Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world; they're affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who've just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Rémi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens.
Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-1evel thinking processes get involved. Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen-a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, Radel says. "This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. "Radel says.
小題1:Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?
A．Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach.
B．Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testers, hungry and non-hungry.
C．Because noon was not the right time for any experiment.
D．Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index.
小題2:What does the writer want to tell us?
A．Human’s senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world.
B．What’s perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking.
C．Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.
D．Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses.
小題3:What can we infer from the passage?
A．42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.
B．An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.
C．Our thinking processes are independent of our senses.
D．Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D

試題分析：文章大意：我們的五官感覺不僅僅讓我們感知世界；五官感覺還受大腦活動的影響，但是文章用一項Radel做的調(diào)查測試證明人類可以不受大腦思維的影響感知需要的東西。人的大腦是受我們的動機和需要支配。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)文章第三段的描述： Radel為了保證42名學(xué)生到達(dá)實驗室時是空腹, 所以要求他們中午到達(dá). 然后告訴一部分學(xué)生實驗時間推遲了, 請他們10分鐘后再來. 他又請另外一部分學(xué)生用午餐. Radel用推遲實驗的方法造就了兩組實驗者, 即饑餓組與飽食組. 選項B是答案.
小題2:主旨題：雖然A、B、D選項均可在文中找到對應(yīng)部分, 而只屬于細(xì)節(jié), 而非主旨, 因此不能選. 本文最后一句From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. "Radel says.給出了直接的答案，人的大腦受我們的動機和需要支配。選C。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：選項A所說的實驗樣本的大小與本題主旨無關(guān), 不是答案, 而是干擾項；B、C內(nèi)容也不能直接從短文中推斷出來. 選項D是答案. 最后一段第二句的“Humans Can really perceive what they need or what they strive for”可知人類可以不受大腦思維的影響感知需要的東西。為選擇D項提供了依據(jù).
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as El Nino （厄爾尼諾）. The appearance of El Nino is known to affect the weather around the world. Scientists still do not completely understand it. Yet they now find they can use it to tell about the future in different areas of the world.
One example is the work of two scientists at Columbia University in New York, Mark Cane and Gordon Eshel. A scientist of Zimbabwe（津巴布韋）, Roger Buckland worked with them. They have found that when El Nino appears, Zimbabwe has little or no rain. This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor. The last El Nino was in 1991 to 1993. That was when southeastern Africa suffered a serious lack of rain.
The scientists wrote about their recent work in the publication（出版物）Nature. Their computer program can tell when an El Nino will develop up to a year before it does. They suggest that this could provide an effective early warning system for southern Africa, and could prevent many people from starving.
小題1:El Nino is known as ___.
A．the changing of the weather in southern Africa
B．the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean
C．the weather which brings drought（旱災(zāi)）to Africa
D．the weather phenomenon（現(xiàn)象）that brings heavy rains to Africa
小題2:Scientists study El Nino in order that ___.
A．they can provide a kind of early warning to the place that will suffer from drought
B．they can tell why Zimbabwe has little or no rain
C．they can do some research work in this field.
D．they can put all this information into their computers.
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Scientists come to understand how El Nino appears.
B．Three scientists from the USA work on this subject.
C．Southern Africa suffered a serious drought and many people died from hunger.
D．El Nino has something to do with Zimbabwe’s poor crops.
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?
A．The computer is used in this research work.
B．Scientists know when an El Nino appears by means of the computer program.
C．The scientists published their results of the research work.
D．Nature is the name of the article written recently by the scientists.
小題5:What’s the best title for this passage?
A．Appearance of El Nino is Predictable（可預(yù)測的）
B．Drought in Zimbabwe
C．Early Warning System
D．Weather in Africa

