Scientists are developing a new kind of machine to take the place of humans. These machines can do jobs in places that are too dangerous for humans. For example, they are being developed to work in nuclear power center, deep under the oceans and in outer space.
John Marrit, a psychologist(心理學(xué)家) in Williamsburg Massachusetts, helped develop the new machine. This is how they work. A machine is placed in an area far away from the person who operates it. The person wears special hard hat with television screens and sound equipment. The screens and sound equipment let the person see and hear exactly what the machine is seeing and hearing. Mr. Marrit says this gives the person the feeling of being in the same place as the machine. The idea, he says, is being there without going there. The person uses an electronic control to make the machine move. The machine copies the person’s movements exactly. If the person raises his right arm, the machine raises the right arm, too. This means an expert can do a dangerous job while staying in the safe place. For example, a person can direct the machine to destroy a bomb without going near the bomb himself.
小題1:The new kind of machine being introduced in the passage is _______.
A．in existenceB．only an idea
C．being tried outD．being researched and developed
小題2:The machine _______.
A．follows the person’s order
B．is controlled by a computer
C．does exactly what the person does
D．is controlled by a television on the person’s head
小題3:The difference between such a new machine and a robot is that _______.
A．the new machine is more difficult to make than a robot
B．the new machine is more difficult to be controlled
C．a(chǎn) robot is controlled by man indirectly
D．a(chǎn) robot can’t be used in places too dangerous or faraway

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:A

試題分析：科學(xué)家正在開(kāi)發(fā)一種代替人的機(jī)器，這種機(jī)器能代替人們從事一些危險(xiǎn) 的工作。
小題1:判斷題。 從第 1 句話(huà) Scientists are developing a new kind of machine to take the place of humans 可以看出，既然是正在開(kāi)發(fā)當(dāng)中，那肯定還未形成。選D
小題2:語(yǔ)義理解題。從第 2 段中The machine copies the person’s movements exactly 可以看出機(jī)器人做的是人類(lèi)做的事情， 明顯看出為什么選 C 的原因。A 項(xiàng)有一定的干擾性，但這種機(jī)器是人通過(guò)電控開(kāi)關(guān)控制的， 所以應(yīng)排除。選C
小題3:判斷題。這種機(jī)器還在開(kāi)發(fā)當(dāng)中，而機(jī)器人則有幾十年歷史了，可知這種機(jī)器人更加難制作，由此可以肯定答案應(yīng)該選 A。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Summer school is something a kid will never forget. For some, it's a way to advance past their classmates. For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates. I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course. It was not the school that forced me into this awkward situation, it was my mother.
I was a 16-year-old kid in a new school. My school did not offer summer courses so I had to take my course at an alternative school in the city. It was an experience I will never forget. I was not concerned with making friends. I was there to get credit（學(xué)分）for a course that I should have received for the previous semester. It was my doing that landed me in the situation and it was important that I understood this.
The fees were the lowest but the experience was amazing. I enjoyed I didn’t miss the day. The course was from Monday to Friday for an entire month. I passed the course with an A. I was thrown into an awkward situation but actually enjoyed it. My friends didn't even know I took the course. Most of them were still sleeping by the time my course ended each day.
Awkward situations are so important for personal growth. This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about. While attending college, I remembered how much I enjoyed summer school and I chose to take summer school in my first three years of college. Some kids get pushed too much but some don't get pushed enough. I was never pushed enough.
Enable your children to struggle for success. If your child needs summer school you explain to them why it's important. Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their children’s education. Follow through and follow up.
小題1:Most students go to the summer school in order to ____.
A．find good jobs
B．become top students in their class
C．have a chance to make more friends
D．graduate successfully on time
小題2:What made the author go to summer school for the first time?
A．What he had done.B．His mother's wish.
C．His own requirement.D．Study competition.
小題3:Which of the following was NOT the benefit got by the author through attending summer school?
A．It helped him get rid of bad habits.
B．It helped him make new friends.
C．It helped him understand what sacrifice and hard work were.
D．It increased his independence.
小題4:From the last paragraph we can learn that the author _______.
A．does not like summer school at all even though it is useful
B．thinks summer school is unnecessary for children
C．encourages parents to make their children attend summer school
D．is against forcing children to attend summer school

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The name sounds funny but the idea is no joke: it’s a personal toilet called the pee-pool, Anders Wilhelmson, a Swedish architect, is the inventor of the pee-pool.
