectancy    平均壽命
3.versus =" against"             對(duì)頂，反對(duì)
4.mutilate             傷害
5.wilful             任性的，固執(zhí)的
6.benign             寬厚的，仁慈的
7.condone             寬容
8.desecrate          褻瀆，玷污
9.code             法規(guī)，規(guī)定，慣例
10.stringent          嚴(yán)格的，緊急的，迫切的
11.performance                   演出，成品，這里是指
car’ s behavior such as speed,
function etc.可譯成行為，
汽車行為、功能等。
難句譯注
1.Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.
【參考譯文】人和汽車對(duì)抗！這是一場(chǎng)人類永遠(yuǎn)是輸家的無(wú)休止的戰(zhàn)斗。
2.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.
【參考譯文】應(yīng)當(dāng)禁止所有強(qiáng)調(diào)力量和表現(xiàn)行為的廣告。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章論述“交通事故”，采用因果、對(duì)比手法。從人的平均壽命增加和交通事故率成正比談起，觸及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更嚴(yán)格的法規(guī)予以制止種種造成事故的不良行為。

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

We are not who we think we are.
The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable—a place where brains, energy and ambition are what counts, not the circumstances of one's birth.
The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: "The 'rags to riches' story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top.
That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom of the study sample, in terms of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top . Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into that lowest are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.
It is noted that even in Britain---a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound class system-children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the studies were released, most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.
One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans.
The picture that emerges from all the quintiles, correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, overall, "the current generation of adults is better off than the previous one", as one of the studies notes.
The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children's median family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising tide has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have seen far greater income gains than have the poor.
Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity gets little support from the data. Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is "stickiness at the ends" —four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out often who are born rich will stay rich.
【小題1】What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research?

A．Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top. 
B．Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches. 
C．The rags to riches story is more fiction than reality. 
D．The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites. 
【小題2】It can be inferred from the undertone of the writer that America, as a classless society, should ________.
A．perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity 
B．have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain 
C．enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employment 
D．encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation 
【小題3】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The US is a land where brains, energy and ambition are what counts. 
B．Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains. 
C．Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered. 
D．Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder. 
【小題4】What might be the best title for this passage?
A．Social Upward Mobility. 
B．Incredible Income Gains. 
C．Inequality in Wealth. 
D．America Not Land of Opportunity. 

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