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The past week was possibly the most eventful in the history of customer technology markets,or to be precise, the 7-inch (17.8-cm) tablet (平板電腦)market. Never before have three of thebiggest players in the industry scheduled what could be truly historic productlaunches (上市）so close together.
Despite its name, the 7.9-inch iPad Mini is one of the largest among the mini-tablets. It's gotall the aesthetics of its earlier 9.7-inch iPad and is unbelievably thin-just 7.2 mm, 23 percentthinner than the iPad.
Apple's iPad Mini
Release date: Nov 2,2012 (Wi-Fi version)
Operating system: iOS 6
Size: 19.9 x 13.5 x 0.7 cm
Prices: $329 (16GB Wi-Fi), $429 (32GB Wi-Fi), $519 (64GB Wi-Fi), or $459 (16GB Data)
$559 (32GB Data), $659 (64GB Data)
Google may have been forced to cancel its Android event in New York City on Oct 29 due to the threat of hurricane Sandy, but that isn't stopping it from making same big announcements. For starters, Google has confirmed (證實）that the Nexus 10 will be running Android 4.2 out of the box, so get excited. It will also come equipped with a 10-inch display running at an impressive 2560x1600 resolution. On the inside, it'll have a A15 dual-core (雙核）processor running alongside 2GB of RAM(內(nèi)存)，so expect the Nexus 10 to be a speedy little tablet. Google's Nexus 10 Release date: Nov 13，2012 Operating system: Android 4.2 Jelly Bean Size: 26.4 x 17.8x0.9 cm Prices: $399 (16GB), $449 (32GB)
Microsoft's Surface is a bold product with some great touches. It doesn't feature a camera and focuses on Office software, which suggests Microsoft is focusing this product on an executive toy. There's no 3G connection (only Wi-Fi) so owners won't have to worry about an extra contract.
The real delight, however, is Metro, the impressive navigation interface (導(dǎo)航界面).It is beautifully designed with brightly colored squares for navigation. Pre-orders for Surface in the US sold out over the weekend, so it would seem customers are excited.
Microsoft's Surface
Release date: Oct 26,2012
Operating system: Windows 8 RT
Size: 27.5 x 17.2 x 0.9 cm
Prices: $499 (32GB M-Fi)
小題1:What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A．The three biggest companies made a new product together.
B．A technology has been introduced to tablet industry.
C．The three companies launched their new products nearly at the same time.
D．The tablet market, in October was out of control.
小題2:What is the 7.9-inch iPad Mini's major contribution to the customers?
A．Wi-Fi versionB．Operating system
C．Prices D．Size
小題3:How many technologies will be introduced to the Nexus 10 according to Google?
A．6B．5C．4D．3
小題4:Which tablet with 32GB Wi-Fi is the most expensive?
A．Microsoft's Surface.B．Apple's iPad Mini.
C．Google's Nexus 10.D．A15 dual-core processor.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, why are veins (靜脈) blue?
Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Which works harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker（超級油輪）. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?
Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed（腐爛）and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.
Do old people shrink（收縮）as they age?
Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity (重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.
Why does spinning make you dizzy)?
Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not.
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system（邊緣系統(tǒng)）. All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.
If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy, it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.  
 
小題1:What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A．BlueB．Light yellow
C．Red D．Dark reddish purple
小題2:Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A．Because their spine is in active use.
B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C．Because they keep growing backwards.
D．Because their spine becomes more bent.
小題3:Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
小題4:What is the main purpose of the selection?
A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B．To provide information about our body.
C．To challenge new findings in medical research.
D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Japanese students work very hard but many are unhappy. They feel heavy pressures(壓力) from their parents. Most students are always told by their parents to study harder and better so that they can have a wonderful life in the future. Though this may be a good idea for those very bright students, it can have terrible results for many students who are not gifted(有天賦的) enough. Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have their parents lose hope. Such students felt that they are hated by everyone else they meet and they don’t want to go to school any longer. They become dropouts.
It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried about their children, they do not help them in any way. Many parents feel that they are not able to help their children and that it is the teachers’ work to help their children. To make matters worse, a lot of parents serif their children to those schools opening in the evenings and on weekends — they only help the students to pass the exams and never teach them any real sense of the world.
Many Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the students’ hair to their clothes and things in their school bags. Child psychologists(心理學(xué)家) now think that such strict rules are harmful to the feelings of the students. Almost 40% of the students said that no one had taught them how to get on with others, how to tell right from wrong and how to show love and care for others, even for their parents.
小題1:“Dropouts” are those who _______.
A．make troubles in and out of schools
B．go about or stay home instead of being at school
C．try hard but always fails in the exams
D．lose hope and give up some of their subjects
小題2:According to the passage, it’s necessary to teach students _______.
A．how to study wellB．how to get on with others
C．to show love and care for othersD．All above
小題3:Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．The Trouble in Japanese Schools
B．The Problems of Japanese Students
C．Education in Japan
D．The Pressures on the Students in Japan

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Another day begins with the call of the phone’s alarm, Where are you? Open your eyes. Turn the alarm off and you will start working out on your apps（應(yīng)用軟件）.
First stop, weather: Sunny day. Look outside the window. Oh, no, it isn’t. Second stop, Air Quality Index: 344, dangerous, Level 6 Severely Polluted. Mental recheck required: It really is a sunny day and the weather app isn’t lying or in need of being replaced, it’s just that you can’t see the sun through the thick fog. Note to self: Cycling to work is out, face mask is in.
Has the world stopped turning? News app merely confirms that it’s business as usual. Another government has fallen, your soccer team has lost again, and China’s economy is still increasing steadily.
Diary app informs you of all the things you failed to do the previous day and loads you up with another half-dozen tasks. Next, browse a couple of social networking apps to determine the status updates of friends.
Another sound from the phone, it’s a message from your significant friend who is already at work, saying the Taobao. com order for Italian cheese is about to arrive.
Apps have become part of our “every-moment” lives. Apps provide so much information. But the dark side to all this connectivity would be lack of privacy, being a slave to the app. The only real problem is that once you lose your smartphone, you lose your life.
Some friends and family do not have smartphones, but prefer the old-fashioned Nokia that merely makes phone calls and sends instant messages. While I respect their purity and desire to be free of the control of technology, it’s obvious they are outsiders, and their lives are loaded up with paper and old devices. They’re still buying books at stores, complaining the lack of CDs on the market, watching TV and missing out on complete news cycles. Though I would add, they have lives that aren’t spent inside small screens.
My phone is a palm-sized one-stop shop and about the only thing it doesn’t do is teleport（心靈運輸）. What’s not to like?
小題1:The functions of apps mentioned in the passage can be listed as follows EXCEPT that _______.
A．the apps can show you weather forecast
B．the apps can tell you how to work directly
C．the apps can inform you the latest news
D．the apps can tell you what you failed to do
小題2: According to the passage, the author thinks that _______.
A．people’s life is governed by apps
B．people feel bored about the use of apps
C．people can’t live without apps
D．people hate apps with powerful functions
小題3:It can be inferred from the last paragraph but one that _______.
A．more and more people like Nokia more than apps
B．using Nokia can be free of the control of technology
C．a(chǎn)ll people don’t like the advanced smartphones
D．ordinary people don’t like shopping online