He became interested in the idea of sanitation(衛(wèi)生設(shè)施) after taking part in a research project on the social and political development of cities, One of the most common problems he found in developing countries was the lack of toilets, He wanted to do something to help, So working with others, he started the project in 2005, and the next year started a company called Peepoolple.
The toilet is a single—use bag made of environmentally friendly plastics, The inside is treated with urea （尿素）, a chemical commonly used as fertilizer, The hotter the weather, the more quickly the waste turns into what is needed by plants The sanitation process can be as soon as a couple of hours or as long as two to four weeks ,You can just bury it in a pot and grow whatever you like.
The company expects to start selling the bags in August in Kenya and Bangladesh, But it is just beginning production and sales in Nairobi now , Full production could reach about half a million bags a day and people may be able to buy the pee-pool in countries Vietnam, Bangladesh, etc.
The United Nations says more than two and a half billion people around the world do not have good sanitation ,Many have no choice but to use the outdoors, which is not only bad for the environment ,but also harmful to people’s health, Each year, poor sanitation leads to three fifths of those people getting an infectious disease which on average causes one out of 1,000 patients to die.
Jack Smith ,the founder of the World Toilet Organization ,says “This is quite an unacceptable situation given the fact that we are living in the modem world , And strangely, many of them own televisions ,phones but have no toilet.”
小題1:What was the original purpose of Anders Wilhelmson in starting the company?
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B．To earn a lot of money from the project
C．To do research on the social development
D．To help solve the problem of lack of toilets in developing countries
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A．It can be used over again
B．Its sanitation process doesn’t last long
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小題3:In which place can people buy the Pee-pool now?
A．NairobiB．VietnamC．SwedenD．Bangladesh
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A．poor sanitation may cause many problems
B．many people don’t care for the environment
C．many people get ill from using the outdoors
D．quite a number of people died from poor sanitation
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A．the outdoors being damaged
B．many places being shout of toilets
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Gray hair is simply a part of the normal aging process, and the rate you go silver is genetically predetermined. Going gray is not associated with earlier death, and premature graying is not, generally speaking, a sign of an illness or ill health in younger adults. There are, however, some specific health conditions associated with gray or white hair, but for most of us, going gray is just a fact of life.
Hair color comes from the pigment melanin(黑色素), which determines your individual shade. Hair without any melanin is pure white. The pigment is produced in cells called melanocytes, which inject pigment into the hair. At some point in everyone's lifetime, these cells slow down and eventually stop producing color. Scientists have yet to identify the exact mechanism by which melanocyte cell death occurs.
A study of more than 4,000 women and men from 20 countries determined that about 75% of people between the ages of 45 and 65 have some gray hair. In general, people of European descent gray earliest followed by Asians and Africans. It's interesting to note that a lucky 1 in 10 has no gray hair by retirement age. Beginning at age 30, your chances of having gray hair go up 10-20% per decade.
It may feel like you have more grays after a stressful event, but that's probably because middle age is basically a series of anxiety-ridden events. Between working, raising kids, and caring for older parents, the "sandwich" years of 45-65 can be stressful, especially for women. They are also when we naturally start to look older.
At this point, there is still no silver bullet to keep away the grays.
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A．Going gray.B．Tips to make hair color last
C．Why does hair turn gray?D．Gray hair is in fashion.
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A．Scientists have found out how to prevent hair from turning gray.
B．Europeans are more likely to gray than Asians and Africans.
C．Gray hair means poor health or a sign of illness.
D．Everyone will inevitably get gray hair by retirement age.
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A．Being physically weak.B．Stress from different sides.
C．Death of melanocyte cell.D．Genetic factors.
小題4:What does “silver bullet” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Make-upB．Scientific research.C．Chemical weapon.D．Cure.

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All around the world, shoppers flock to Wal-Mart to buy everything．In Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine(渦輪機(jī)) , which supplies 5% of the store's electricity．It along with other facilities, such as exterior walls coated with heat-reflective paint, makes this Wal-Mart a green giant．
The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods．It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, and the impact could be amazing．"One little change in product packaging could  save 1, 500 trees," says Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott．"If everybody saves 1, 500 trees or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you have made a huge difference．"
Scott wants Wal-Mart to do its part too．He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse-gas emissions （排放） over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient．He wants Wal-Mart's fleet (車(chē)隊(duì)) of more than 7, 000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015．Factories that show Wal-Mart they're cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Wal-Mart says it's working with consumer-product manufacturers to  reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so．
Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Wal-Mart's controversial labor and health-insurance practices．But it's not just window dressing, because Wal-Mart sees profits in going green．Scott says, "This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy．We don't go where we don't think there's a great interest in change．"
Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Wal-Mart's image at a time when his company's reputation is declining．He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield （保護(hù)，庇護(hù)） Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming．" By doing what we're doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything," he says．"At some point businesses will be held responsible for the actions they take．" Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit．
小題1:We can infer from the passage that ______．
A．Lee Scott is Wal-Mart's CEO
B．there are 5, 200 stores in the world
C．Wal-Mart has a great influence on the world market
D．Wal-Mart has more than 7, 000 trucks all over the world
小題2:What does the underlined sentence "This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy．" mean in the fourth paragraph?
A．Wal-Mart predicts huge profits in its green activity．
B．Wal-Mart's green activity is just window dressing．
C．Wal-Mart aims to solve its health-insurance practices．
D．Wal-Mart doesn't have any social responsibility at all．
小題3:What will Wal-Mart probably do in the future?
A．Reduce air pollution in its present stores．
B．Give favorable treatment to its consumers．
C．Ask the factories to reduce their packaging．
D．Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before．
小題4:What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Provide the background of the green plan．
B．Stress the purpose of Wal-Mart's green plan．
C．Present the risk that Wal-Mart is facing nowadays．
D．Analyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Recently a Beijing father sent in a question at an Internet forum(論壇) asking what “PK” meant. “My family has been watching the ‘Super Girl’ singing competition TV program. My little daughter asked me what ‘PK’ meant, but I had no idea,” explained the puzzled father.
To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online, it is impossible not to know this term. In such Internet games, “PK” is short for “Player Kill”, in which two players fight until one ends the life of the other.
In the case of the “Super Girl” singing competition, “PK” was used to refer to the stage where two singers have to compete with each other for only one chance to go up in competition ranking.
Like this father, Chinese teachers at high schools have also been finding their students’ compositions using Internet jargons(行話(huà)) which are difficult to understand. A high school teacher from Tianjin asked her students to write compositions with simple language, but they came up with a lot of Internet jargons that she didn’t understand.
“My ‘GG’ came back this summer from college. He told me I’ve grown up to be a ‘PLMM’. I loved to ‘FB’ with him together; he always took me to the ‘KPM’,” went one composition.
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Some specialists welcome Internet jargons as a new development in language.
If you do not even know what a Kong Long(dinosaur, referring to an ugly looking female) or a Qing Wa(frog, referring to an ugly looking male) is, you will possibly be regarded as a Cai Niao!
小題1:By writing the article, the writer tries to              .
A．explain some Internet language
B．suggest common Internet language
C．laugh at the Beijing father
D．draw our attention to Internet language
小題2:What does the writer think about the term “PK”?
A．Fathers can’t possibly know it.
B．The daughter should understand it.
C．Online game players may know it.
D．“Super Girl” shouldn’t have used it.
小題3:The examples of the Beijing father and the Tianjin teacher are used to show that Internet jargons              .
A．a(chǎn)re used not only online
B．can be understood very well
C．a(chǎn)re welcomed by all the people
D．cause trouble to our mother tongue
小題4: What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A puzzled fatherB．Do you speak Internet-ish?
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In order to know a foreign language completely, four things are necessary. First, we must understand the language when we hear it spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves, correctly with confidence  and without hesitation (猶豫). Thirdly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are correct in grammar. There is no short way to succeed in language learning. A good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book. It is no much use learning by heart long lists of words and their meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. We must “Learn through use”. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.
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A．understanding and speaking
B．hearing, speaking, reading and writing
C．writing and understanding
D．memorizing and listening
小題2:Someone hears and writes English very well, but he speaks it very badly. This is because     .
A．he doesn’t understand the language when he hears it spoken
B．he doesn’t have a good memory
C．he always remember lists of words and their meanings
D．he often hesitates to practise speaking it
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A．much practiceB．studying the dictionary
C．learning through useD．using the language
小題4:Which of the following is the most important in learning a foreign language?
A．A good memory.B．Speaking.
C．Practice.D．Writing.
小題5:“Learn through use” means      .
A．we use a language in order to learn it
B．we learn foreign language in order to use it
C．we can learn a language well while we are using it
D．both B and C

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Plastic is everywhere because plastic is an extremely useful material. It is cheap, strong and lightweight. What’s more, it can take on nearly any form or shape, from soft and stretchy (有彈性的) to hard and glasslike.