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People diet to look more attractive．Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result．That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists．
　　The research team have discovered that subordinate(低一等的) fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors．"In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals，a male and female，had breeding（繁殖）rights within the group，" explains Marian Wong．"All other group members are nonbreeding females，each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor．We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation．"
　　The reason for the size difference was easy to see．Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group．More often than not，the evicted fish is then eaten up．
　　It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish．Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate，was not clear．The research team decided to do an experiment．They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened．To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights，over having a feast．
　　The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group．Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small．
　　While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious，Dr．Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understand how hierarchical（等級的）societies remain stable．
　　The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans．"As yet，we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，" the researchers comment．"Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness，rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal．"
小題1:When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it _________．
A．leaves the group itselfB．has breeding rights
C．eats its competitorD．faces danger
小題2:The underlined words "the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _________．
A．the fish beaten up B．the fish driven away
C．the fish found outD．the fish fattened up
小題3:The experiment showed that the smaller fish _________．
A．fought over a feastB．preferred some extra food
C．challenged the boss fishD．went on diet willingly
小題4:What is the text mainly about?
A．Fish dieting and human dieting．B．Dieting and health．
C．Human dieting．D．Fish dieting．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Google, the Internet search and mapping company, has developed a car that can steer without a driver.
Sometimes the reality is stranger than science fiction: Google is road-testing cars that steer, stop and start without a human driver. The goal is to “help prevent traffic accidents, free up people’s time and reduce carbon emissions.” says Sebastian Thrun, who is the project leader for the driverless car, or Carbot.
By developing the car and the software that drives it, Google wants to change how people get from place to p1ace. Eric Schmidt, one of the company’s top officials, said, “Your car should drive itself. It just makes sense.”
So far, the driverless autos have gone about 140,000 miles on California roads without people taking over the driving. Many of the roads are very busy or full of curves that challenge human drivers. The autos’ software makes it possible to know speed limits, traffic patterns and road maps. The vehicles use radar, lasers and video cameras to find other cars and avoid people crossing streets.
There has only been one accident during the testing. And in that case, the Carbot was hit from behind by a human driver when Goog1e’s car was stopped at a red light. Engineers say the driverless cars are safer than autos with people behind the wheel because the computers react much more quickly than humans.
The Carbot is still in very early testing stages. Experts agree that it will be years before you will be able to buy one. But it is likely that one day you will be sitting in the driver’s seat of a driverless car. When the auto was first invented it was called a “horseless carriage”. Now it seems that it is time for the “driverless carriage” to be part of our 1ives.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．An auto revolution is on its way.
B．Google has developed a driverless car.
C．The Carbot has passed its early testing stages.
D．Science fiction has turned into reality.
小題2:The driverless car is safer than an auto with people because _______.
A．it uses radar, lasers and video cameras
B．it knows speed limits, traffic patterns and road maps
C．the computer has a better sense of direction than drivers
D．the software responds to emergencies faster than a human driver
小題3:The advantage of the Carbot is that _______.
A．it can drive all by itself
B．it can avoid any traffic accident
C．it doesn’t pollute the environment
D．it is the most fashionable car nowadays
小題4:70. The author’s attitude towards the Carbot is _______.
A．unfriendlyB．desperateC．criticalD．optimistic

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在短文后的表格中填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：表格的每個空格只填一個單詞。
Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment （投資）available in the developing world. Women's education may be unusual territory for economists（經(jīng)濟學(xué)家）, but enhancing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics（經(jīng)濟因素）, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived（剝奪）of an education.
　　Parents in low-income countries fail to invest（投資）in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school - the prophecy （預(yù)言) becomes self- fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (惡性循環(huán)) of neglect.
　　An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy.
Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.
Topic: The significance of female小題1:       in developing countries
Opinion
Educating girls in more小題2:    than any other investment.
Families
From low-income families
From educated mothers’ families
Attitudes
Girls are of less小題3:         
than boys.
Development should be for all小題4:
       .
小題5:          
There is小題6:    invests ment in daughters.
Girls are made to may at home, 小題7:
      housework.
Girls and boys have小題8:       
chances.
Significance
Educating girls小題9:     to social benefits, conceit advantages and health practices, including faruly planning.
小題10:        
Educating girls in developing countries is important and rewarding.
 

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