Plastic, however, is far from perfect. It may even be bad for us. Studies now suggest that poisonous chemicals can get out of some types of plastic, get into our bodies, and cause a variety of health problems, including cancer, birth defects and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (注意缺陷障礙).
Two types of chemicals in particular have raised special concern lately. They are called phthalates (鄰苯二甲酸鹽) and Bisphenol-A (二酚基丙烷), BPA for short. Not all plastic products contain them. But the ones that do are surrounded by controversy (爭(zhēng)議). That’s because experts disagree on how dangerous these chemicals are.
Plastic is a single word, but plastic isn’t just one thing. What all plastics share in common are plasticizers -- special chemicals that allow the material to be changed into nearly any shape or texture. Plasticizers (塑化劑) are added to plastic during the manufacturing process.
Phthalates and BPA are two types of plasticizers that work in different ways. Phthalates add softness to things like shampoo bottles, raincoats and rubber. They are also used in perfumes and makeup. BPA, on the other hand, gives a hard, clear, almost glasslike feel to products such as infant bottles. BPA also appears in food and soda cans, DVDs and other unexpected places.
How do these chemicals get into us? When plastic is heated in the microwave or dishwasher, chewed on or scratched, the chemicals can seep (滲透) out of the plastic. Even though we can’t see them, we eat them, drink them and breathe them in.
Scientists and parents are especially worried about young children, who tend to chew on everything, including plastic. Dozens of countries, including the European Union, Japan, Canada and Mexico have already banned phthalates from products made for children younger than three. California and Washington have done the same. And a number of other states are considering similar rules. As for BPA, Canada became the first country to ban the chemical from baby bottles. A dozen states are considering it.
小題1:What can we know about the plastic from the first paragraph?
A．Its characters and effects.B．Its wide use and bad points.
C．Its importance and chemicals.D．Its popularity and advantages.
小題2:Which of the following products contains BPA?
A．A soft plastic cup.B．A pencil eraser.
C．A baby milk bottle.D．A new perfume.
小題3:Phthalates and BPA can get into us __________.
A．through mouth or noseB．through blood transfusion
C．by feeling plastic productsD．by heating in the microwave
小題4: What is the passage mainly about?
A．A new ban on plastic products.B．Problems caused by the plastic.
C．Good points of the plastic.D．The use of plasticizers.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Empathy(同情心) lets us feel another person’s pain and drives us to help. Do any other animals feel empathy? Scientists recently found that rats(老鼠) do, too.
Most people don’t like rats. In many people’s eyes, rats are only bad. But Jean Decety and his partners at the University of Chicago did an experiment. It showed that rats are kind, warm-hearted animals. They can feel each other’s pain.
Scientists placed pairs of rats in plastic cages(籠子) for two weeks. During this time they got to know each other. Then they put one of the rats from each pair into a small container(容器) in the cages. The small container had a door. It was so designed as to fall to the side when the free rat touched it. Many of the trapped(困住的) rats squeaked(吱吱叫) to show their discomfort. The other rats of the pairs could see their suffering(受苦的) friends clearly.
In most pairs, the free rats would become very worried about their friends. They kept trying to save their friends again and again throughout the month. Scientists put the rats’ favorite chocolate in the cages, but the rats didn’t eat it until they had saved their friends successfully. Scientists also found that female rats seemed to act more empathetic than male rats.
“The results are the first to show that rats take action in response to another’s trouble,” Decety said. “Monkeys and chimpanzees have similar behavior. But unlike those animals, rats can be ready used in laboratory studies. They will help us to learn which parts of the brain lead to empathy and helping behavior and whether empathy is natural.”
小題1:A person with empathy is often _____.
A．kind-heartedB．cleverC．a(chǎn)ctiveD．strong
小題2:Why didn’t the free rats eat the chocolate at first?
A．Because they were not hungry at that time.
B．Because chocolate was not their favorite food.
C．Because they wanted to save the trapped rats first.
D．Because they were afraid that the chocolate was bad.
小題3:Which of the following animals were NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Monkeys.B．Chimpanzees.C．Rats.D．Cats.
小題4:What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Rats can feel other animals’ pain.
B．Chocolate is rats’ favorite food.
C．Rats are empathetic and can feel each other’s pain.
D．Female rats are more empathetic than male rats.

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